Hospital Management System

5/26/2018 Hospital Management System

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Hospital Management SystemRuby on Rails | Winter Training Project

NSIT

Rahul Singh | Rahul Raj

315/CO/11 | 314/CO/11


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Problem StatementHospital Management System provides the benefits of streamlinedoperations, enhanced administration & control, superior patient care,

strict cost control and improved profitability. HMS is powerful,

flexible, and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver

real conceivable benefits to hospitals. More importantly it is backed

by reliable and dependable support.

The project Hospital Management System is based on the database,

object oriented and networking techniques. As there are many areaswhere we keep the records in database for which we are using SQLite

software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our

information. This project uses Ruby on Rails as the front-end software

and has connectivity with SQLite.

Hospital Management System is custom built to meet the specific

requirement of the small size hospitals across the globe. All the

required modules and features have been particularly built to just fit

in to your requirement. Entire application is web based and built on 3

tier architecture using the latest technologies. The sound database of

the application makes it more users friendly and expandable. The

package is highly customizable and can be modified as per the needs

and requirements of our clients. Prolonged study of the

functionalities of the hospital and its specific requirement has given

it a wonderful shape both technically and usability wise. It covers

all the required modules right from Patient Registration,

Prescriptions, Doctor/Admin, Record modification, News etc.


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Problem Introduction

Lack of immediate retrievals:The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular

information. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time.

Lack of immediate information storage:

The information generated by various transactions takes time and

efforts to be stored at right place.

Lack of prompt updating:

Various changes to information like patient details are difficult to

make as paper work is involved.

Error prone manual calculation:

Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may

result in incorrect information.


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Scope of the Project1)Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients

name. Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored

freshly.

2)Patient Prescription is generally recorded on the document, whichcontains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time

period to decrease the paper load in the office.

3)Information about various diseases is not kept as any document.Doctors themselves do this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other

operational staff and lot of papers are needed to be handled and taken

care of. Doctors have to remember various medicines available for

diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they cant

remember them at that time.


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Software Requirement SpecificationHARDWARE CONFIGURATION

Processor : Core 2 duo processor

Memory : 4 GB RAM

Display : 15 LCD

Hard disk Drive : 500 GB

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

Operating System : Windows 8 Professional

Environment : Ruby

Database : SQLite

Server : WEBrick (Rails Server)


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Front End SoftwareRuby on Rails

Ruby on Rails, often simply Rails, is an open source web applicationframework which runs via the Ruby programming language. It is a full-

stack framework: it allows creating pages and applications that gatherinformation from the web server, talk to or query the database, andrender templates out of the box. As a result, Rails features a routing

system that is independent of the web server.

Ruby on Rails emphasizes the use of well-known software engineeringpatterns and principles, such as active record pattern, convention

over configuration (CoC), don't repeat yourself (DRY), and modelviewcontroller (MVC).

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for

describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup

language. While most often used to style web pages and interfaces

written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of

XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone

specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets

to describe their presentation.


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B CK END SoftwareRuby

Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purposeprogramming language. It supports multiple programming paradigms,

including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has adynamic type system and automatic memory management.

SQLite

SQLite is a relational database management system contained in a C

programming library. In contrast to other database management systems,

SQLite is not a separate process that is accessed from the client

application, but an integral part of it.

SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database for local/client

storage in application software such as web browsers. It is arguably

the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used today byseveral widespread browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems,

among others.SQLite has many bindings to programming languages.


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System DesignWhat is a Methodology?

Software engineering is carry out of using preferred procedure

techniques to progress the quality of a software development effort. A

methodology is defined as a collection of procedures, techniques,

tools, and documentation aids which will help developers in their

efforts (both product and process related activities) to implement a

new system. For successful implementation, a well-organized and

systematic approach is crucial. Therefore, several methodologies weredeveloped to encourage the systematic approach to planning, analysis,

design, testing and implementation. Methodologies offer various

tools and techniques to assist in analysis, design and testing

in terms of detailed design of software, data flowcharts and

database design.

Why Methodology?

1.To complete a project within time and budget with the expectedscope and quality we need methodologies which provide for a

framework.

2.Most methodologies have a general planning, developing andmanaging stages in common. They suggest the development team the

ways of thinking, learning and arriving at a regular feasible

solution.

To select an ideal methodology was based on project requirements and

goals.


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Functional Decomposition: The methodology should have stagesaccording to the interrelated activities which can be grouped

into different functional areas.

Requirement Changes: If required, methodology provides scope tochange the requirement.

Manage Risks: Determined the risk is an important activity todevelop a project.

Iterative approach: Iteration allows refinement of requirement aswell as design.

Documentation: Methodology provides support for largedocumentation.

Analysis and Design Support: A well defined structure of themethodology helps for analysis and designing to development

process..

Implementation: The system should be implemented as per plan. Testing Support: More testing, more reliable the product is. Object Oriented Approach: Object oriented concepts will be used

in developing the project as it supports component reusability.

Suitable Methodologies:

Waterfall Methodology:

All projects can be managed better when segmented into a hierarchy of

chunks such as phases, stages, activities, tasks and steps. It follows

a linear structure starting from requirement analysis, through design,

implementation and maintenance. Most widely accepted methodology for

student projects, this model has been well tried and tested. Each

phase of it has sub phases which produce deliverables. Requirements

are fixed at initial stages before proceeding with development plans


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in system development projects; the simplest rendition of this is

called the "waterfall" methodology, as shown in the following figure:

The graphic illustrates a few critical principles of a good

methodology:

Work is done in stages, Content reviews are conducted between stages, and Reviews represent quality gates and decision points for

continuing.

The waterfall provides an orderly sequence of development steps and

helps ensure the adequacy of documentation and design reviews to

ensure the quality, reliability, and maintainability of the developed

software. While almost everyone these days disparages the "waterfall

methodology" as being needlessly slow and cumbersome, it does

illustrate.


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Ruby on Rails FrameworkA framework is a program, set of programs, and/or code library that

writes most of your application for you. When you use a framework,

your job is to write the parts of the application that make it do the

specific things you want.

When you set out to write a Rails application, leaving aside

configuration and other housekeeping chores you have to perform three

primary tasks:

Describe and model your application's domain: The domain is the

universe of your application. The domain may be music store,

university, dating service, address book, or hardware inventory. So

here you to figure out what's in it, what entities exist in this

universe and how the items in it relate to each other. This is

equivalent to modeling database structure to keep the entities and

their relationship.

Specify what can happen in this domain: The domain model is static,

Now you have to get dynamic. Addresses can be added to an address

book. Musical scores can be purchased from music stores. Users can log

in to a dating service. Students can register for classes at a

university. You need to identify all the possible scenarios or actions

that the elements of your domain can participate in.

Choose and design the publicly available views of the domain: At this

point, you can start thinking in Web-browser terms. Once you've

decided that your domain has students, and that they can register for

classes, you can envision a welcome page, a registration page, and a


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confirmation page etc. Each of these pages, or views, shows the user

how things stand at certain point.

Based on the above three tasks, Ruby on Rails deals with a

Model/View/Controller (MVC) framework.


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Ruby on Rails MVC frameworkThe Model View Controller principle divides the work of an application

into three separate but closely cooperative subsystems.

Model (ActiveRecord) :

Maintains the relationship between Object and Database and handles

validation, association, transactions, and more.

This subsystem is implemented in ActiveRecord library which provides

an interface and binding between the tables in a relational database

and the Ruby program code that manipulates database records. Ruby

method names are automatically generated from the field names of

database tables, and so on.

View ( ActionView ) :

A presentation of data in a particular format, triggered by a

controller's decision to present the data. They are script based

templating systems like JSP, ASP, PHP and very easy to integrate with

AJAX technology.

This subsystem is implemented in ActionView library which is an

Embedded Ruby (ERb) based system for defining presentation templates

for data presentation. Every Web connection to a Rails application

results in the displaying of a view.

Controller ( ActionController ):

The facility within the application that directs traffic, on the one

hand querying the models for specific data, and on the other hand


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organizing that data (searching, sorting, massaging it) into a form

that fits the needs of a given view.

This subsystem is implemented in ActionController which is a data

broker sitting between ActiveRecord (the database interface) and

ActionView (the presentation engine).

Pictorial Representation of MVC Framework:

:


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Directory Representation of MVC Framework:

Assuming a standard, default installation over Linux, you can findthem like this:

tp> cd /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gemstp> ls

You will see subdirectories including (but not limited to) the

following:

actionpack-x.y.z activerecord-x.y.z rails-x.y.z

Over a windows installation you can find them link this:

C:\>cd ruby\lib\ruby\gems\1.8\gems

C:\ruby\lib\ruby\gems\1.8\gems\>dir

You will see subdirectories including (but not limited to) thefollowing:

actionpack-x.y.z activerecord-x.y.z rails-x.y.z

ActionView and ActionController are bundled together under ActionPack.

ActiveRecord provides a range of programming techniques and shortcutsfor manipulating data from an SQL database. ActionController and

ActionView provide facilities for manipulating and displaying thatdata. Rails ties it all together.

Documents

Hospital Management System