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How much do you think we pay for gas?
A. Too muchB. About rightC. Too little
Miscelleneous Cost for Oilin Billion of Dollars
300
7525
149
Health Costs
Roadwayconstruction,maintenance, andresearch Impact ofpetroleum-relatedglobal warming
Military cost
• By this estimate, the total annual costs that are not included in the price of gasoline (and other petroleum-based products that we use) are roughly $550 billion.
• According to the Department of Energy, in 2005, the U.S. consumed about 317 billion gallons of petroleum (20.6 million barrels per day).
• This means that for every gallon of gas (or diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, plastic, etc.) consumed, society paid an extra $1.74 per gallon.
How concerned are you about “running” out of oil in your lifetime?
A. Not concernedB. Somewhat concernedC. Very concernedD. Don’t care
Do the quantities of Earth resources ever increase over time ?
A. YesB. No
Earth Resources
Statement:1. The Earth is a closed system with finite
resources
2. Resources vs. Reserves• Resource: a concentration of naturally occurring
solid, liquid, or gaseous material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and amount that economic extraction of a commodity from the concentration is currently or potentially feasible
• Resource:• Identified: geologic evidence suggests the location,
quality and quantity of a resource
• Undiscovered: a material that is surmised to exist based upon broad knowledge and theory
– hypothetical and speculative
2. Reserve: part of the resource that can be extracted economically
– Measured: amount is known from a working mine
– Indicated: amount is known from a sample data
– Inferred: estimated amounts based upon similar experience
R E S E RV E S
D e m o n stra te dM e a su re d In d ic a te d
In fe rre d
ID E N T IF IE D U N D IS C O V E R E D
H y p o th e tic a l S p e c u la tiv e
R E S O U R C E S
In c reas in g C e rta in ty o f R eso u rce E x is ten c e
What will higher costs of gasoline do to oil resources?
A. IncreaseB. DecreaseC. There will be no effect
M. King Hubbert
"Our ignorance is not so vast as our failure to use what we know.“
M. King Hubbert
The total quantity of a material discovered or undiscovered is called:
A. the reserve.B. the reservoir.C. the resource.D. the stuff.
The world faces an energy crisis because _________.
A. world demand for energy will increaseB. world oil production will peak and begin to
declineC. shortages and the resulting escalation of prices
can shock the economic and political orderD. all of the above
In the US, which consumes the largest amount of oil?
A. IndustryB. TransportationC. ResidentialD. Commercial
What do we consume the most?
A. OilB. CoalC. Natural GasD. NuclearE. Renewable Resources
In the future, what will we consume the most?
A. OilB. CoalC. Natural GasD. NuclearE. Renewable Resources
In the US, we will ______ in the future as we do now.
A. Use more energyB. Use less energyC. Use about the same energy
The largest increase in energy consumption will take place in _______ in the future.
A. AsiaB. The USC. CanadaD. South AmericaE. Europe
______ oil will be discovered in the future.
A. MoreB. Less
How much oil will natural processes create in the future?
A. A lotB. SomeC. A littleD. None
CO2 Concentration Over Time
Consequences of using Earth Resources
Greenhouse Earth Analogy
The history of Earth’s climate has been mostly _______ than/as it is now.
1. Warmer2. Cooler3. About the same4. We don’t know