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Facts on Russia
Geography • Russian occupied 1/6th of the earth's land
surface • it occupied 1/2 of Europe and 1/3 of Asia • it had frontiers with twelve countries • it was washed by twelve seas from three oceans • Southern Russia is sub-tropical • Northern Russia is within the Arctic Circle: 1/3 of
the land is permanently frozen.
Facts on Russia
• People • total population 1897 - approximately 110
million • three quarters of the population was Slavic • the remaining quarter belonged to 180
different nationalities • 125 languages were spoken • 40 religions were practiced - the main
religion was Orthodox Christianity
Causes
• Autocracy- ruler has unlimited power• Russo-Japanese War- in 1905,
Russians lost a war with Japan• Serfs were not emancipated until
1860’s- life did not get much better for them
• Industrialization- low wages, bad working conditions, child labor.
Strikes/Revolutionary Movements
• Poor conditions led to strikes and revolutionary movements
• Bolsheviks- radical Marxists who believed the proletariat- or workers, would overthrow the Czar
• Vladimir Lenin- leader of the Bolsheviks- in hiding until WW1
Bloody Sunday
• 200,000 workers and their families marched to the Czar’s palace.
• They wanted better working conditions, more freedom, and an elected legislature
• They were led by a priest and had a signed petition
• Over 1,000 wounded and hundreds killed
WW1
• Russia not prepared for War- over 4 million died in 1st year.
• Czar Nicholas moves to war front to rally troops- leaves wife in charge of Russia
• She ignored advisors and listened only to Rasputin- a holy man who put his friends in charge
March Revolution
• Rasputin was murdered by Russian nobility- now the Czar did not have support of Nobles OR common people
• Women in Petrograd led a strike- riots flared up all over the country over shortages of bread and fuel
“Down with the Autocracy! Down with the War!!”
• Soldiers disobeyed orders to shoot citizens
• Czar Nicholas gives up the throne and a temporary government is put in place
• Germans ship Lenin back to Russia by train- hoped Lenin would hurt Russian war effort
Bolsheviks Gain Power
• Bolsheviks gain power in Soviets- local councils made up of workers, peasants, soldiers
• Russians pull out of WW1
• Czar and family executed by revolutionaries
• Civil war ends in 1921- Bolsheviks win
Revolutionary Comparison
• The Russian revolution was more like the French revolution than the American revolution
• French/Russians wanted to destroy society and replace it with something else- Americans built on English society