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HOTEL FOOD ORDERING APPLICATION
USING QR CODE
NUR FATIN HANIM BINTI AZMI
BACHELOR OF COMPUTING SCIENCE
(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2019
DECLARATION
I’am Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi, the matric number BTCL18051681 hereby declare that,
this thesis entitled Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code is a record of an original
work done by under the guidance of Dr Nur Farraliza binti Mansor, my supervisor and
lecturer at Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA.
(Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi)
Date : ……………………….
i
CONFIRMATION
This project report entitle Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code by Nur Fatin
Hanim binti Azmi , matric number BTCL18051681 has been satisfactory in terms of scope,
quality and presentation as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor of Computer
Science (Internet Computing) with Honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).
(Dr. Nur Farraliza binti Mansor )
Date : ………….………………
ii
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah S.W.T. for giving me the opportunity to complete
this thesis for my final year project entitled Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR
Code. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nur Farraliza binti
Mansor for guiding me to complete this thesis, for the kindness and motivation towards this
project.
I would like also to sincerely thank you for all the lecturers that directly or indirectly
involved in my thesis writing and guiding me in studying at UniSZA. Last but not least, a
special thanks goes to my family for endless support and encouragement throughout my
studies.
iii
ABSTRACT
Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code Technology is a real time ordering to
manage the order process for hotel. This app helps customers to order without having to wait
for the waiters to serve them. The current system is using traditional way which is took order
system using paper, cause the order missing and not manage properly to record the orders of
customers. The traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to both staffs and customers
as it requires a lot of manual work. They do not have a proper ordering system to support and
make the ordering process smoothly. Nowadays, smartphone and tablet have widely used in
our daily life. By having this ordering application, the time of placing order has reduced. Our
proposed application is Hotel Food Ordering Application using QR Code that enables ease
for the customers. Therefore, this application is developed to provide an electronic ordering
system using mobile and tablet for customers in order to increase the hotel productivity. By
using this application, customers just captures QR Code on the table in each room's hotel for
ordering food. After placing an order, it will be send through to the kitchen. People can easily
scan the QR code by their smartphone. This new ways of ordering will ultimately save time
for the waiter to take up orders and this application improves the method of taking the order
from customer. In addition, owner hotel can add or manage their food menus and get
notification the ordering food has been send to the customers.
iv
ABSTRAK
Aplikasi tempahan makanan hotel menggunakan kod QR Teknologi adalah pesanan masa
nyata untuk menguruskan proses pesanan untuk hotel. Aplikasi ini membantu pelanggan
membuat pesanan tanpa perlu menunggu para pelayan untuk melayani mereka. Sistem
semasa menggunakan cara tradisional yang mengambil sistem pesanan menggunakan kertas,
menyebabkan pesanan hilang dan tidak mengurus dengan betul untuk merakam pesanan
pelanggan. Sistem pesanan tradisional membawa kesulitan kepada kedua-dua kakitangan dan
pelanggan kerana memerlukan banyak kerja manual. Mereka tidak mempunyai sistem
pesanan yang betul untuk menyokong dan membuat proses pesanan dengan lancar. Pada
masa kini, telefon pintar dan tablet telah digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan seharian
kita. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini, masa meletakkan pesanan telah dikurangkan.
Permohonan yang dicadangkan kami adalah Permohonan Pemesanan Makanan Hotel
menggunakan Kod QR yang memudahkan pelanggan. Oleh itu, aplikasi ini dibangunkan
untuk menyediakan sistem pesanan elektronik menggunakan mudah alih dan tablet untuk
pelanggan untuk meningkatkan produktiviti hotel. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini,
pelanggan hanya menangkap Kod QR di atas meja di setiap bilik hotel untuk memesan
makanan. Setelah membuat pesanan, ia akan dihantar ke dapur. Orang boleh mengimbas kod
QR dengan mudah melalui telefon pintar mereka. Cara-cara baru ini akan menjimatkan masa
untuk pelayan untuk mengambil pesanan dan aplikasi ini meningkatkan kaedah mengambil
pesanan dari pelanggan. Di samping itu, hotel pemilik boleh menambah atau menguruskan
menu makanan mereka dan mendapat pemberitahuan bahawa tempahan makanan telah
dihantar kepada pelanggan.
v
CONTENTS
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi-viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES x
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective 3
1.4 Scope 3
1.5 Limitation of Work 4
1.6 Expected Result 4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Existing Application System 5-6
2.3 Mobile Application 6
2.4 QR Code 6
2.5 Research from Previous Study 7-8
2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System 7-8
2.5.2 Point of Sale System 9-10
2.5.3 Online Ordering System 11-12
2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 13
2.7 Existing System 14-16
2.8 Summary 17
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY 18
3.1 Background 18
3.2 System Development Methodology 18
3.2.1 Planning Phase 19
3.2.2 Design Phase 19
3.2.3 Implementation Phase 19
3.2.4 Testing Phase 20
3.2.5 Deployment Phase 20
3.2.6 Review Phase 20
3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement 20
3.3.1 Software Requirement 21
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement 22
3.4 Architectural Diagram 23
3.5 System Design and Modelling 24
3.5.1 Context Diagram (CD) 24
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 25
3.5.2.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 26
3.5.2.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 27
3.5.2.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 28
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 29
3.6 Data Dictionary 30-32
3.7 Summary 33
3.8 Gantt Chart 33-34
3.9 References 35
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGE
3.1 Agile Methodology 18
3.2 Architectural Diagram 23
3.3 Context Diagram 24
3.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 25
3.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 26
3.6 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 27
3.7 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 28
3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram 29
ix
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 13
2.2 Existing System 14-16
3.1 Software Requirements 21
3.2 Hardware Requirements 22
3.3 Data Admin 30
3.4 QR Code 30
3.5 Data Guest 31
3.6 Data Staff 31
3.7 Data Menu 32
3.8 Data Order 32
3.9 Gantt Cart 34
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Hotel Ordering Food using QR Code is an interactive mobile application will help
manager’s hotel to manage and controls their hotel. There are various facilities provided so
that the users of the application will get service effectively. This application helps the hotel to
do all functionalities more accurately and faster way. All they have to do is just scroll through
the menu and tap to place an order. The current system is using traditional way which is
paper menu and using paper sheets to record the orders of customers. Actually ordering is
generating the QR code whereas the tablet is used to scan the code and send order to kitchen.
Hence, one of the advantages of the food ordering system with QR code is customer
satisfaction. All the processing method of ordering in hotel increases efficiency and reduces
energy and time based on QR code without the need to the presence of waiter at the table by
eliminating some stages of traditional ordering. All the menu information will be save in the
database and admin can manage the menu items easily at any time or anywhere.
2
1.2 Problem Statement
As mentioned previously, the existing system still using the traditional way which is
the paper menu and waiters require to record down orders information from customers by
handwriting. All the orders will be written on the paper sheets and will send to kitchen. The
traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to both staffs and customers as it requires a
lot of manual work. The manual work done by the staffs will cause some human errors such
as the probability of paper lost is high and the kitchen’s can misinterpret the handwriting of
order. Sometimes, when the staffs write in hurry will make the handwriting difficult to
understand. All these human errors will cause the customer dissatisfaction towards the
restaurant. Hence, the hotel will always receive complaint from customers which are not
satisfied with the services as they always receive the wrong order or not receive the order
after a very long time. Besides, the paper sheets easily lost. Futhermore, the manual system is
a waste of time and energy, this is because they need to go to the cafe to make an order write
down manually and wait for the order to be submitted. Customers do not know the time for
preparation for the food. Therefore, this restaurant ordering system is designed and
developed to help the restaurant to have a better management. By having this ordering
system, the time of placing order has reduced. The customers do not need to wait to be served
when they eat in the restaurant. The customers will be more satisfied at this ordering system.
One of the problems that faced by hotel that using traditional ordering system is the
difficulties to update the new menu. Paper menu can't be changed once printed. The
management can't easily update the new menu or the price on the paper menu. If they want to
change the menu, they have to reprint again. This will increase the cost and wastage of paper.
In addition to that, paper menu will damage from time to time.
Based on those problems, by implementing an electronic and efficient ordering
service can avoid those problems happen. Hence, I proposed to develop an ordering system
using QR code to solve the problems. By using the proposed system, the restaurant
productivity and customer satisfaction can be improved.
3
1.3 Objectives
There are the following objectives must be achieved in this project:
o To analyze the current system features and problems before developing the new
proposed system.
o To design a user-friendly mobile application that will surely satisfied the guest
service.
o To develop mobile application using QR Code as a sensor feature to receive guest
order.
1.4 Scopes
The scope of this project divided into 4:
Guest - Customer
Guest able to check the food that available in hotel.
Guest scan the QR code on the table to order the menu.
Staff
Staffs serves and send the food to the room ordered by the guests.
Staffs are able to know whether the guests are already order the food or not.
Admin - Restaurants/Cafe/Stall owners
Admin will add new menu, delete menu and update the food menu
Admin can view the report
Admin generate the QR Code
4
1.5 Limitation of Work
The system does not include the online payment, but the guest will pay it after
checked out from the hotel.
This mobile application for android user only.
1.6 Expected Result
The expected result of the Hotel Food Ordering System after completing the
development is can achieve the target which is to help staff’s hotel to manage food ordering
easily and efficiently. Smart ordering is to enable real-time feedback between the staff’s hotel
and guests on the order status. This allowed the customers to know the preparation time of
their order. To make graphical user interfaces more friendly and easily for user to make food
ordering and easily for the admin to update and customize the menu content on the customer
devices. The staff’s hotel does not need to inform verbally to customers one by one anymore.
5
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focused on the research that is directly or indirectly to the project. This
topic is important for the development stages or the project. It contains information that will
be implemented in this project. Analysis and observation from the existing system were made
during this stage. Based on experience and observation on restaurant/cafes I have found out
that hotel owners have the problem to manage their orders from using the manual system.
These methods of taking orders are proven to be time-consuming and redundancy of orders
always happens. Besides, guest complain on the bad service of the staff can give a bad
reputation to a hotel. So to solve this problem, understanding of the existing project is a must
to determine the best way to develop the project. A series guided steps must be taken in order
to ensure the success of the application.
2.2 Existing application and system
To develop a successful mobile application to order food via mobile phones studies
are being made based on existing application and system. The business flow of this
application is collected based on information gathered after installing and reviewing on how
the application actually works. A few samples of applications and systems related to this
6
project were studied through. Studies of these applications are vital to develop a working,
reliable, hassle-free and efficient hotel food ordering application using QR Code.
2.3 Mobile Application
A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application
software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer.
Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed
on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. This use of
app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which offers
thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. A mobile application also
may be known as an app, web app, online app, iPhone app or smartphone app. The simplest
mobile apps take PC-based applications and port them to a mobile device. As mobile apps
become more robust, this technique is somewhat lacking. A more sophisticated approach
involves developing specifically for the mobile environment, taking advantage of both its
limitations and advantages. For example, apps that use location-based features are inherently
built from the ground up with an eye to mobile given that the user does not have the same
concept of location on a PC.
2.4 QR Code
QR Code means Quick Response Code, which was invented by Denso Wave in 1994,
a subsidiary of Toyota Japanese Corporation. It is the trademark for the type of matrix
barcode. QR code is defined by the ISO/IEC 18004 industrial standard. Normal barcodes had
information stored in horizontal dimension only and were limited in the amount of data they
could contain. Denso Wave developed this QR code as a way of holding information in both
horizontal and vertical dimensions; hence a QR code is able to accumulate 10 times more
information than a normal barcode. Statistically, QR codes are capable of symbolizing same
amount of data in approximately one tenth of the space of a traditional barcode. Information
such as URL, SMS, contact information and plain text and videos can also be embodied into
this two dimensional matrix. (Eulalia Rodríguez Fino*a , Jorge Martín-Gutiérreza, M.
Dolores Meneses Fernándezb, Enrique Armas Davarac, 2013).
7
2.5 Research from previous study
2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System
Nowadays, internet is widely used in everywhere. People use internet to perform their tasks
every day, such as chat with family and friends, communicate with colleagues, search
information and many more. Internet is very convenient to the people as almost everything
can be done by internet. The telecommunication and internet has growth rapidly. There are
some industries starting to apply this technology into their business. This will help their
business be more efficient.
The user can access to data and services from a remote server, which will allow the user to
access the databases across the network or internet. Most of the handheld devices support this
wireless technology because they allow the user to access the database to retrieve the data.
People nowadays use mobile devices to work and access with data and information. It is
because the mobile devices are cheap and small. PDA which is Personal Digital Assistant is
the mobile device that suitable for business applications. They have the ability to access data
and information from remote locations (Khairunnisa, K et al, 2009).
In this ordering system, the waiters take the orders from the customers by using the PDA.
Then, the waiters will send the order to the kitchen via web-based wireless application. The
order of the customers will be displayed on a computer screen in the kitchen. The kitchen
staff will refresh the list when the food is ready to be served. The waiters will be informed
through the PDA. Then, they will serve the food to the respective table. This system will
increase the efficiency of the services as the waiters do not need to take an order using paper
anymore.
The strength of this system is the time in taking order has reduced. The waiter does no need
to walk to the customers and take the order from them. They also no need to walk back to the
kitchen to inform the chef what food has ordered. The customers can just make their order
through the PDA and the order will display in the kitchen. Especially during the peak hours
such as lunch time and dinner time, the customers do not need wait for a long time to be
served.
8
The weakness of this system is it does not support real-time feedback. The customers are not
allowed to provide their feedback after they finish their meal. It is because PDA can only use
to make their order. PDA does not provide any order status feedback to let the customers to
fill in.
This system and the proposed system have the similarity which is the time in taking order is
reduced. Both of this system do not need the customers wait to be served. They can place
order themselves using the system. The proposed system also does not support the real-time
feedback. If the customers want to give feedback, they need to speak directly to the staff.
9
2.5.2 Point of Sale System
Point of sale system which is also known as POS system, is a combination of hardware and
software that allows the staff to perform some tasks. There are a lot of businesses using this
system to operate their daily transactions including restaurants, hospitals and hotels.
POS system includes few hardware such as display pole, printer, handheld device, terminal
and cash register. Display pole is used to show the price of the item when the item is scanned.
Printer is used to print the receipt after the customers make their payment. Handheld device is
used to accept the credit card payments from the customers. Terminal is the main screen that
used to fill in the transaction details. Cash register is used to keep the cash. When the staff
receive the cash from the customers, they keep the money inside the cash register (“Software
Testing Help”, 2018).
When the customers go into the restaurant, they either make their order first at the counter or
wait to be served by the waiter. If the restaurant requires the customers to order first, they
need to queue up at the counter and make their order. Then, they only find their seats in the
restaurant. The another way is the customers find their seat when they reach the restaurant.
The waiter will serve the customers and help them to make the order
A restaurant might have more than one POS terminals. All terminals of the restaurant are
connected to a file server. The configurations and settings are done on the server, then send
back to the terminals. If the restaurant accepts credit card for the payment, third party
provider is involved to perform the credit card processing. The data will send to the bank or
third party when the staff perform credit card transaction.
The strength of this system is it can reduce the time of taking order. This also can improve
the satisfaction of the customers. By using this system, the duration of taking order is fast. It
also can reduce the mistakes that will be done by the staff. It allows the staff to track the sales
of the restaurant. The staff is allowed to generate daily and monthly sales report through this
system. The staff also can view the history of all orders.
Limitation of this system is the customers are tired of waiting on the queue. During the peak
hours such as lunch time and dinner time, there are a lot of customers in in the restaurant. The
customers need to wait for a long time to wait for their turn. Some of the customers might
lose their patience and walk out from the restaurant.
10
The difference of this POS system and proposed system is POS system requires the
customers to queue up at the counter to make their order. This system also allowed to be used
by the staff only. The customers do not use the system directly, but they make the order
through the staff. However, the proposed system let the customers to use the system
themselves. They place their order themselves through the system.
11
2.5.3 Online Ordering System
Internet is very famous and it plays a huge role in people’s life nowadays. People not only
use it for communication, they also use for education purpose, work purpose and many more.
Many company start to sell their items online because people nowadays like to purchase
items online. People also like to purchase items through internet as it brings a lot of
convenience to people.
Restaurant industry also started to make use of internet to attract more customers. Some of
the restaurant started to use online ordering system to let the customers to make their order.
When the customers make the order through the internet, the data and information will send
to the database of the restaurant. The order of the customers also will be displayed in the
screen of the restaurant.
This online ordering system brings convenience to customers. The customers can choose the
restaurant they like through the internet. They can view the menu of the restaurant and make
their order through the website. They have two options to choose to have their food, which
are delivery or pick up. If they choose delivery, the deliveryman of the restaurant will send
the food to the customer’s house. On the other hand, if the customer chooses pick up, the
customers can go to the restaurant to take their food. Payment of the food can be either cash,
credit card or PayPal.
The strength of this system is it is flexibility. The customers can order the food anytime and
wherever they are. The customers just need to access to the internet using mobile device or
laptop to make their order. They do not need to waste their time to walk in to the restaurant to
make their order. They also do not need to queue up in the restaurant. This has save the
customer’s time.
The limitation of this system is not all the people use internet. Some of the senior citizen does
not know how to use internet. Therefore, they are unable to access to the internet to make
their order. This system is unable to target all types of customers. Moreover, this system
relies on internet. If there is no internet connection or the service provider is under
maintenance, the customers are unable to access to the website. This will bring inconvenience
to the customers.
12
The similarity of this system and proposed system is both of this systems using internet to let
the customers place order. The difference of both of this system is online ordering system is
used to make an order when you are lazy to eat in the restaurant. However, proposed system
is used when the customers make their order themselves when they go into the restaurant.
13
2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles)
Table 2.1 : Research on Different Technique (Articles)
Author /
Year
Title Description Advantage
Ann
Janeth
Garcia1,
Danielle
Jaye
Agron1
and
Wansu
Lim2
(2018)
Android
Application in
Food
Ordering
System
This paper focus on develop
“cAPPeteria”, a food
ordering application where
the users can directly order
through, customize the food
quantity, confirm order and
generate a one-dimensional
barcode on device A,
controlled by the user, then
the simulated code is scanned
through device B, which will
scan and decode the
information encrypted to the
image from device A.
Using method android
application, one-dimensional
barcode
Improving the
existing
wireless food
ordering
system limits
the possible
complication
faced on
connecting to
an internet
based server
thus
increasing
mobility and
control to the
user.
John
D’Dono
van and
John
Dunnionv
(2014)
A Framework
for Evaluation
of
Information
Filtering
Techniques in
an Adaptive
Recommender
System
This paper focus on two
serious restrictions. Sparsity
restriction (two user have co-
rated many of the items in the
system) and Latency
Restriction (This affects new
or unique items).
Using method Filtering
Techniques: Collaborative
Filtering (CF).
Do not
require items
to be machine
analysable
Require little
knowledge
engineering
overhead.
14
2.7 Existing System
Table 2.2 : Existing System
No. Project Name Overview/Description Advantages
1. Sakae Sushi
iPad Ordering
System
Sakae Sushi Malaysia is a Japanese
Restaurant who has first launched
an iPad ordering system through an
interactive menu to offer customer
a new level of convenience and
interactivity ordering system.
The iPads are display at every table
on a metal holder.
This is a two-way communication
system which will send each
selected item directly goes to the
kitchen to process after
confirmation of customer then
customers are able
to continue choosing other items.
Customers are
able to search
their favourite
dish by typing
the specific
key words
and it will
show all the
items based
on the
specific key
words.
Provided a
real time
ordering and
billing
system.
Customers
able to keep
track on their
order and bill
easier
2. ChowNow
ChowNow is an online ordering
platform built for mobile and
Facebook.
Access
valuable data
for every
order's
15
To provide restaurants with an easy
way to offer online ordering to
customers via either their Facebook
page, branded mobile apps for
iPhone and iPad or their existing
web site.
ChowNow is offering restaurants a
wireless tablet to receive orders
and communicate back to the
customer when it will be ready.
receive and
get to know
customers
better than
ever.
Accept orders
and set ready
times through
Tablet. Use
Dashboard to
update menu
on the fly.
3. Yhofoodie
Yhofoodie is using a mobile scan
code order via android and ios
platform.
At present, we are operating a
systematic à la carte cafe.
The system will generate a separate
QR code for each table as a meal
window. Kitchen prints, service
messages, checkout orders, etc. are
all based on the table.
The restaurant also constantly
updates the menu so that customers
have new dishes from time to time.
All billed
billing
information is
saved in the
system for
easy inquiry
at any time.
This includes
viewing the
bill's revision
history,
operator
personnel,
operating
time, and
changing
bills.
The waiter
receives
customer's
order
16
information,
service bell
message and
more in time
through the
mobile phone.
17
2.8 Summary
Basically in this chapter several research have been done in order to have a deep
understanding of the method that is going to implement in proposed application. Besides a
review of related existing systems also have been done at this chapter. From the existing
system, we can have an idea of how the proposed application can be developed so that it is
functioning well and beneficial to all user.
18
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology is method used in develop a system and defined as a set of procedures.
This chapter will cover on methodology that used based on research that has been done. Hotel
Food Ordering Application using QR Code is using Agile methodology. This chapter will
fully explain to achieve the project's objectives that have been mention earlier in this research
report. Methodology is important part to make sure the system can be accomplished
successfully. This methodology has 6 phases which are Requirement Phase, Design Phase,
Development Phase, Testing Phase, Deployment Phase and Review Phase.
3.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY
Agile Methodology
Figure 3.1 : Agile Methodolgy
19
3.2.1 Requirement Phase
In this phase, the project title had been selected. The project title for the application
was Hotel Food Ordering Application using QR. This project started with brainstorming
ideas with supervisor and proposed the title of the project. An abstract and description of the
project module has also been done and attached. Besides, the Gantt chart also needed as a
guideline and references for the project. This phase is to analyse the existing application and
system also the article of the techniques or method that will be used for this project. In this
phase also get all the requirements that are needed to design and develop the new application.
Based on the collection of information through article, method and technique that is suitable
been decided.
3.2.2 Design Phase
In the design phase, all the data or requirement obtained during planning and analysis
phase transformed into the design. Diagrams to show the flow of the application will be
develop in this chapter such as Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level O
and 1, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). These diagrams are designed as a guideline to
developing the system. Alter that, will be design the database and application interface.
3.2.3 Development Phase
This phase is where the design will implement into the coding. The application will
develop regarding the user and system requirement. In this project, to develop the application
will be use Android Studio, server for the database, JSON Code to code. This phase is a
critical phase because user part needed to be fulfils and to make sure the objectives
accomplish.
20
3.2.4 Testing Phase
When all the module has be done as full application, the application testing has been
carried out. This testing phase will test the application to check the error and ensure the
function run well as a whole application. Any error or bugs will be fixed and repeated testing
the application until all the function can be used.
3.2.5 Deployment Phase
This phase is when the application has successfully done and fulfil all the objective.
The application can be deployed and finally the application will be publish to the user for use
as their need.
3.2.6 Review Phase
This phase also get feedback and review form user for the maintenance. In this phase
will follow-up with user to upgrade the application to another version in the future.
3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements
In this application development process, there are two requirement that need to be fulfilled
which are software requirement and hardware requirement. This is important to ensure the
development of the project went well and for future references.
21
3.3.1 Software Requirements
List of the software needed for the development:
Table 3.1 : Software requirements
No. Software Description
1. Android studio Used to code the program of the project. It
debugs and run, tests the application.
2. Notepad++ Used code the program, especially
connection application to database
3. Java, XML, PHP Programming language
4. Firebase Database Database for system
5. Microsoft word 2010 Use to do the documentation of application.
6. Google Chrome A browse to run
7. FIK Hosting (Php) This software used to create system
database application.
Programming language
22
3.3.2 Hardware Requirements
List of the software needed for the development:
Table 3.2 : Hardware requirements
No. Hardware Description
1. Laptop Acer
2. Processor Intel Core i3-4030U @ 1,90GHz
3. Memory 4 GB RAM
4. Operating System Windows 10
5. System Type 64-bit operating system
6. Pen Drive Orchid 8GB
7. Android Mobile Phone Used to run, deploy and testing
application.
Huawei
23
3.4 Architectural Diagram
Figure 3.2 : Architectural Diagram
Architectural diagram gave us a better understanding of how the application will
work. Firstly, guest that need to scan the QR code on the table of the room with their phone.
They can view the menu as soon as they have finished scan.
Secondly, the menu view and they can choose the meal they want and then click to
submit an order. The order they have made will be sent to the kitchen and will be view the
guest order has been received.
The kitchen will prepare the guest order. Lastly, the staff will be served the meal to
the guest room.
24
3.5 System Design and Modelling
3.5.1 Context Diagram
The figure show 3.3 the context diagram (CD) of the application. This CD describe
about overview of the system work. There are three entities involved that are guest, staff and
admin. The guest has to scan the QR Code to make an order. Then, the order will be sent
through to the kitchen.
While the staff site, after finished the order that will be sent to the guest room. The
admin have to manage the menu in the application. Admin can add menu, update menu and
delete menu.
Figure 3.3 : Context Diagram
25
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram
The figure shows 3.4 the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of application in more detail.
The application carried out of five processes. The core of this application in the fifth process.
The fifth process includes three entities which are guest, staff and admin. The ability of guest
only can make an order that has to scan the QR Code while staff and admin can update the
data beside know the process. The first process is log in for admin and staff. The second
process, admin can manage their menu and generate the QR Code for user scan QR Code to
make an order. The admin can manage their menu such as add, delete and update the menu.
Then, restore it to data menu. Fourth process, the guest need scan QR Code to make an order.
The order detail will be sent through to the kitchen for a view, while staff can get the order
detail to send the order to guest room. Lastly, the application will generate the report and
admin will retrieve all report from the application.
Figure 3.4 : Data Flow Diagram Level 0
26
3.5.2.1 DFD Level 1 Process 2.0
Based on figure 3.5, admin can manage menu. The menu detail will be stored in table
menu and it can be appear in the application for user to view. Admin also can add, update and
delete the menu detail.
Figure 3.5 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0
27
3.5.2.2 DFD Level 1 Process 3.0
Based on figure 3.6, admin can manage QR Code. The QR Code detail will be stored
in table QR Code and it can be appear in the application for user to scan. Admin also can add,
and delete the QR Code detail.
Figure 3.6 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0
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3.5.2.3 DFD Level 1 Process 4.0
Based on figure 3.7, the guest can make an order. The order detail will be stored in
table order. The guest can make an order and it will be send through to the kitchen. Guest
also can add, update and delete the order detail.
Figure 3.7 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0
29
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
The figure shows 3.8 the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) for this application. ERD is a
data modelling technique that can help define business processes and can be utilized as the
basis a relational database. In this application, the developer need to create six of entities
represented five tables into database. Each entity has their owned attributes shown in figure.
The relationship between entities explains the process that will carry out by every entity. This
entity relationship diagram also explains the data that needed to run application successfully.
The figure also shown the different role between guest, staff and admin in more detail.
Figure 3.8 : Entity Relationship Diagram
30
3.6 Data Dictionary
In this section, the basic structure of the tables composing the database for the project
is shown along with information about primary and foreign keys.
Table 3.3 shows admin have 4 attributes with Admin_ID as the primary key and QR
Code_ID as a foreign key.
Table of 3.3 : Table of Data Admin
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Admin
Name
Name of Admin VARCHAR 100
Admin_ID ID of Admin VARCHAR 10 PK
QR Code_ID Identification of
QR Code
VARCHAR 100 FK
Password
Password admin
to Login
VARCHAR 50
Table 3.4shows QR Code have one attributes with QR Code_ID as the primary key.
Table of 3.4 : Table of QR Code
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
QR Code
QR Code_ID Identification of
QR Code
TEXT 100 PK
Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 PK
31
Table 3.5 shows guest have one attributes with Room_ID as the primary key.
Table of 3.5 : Table of Data Guest
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Guest Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 PK
Table 3.6 shows staff have 5 attributes with Staff_ID as a primary key while Room_ID and
Order_ID as a foreign key.
Table of 3.6 : Table of Data Staff
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Staff
Name
Name of Staff VARCHAR 100
Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 PK
Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 FK
Password
Password staff
to Login
VARCHAR 50
Order_ID ID of Order VARCHAR 10 FK
32
Table 3.7 shows menu have 5 attributes with Menu_ID as the primary key and QR Code_ID
as a foreign key.
Table of 3.7 : Table of Data Menu
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Menu
Menu_ID
ID of Menu INT 10 PK
Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100
Category Category of
Menu
VARCHAR 100
Name
Name of Menu
VARCHAR 100
Table 3.8 shows order have 7 attributes with Order _ID as a primary key while Menu_ID and
Room_ID as a foreign key.
Table of 3.8 : Table of Data Order
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Order
Order_ID
ID of Order INT 10 PK
Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100
Type Type of Menu VARCHAR 100
Menu_ID
ID of Menu INT 10 FK
Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 FK
Date Date of Order
Submitted
DATE 50
Time Time of Order TIME 50
Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 FK
33
3.7 Summary
This chapter describe the methodology for development of the apps. Methodology is very
important in development. In this project, waterfall model software development method is
used as a guide to build the project. Each phase already explained for better understanding.
Besides, software and hardware requirements also explained in this chapter.
3.8 Gantt Cart
Gantt charts are user for planning and scheduling projects. Assess how long a project should
take determine the resources needed, and plan the order to complete tasks. Table 3.10 shows
a gantt chart for this project.
Table 3.9 : Gantt Cart
34
NO ACTIVITIES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Topic Discussion and Determination
2 Project Title Proposal
3 Proposal Writing – Introduction
4 Proposal Writing – Literature Review
5 Proposal Writing (Continued)
6 Proposal Progress Presentation and Panel’s Evaluation
7 Methodology Workshop
8 Proposal Writing - Methodology
9 Final Year Project Format Writing Workshop
10 Drafting Report of Proposal
11 Submit Draft of Report to Supervisor
12 Preparation for Final Presentation
13 Final Presentation and Panel’s Evaluation
14 Final Report Submission
WEEK
35
REFERENCES
[1]https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-
dec2015/paper1.pdf/
[2]http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/
[3]http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/
[4]https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-
for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/
[5]https://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHW
zR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5M
[6]John O’Donovan and John Dunnionv (2014). “A Framework for Evaluation of
Information Filtering Techniques in an Adaptive Recommender System”. Conference
Paper in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, August 2004, dol:10.1007978-3-540-
246305_62
https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-dec2015/paper1.pdf/https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-dec2015/paper1.pdf/http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHWzR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5Mhttps://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHWzR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5M