HOW M

ATTE

R CHANGES

CH

AP

TE

R 5

Lesson 1

Essential Question: What are physical changes in

matter?

Physical Change: A change in the size, shape, or state of matter that doesn’t change it into a new state of matter

Examples:melted juice bar/melting snowmanbroken glasscut paper

Energy: the ability to cause change

Where did the energy come from?1) Ball breaking a window?2) Paper being cut?3) Water evaporating?

moving ballmuscles in hand

sun

Let’s create some physical change by making a paper snowflake!

New entry in Science IN: Compare and contrast the paper square and the snowflake. Be sure to use the word physical change.

Making Paper SnowflakesThe paper square and the snowflake are similar because………………. They are different because…………… My snowflake design is ………….

Lesson 2

Essential Question:

What happens to matter when it is heated or cooled?

Heating and cooling matter changes the way its particles move and the amount of space between the particles.

Thermal energy: total energy of the particles of matter

Thermal energy can be added and taken away from matter. You can’t see thermal energy, but you can feel it as heat.

Heat: the flow of thermal energy from a warmer to a cooler area

+ thermal energy = melted butter (liquid)

(solid)

melted butter - thermal energy = (liquid) (put on ice pack)

(return to solid)

Adding and taking away thermal energy

When you heat matter, its thermal energy grows. The particles of matter move faster and farther apart. When you cool matter, you take away thermal energy. The particles of matter slow down an move close together.

Temperature: A measure of how hot or cold matter is

Particles of matter move slower in the cold and faster in the warm.

Tool of measurement: thermometer Measure in units called degrees:

Celsius & Fahrenheit

Matter stays the same:

Matter may look different after a physical change, but the matter does not change. Its particles are just packed together differently.

After a physical change, the matter’s physical properties such as color and density, stay the same. Its mass also stays the same.

Iron –• When iron gets heated, it gets soft.• Soft metals can be hammered and

bent into different shapes. It can get so hot it becomes a liquid.

Lesson 3

Essential Question:What are mixtures and

solutions?

Enter these into your Chapter 5 Table of Contents:

Lesson 3 Notes (1 page)

Mixtures vs Solutions (2 pages)

Mixture: matter made of 2 or more substances or materials that are physically combined

Examples:1. bubbles2. coin jar3. trail mix

How can you separate mixtures?• by hand• change in state• density differences

*You cannot separate all mixtures by hand. Some mixtures can be separated using a change in state. Example: sugar & water ~ boil the water

*Separate by density Example: soil mixed with water

Solution: A mixture where the particles of one kind of matter are mixed evenly with the particles of other kinds of matter

Dissolve: to mix completely with another substance to form a solution

*Solubility – the measure of how much a substance can dissolve into another substance.

SandSaltSugar

not solublemore solublevery soluble

Mixture Solutionmarbles + water salt + water

parts can be easily seen & removed

All solutions are mixtures, but

solutions are evenly mixed. One

substance dissolves in the other.

Mixture

Solution

made up of 2 or more

types of matter mixed

together

Example:

Sand &

water

Examples:

airsalt water

sugar water

Particles are mixed together,

not necessaril

y even.

Particles are

evenlymixed.

can by easily

separated

not easily separated;

a substance dissolves

Bothare

mixtures.

Lesson 4

Essential Question:

What are chemical changes in matter?

Chemical change: a change in matter that makes new kinds of matter with different properties

Chemical changes need energy. Energy is given off or taken in during a chemical change.

During a chemical change, molecules break apart and mix with different ways with other atoms and molecules. This forms new matter with different properties.

The atoms and molecules mix in new ways during a chemical reaction: a chemical change

The matter you start with: reactantThe product is the NEW matter that is formed.

Proof that chemical change is happening:1) bubbles2) change in color, state, temperature3) change in smell, energy4) a new product is formed

How chemical changes take place:Atoms and molecules are held together by chemical bonds. During a chemical reaction, the bonds are broken.

New bonds form between different atoms and molecules. This causes new matter, or products, to form.

The new products are made up of different atoms and molecules, so they have different properties from the reactants.

EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES

• CARS BURN GAS

• BURNING WOOD

• RUSTING METAL

• FIREWORKS EXPLODING

• TOASTED MARSHMALLOW

• BAKING A CAKE

• FOOD INTO ENERGY FOR YOUR BODY

• APPLE EXPOSED TO AIR

• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (ON A CUT)

~ LAVA LAMP ~Creating Chemical Change

1. Pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one quarter full.

2. Pour in vegetable oil until the bottle is near full.3. Wait until the oil and water have separated.4. Add around a dozen drops of food coloring to the

bottle (choose any color you like).5. Watch as the food coloring falls through the oil

and mixes with the water.6. Cut an Alka-Seltzer tablet into smaller pieces

(around 5 or 6) and drop one of them into the bottle. Things should start getting a little crazy!

7. When bubbling stops, add another piece of Alka-Seltzer and enjoy the show!

Lava Lamp Experiment

Our lava lamp………………….

• What supplies did you need?

• Describe the process in making the lava lamp. (You should use the word chemical change.)

• What did the lava lamp look like?

The reactants are……………

The product is ……………