Hoover City Schools Secondary Curriculumimages.pcmac.org/Uploads/HooverCity/HooverCity... · 11 Acid Base Chemistry Chapters 14,15 ... 1 Classification of Matter Experiment 2 Physical

HCS Curriculum: Science 6 – 12 Chemistry, Pre-AP (High School)

Hoover City Schools Secondary Curriculum

Science, 2009-10

Course Information:

Course Title: Chemistry, Pre-AP

Grade Level: 10 – 12

Course Description: The Pre-AP Chemistry course is designed to prepare students for success in Advanced Placement science courses. In preparation for these courses, the Pre-AP Chemistry students will be required to complete formal lab reports and analyze specific data throughout the course. The course requires a more in depth study of chemical concepts. Students who take this course need to be independent learners, readers with very high ability to comprehend difficult concepts and scholars who wish to take at least two AP science courses during the rest of their high school career.

State COS Correlate: Chemistry Core

Calendar Type: Year

Pre-requisite: Biology and Algebra I

Co-requisite: Algebra II w/ Trigonometry

Fee: $25.00

Textbook Title: Modern Chemistry

Textbook Publisher: Holt

Textbook ISBN: ISBN 0-03-074547-5

Textbook Copy Year: 2006

Accountability Standards: None

LEA Curriculum Authors: M. Parker (Chair), R. Aust, D. Graber, B. Rosenstiel

Date of LEA Approval: Summer 2009

Topical Scope and Sequence:

Unit # 1st Nine Weeks Text Reference

1 Lab Safety, Process and Measurement Chapters 1,2

2 Properties of Matter Chapters 1

3 Structure of Atoms and the Periodic Table Chapters 3,4,5,22

4 Chemical Bonding Chapter 6

Unit # 2nd

Nine Weeks Text Reference

5 Organic Chemistry Chapter 22

6 Chemical Nomenclature & Empirical/Molecular Formulas

Chapter 7


Unit # 2nd


7 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8

Unit # 3rd


8 Reaction Stoichiometry Chapter 9

9 Kinetic Theory, Phases of Matter, Heating Curve, Gas Laws

Chapters 10,11,

10 Solutions - Colligative Properties and Concentration Expressions

Chapters 12,13

Unit # 4th


11 Acid Base Chemistry Chapters 14,15

12 Thermochemistry , Kinetics and Equilibrium Chapters 16,17,18

13 Oxidation - Reduction Chapter 19

Unit 1-Lab Safety, Process and Measurement

Essential Questions:

How is scientific knowledge discovered, verified and communicated?

Conceptual Connections:

Communication, Continuity, Innovation

Experimental Activities:

# Unit 1 Investigations Unit Obj

Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Reading and Constructing Graphs 1.5

1.6 Experiment

2 Significant Figures Activity

1.2

1.5

Inquiry

3 Accuracy and Precision 1.1

1.2 Experiment

4 Density 1.5

1.6 Inquiry

5 Measurement 1.2

1.5 Inquiry

Outcome-Based Objectives:

# Unit 1 Objectives Mastery Level (Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment Accountability

Alignment

1

Perform basic safety procedures in the

laboratory using appropriate

laboratory/safety equipment

Mastery NA NA



COS


Alignment

2

Use significant digits, scientific

notation, and SI units of measurement to

perform calculations

Mastery P-4 NA

3

Identify, list, and describe the

methodologies used by scientists to

conduct research.

Mastery

P-7

P-9

P-10

P-11

NA

4 Design and conduct controlled, inquiry-

based experiments. Mastery

P-1

P-2

P-4

P-5

P-6

P-7

P-9

P-10

P-11

NA

5 Collect, organize, analyze, and interpret

quantitative & qualitative data. Mastery

P-1

P-2

P-4

P-5

P-6

P-7

P-9

P-10

P-11

NA

6 Create and analyze data tables, bar

graphs, and line graphs. Mastery

P-2

P-4

P-6

P-7

P-10

P-11

NA

Unit 2-Properties of Matter


What is matter and how is it classified?


Organization, Order



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Classification of Matter Experiment

2 Physical and Chemical Properties Experiment



COS


Alignment

1 Differentiate among pure substances,

mixtures, elements and compounds Mastery

1

P-3

P-8

NA

2 Distinguish between intensive and

extensive properties of matter Introduction

1a

P-3

P-8

NA

3 Contrast properties of metals, nonmetals

and metalloids Review

1b

P-3

P-8

NA

4 Distinguish between homogeneous and

heterogeneous forms of matter Mastery

1c

P-3

P-8

NA

Unit 3-Structure of Atoms and the Periodic Table


How do we know that matter has structure and order?

How does the organization of periodic table reflect the structure of

matter?


Structure, Models, Organization



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Half-Life/Isotope Activity 3.5

3.6 Experiment

2 Flame Test/Atomic Spectrum

3.1

3.10

3.11

Experiment

3 Spectrophotometers- Introduction 3.10 Experiment

4 Periodic Trends

3.4

3.5

3.10

Activity




COS


Alignment

1 Compare and contrast the different

atomic models Introduction 3c NA

2

Utilize benchmark discoveries to

describe the historical development of

atomic structure and periodic table

Introduction 3c NA

3

Identify the characteristics of subatomic

particles, including meson, quarks,

tachyons and baryons

Review 9a NA

4 Distinguish between atomic number and

mass number Mastery 3b NA

5

Determine the number of protons,

neutrons and electrons in an atom, ion

and isotope

Mastery 3b NA

6 Calculate the half-life of radioactive

isotopes Mastery 9b NA

7 Identify types of radiation and their

properties Mastery 9c NA

8 Contrast between fission and fusion Mastery 9d NA

9 Describe uses and hazards of radioactive

isotopes (including carbon-14 dating) Introduction 9e NA

10

Identify periodic trends including atomic

radius, ionization energy,

electronegativity and energy levels

Mastery 3 NA

11

Draw and write electron configurations,

Lewis dot structures and orbital

notations of neutral atoms and ions

Mastery 3a NA

12 Assign Quantum numbers to specific

electrons Introduction

Unit 4-Chemical Bonding


How does matter interact on an atomic level?


Change, Systems, Symmetry




Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Intermolecular Forces & Evaporation 4.6 Experiment

2 Ionic versus Covalent Bonding

4.1

4.2

4.4

Experiment

3 Molecular Modeling/Geometry 4.5

4.7 Experiment



COS


Alignment

1 Describe the nature of a chemical bond Mastery NA NA

2 Compare and contrast ionic, covalent

and metallic bond Mastery NA NA

3

Apply the octet rule to draw structures

of simple molecules and polyatomic

ions

Mastery NA NA

4 Determine whether bonds are ionic,

polar covalent or non-polar covalent Mastery 6a NA

5 Predict molecular geometry of various

molecules. Mastery NA NA

6 Differentiate between the types of

intermolecular forces Mastery NA NA

7 Determine bond polarity and molecule

polarity. Mastery NA NA

Unit 5 – Organic Chemistry


How do scientists systematically name various types of organic substances


Classification, Organization, Form and Function



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Gas Chromatography of Alcohols – GC’s 5.8 Experiment

2 Manipulative Models

5.1

5.3

5.4

5.7

Inquiry




COS


Alignment

1

Explain how the structure and bonding

of carbon lead to the diversity and

number of organic compounds

Introduction 2 NA

2

Compare the use of molecular and

structural formulas to represent organic

compounds

Introduction 2 NA

3 Compare structural isomers of organic

compounds Introduction 2 NA

4

Distinguish among the structures for

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic

hydrocarbons

Mastery 2 NA

5

Write structural formulas and names for

alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, alcohols

and halogen derivatives.

Mastery 2 NA

6 Relate properties of different types of

hydrocarbons to their structures Introduction 2 NA

7 Define “functional group” and explain

why functional groups are important Introduction 2 NA

8

Identify the functional groups for

alcohols, alkyl halides, esters,

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids,

esters and amines.

Introduction 2 NA

Unit 6-Chemical Nomenclature


How do scientists systematically name various types of inorganic

substances?


Classification, Organization, Form and Function



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Ionic Bonding Manipulative/Models 6.1 Experiment

2 Percent of Water in a Hydrate 6.3 Experiment

3 Covalent Bonding/Lewis dot structure

Manipulative/Models

6.1

6.2 Experiment




COS


Alignment

1 Name ionic and molecular compounds

and acids from their formulas Mastery 6c NA

2 Predict formulas of ionic and molecular

compounds and acids from their names Mastery 6c NA

3

Determine empirical and molecular

formulas for a compound using percent

composition data

Mastery 6e NA

4

Assign oxidation numbers for individual

atoms of monatomic and polyatomic

ions

Introduction 6b NA

Unit7-Chemical Reactions


How does matter interact on a molecular level?


Balance, Systems, Symmetry



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Types of Reactions/Evidences of Chemical

Reactions – “Predicting the Products”

7.1

7.3

7.4

Experiment

2 Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter 7.2 Inquiry



COS


Alignment

1

Classify chemical reactions as

composition, decomposition, single

replacement, double replacement or

combustion

Mastery 6d NA

2

Apply Law of Conservation of

Mass/Matter by writing balanced

chemical equations

Mastery NA NA

3

Predict products of chemical reactions

given reactants for all 5 general types of

reactions

Introduction 6a NA



COS


Alignment

4

List evidences of chemical reactions to

include endothermic and exothermic

changes

Mastery 8 NA

5 Use the kinetic theory to explain

chemical reactions Introduction 5 NA

6 Identify factors that affect the rate of a

chemical reaction Introduction NA NA

Unit 8-Reaction Stoichiometry


How are the interactions of matter expressed quantitatively?


Ratio, Balance



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Mole and Mass Relationship 8.1

8.2 Experiment

2 Limiting Reagent/Reactant - Qualitative 8.3 Experiment

3 Limiting Reagent/Reactant - Quantitative 8.3 Experiment



COS


Alignment

1 Calculate the formula mass and molar

mass of any given compound Mastery NA NA

2

Solve stoichiometric problems involving

relationships among number of particles,

moles and masses of reactants and

products of a chemical reaction

Mastery 6 NA

3

Solve stoichiometric problems involving

limiting reactants, excess reactants and

percent yield

Mastery 6 NA

Unit 9-Kinetic Theory, Gas Laws and Phases of Matter


How does the motion of matter affect its properties?



Models, Order, Time



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Gas Laws – Boyle’s Law 9.2 Experiment

Gas Laws – Combined Gas Law

Stoichiometry

9.2

Experiment

2 Phase Changes

9.1

9.4

9.5

Experiment



COS


Alignment

1 Use the kinetic theory to explain the

states of matter and phase changes Mastery 5 NA

2

Explain the behavior of gases in terms of

pressure, volume, temperature and

number of particles using Charles’ Law,

Boyle’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, the

combined gas law and the ideal gas law

Mastery 7 NA

3

Apply stoichiometric principles to

calculate the amount of gas produced in

a chemical reaction to include STP

conditions

Mastery 6 NA

4

Distinguish among endothermic and

exothermic physical changes in terms of

phase changes

Mastery 8 NA

5 Interpret the features of heating curves

and phase change diagrams. Mastery NA NA

Unit 10-Solutions – Colligative and Concentration


How do the properties of solutions differ from other classifications of

matter?


Measurement, Systems, Evidence




Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Properties of Solutions

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

Experiment

2 Colligative Properties – “Freezing point

depression and Ice cream”

10.1

10.5 Experiment



COS


Alignment

1

Describe solubility in terms of energy

changes associated with the solution

process

Introduction 4 NA

2 Use solubility curves to interpret

saturation levels Mastery 4a NA

3 Explain the conductivity of electrolytic

solutions Introduction 4b NA

4 Describe factors that affect the rate of

solution Introduction 4d NA

5

Solve problems involving molarity and

molality to include solution preparation,

dilution and colligative properties

Mastery 4e NA

6 Use the kinetic theory to explain

solubility Mastery 5 NA

7

Write ionic equations and net ionic

equations for precipitation reactions in

aqueous solutions

Introduction NA NA

Unit 11-Acid Base Chemistry


How are substances classified as acids and bases?


Function, Strength, Taste




Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 pH/Acid Base Titration

11.1

11.3

11.4

Experiment

2 Properties of Acids and Bases 11.1

11.2 Inquiry



COS


Alignment

1

Describe acids and bases in terms of

strength, concentration, pH and

neutralization reactions

Mastery 4c NA

2 Compare and contrast the three theories

of acids and bases Introduction NA NA

3

Calculate pH using the concepts of pH

scale and ion-product constant of water

(Kw)

Mastery NA NA

4 Calculate an unknown concentration

based on a titration Mastery NA NA

Unit 12-Thermochemistry, Kinetics and Equilibrium


What is energy and how does it relate to changes in matter?


Change, Power, Expansion



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions 12.2

12.3 Experiment

2 LeChâtelier’s Principle/Equilibrium 12.10 Experiment

3 Kinetics/Rate of Reaction 12.5 Demo

4 Reaction Rates “Sulfur Clock” 12.5 Experiment

5 Calorimetry – Specific Heat 12.9

Experiment




COS


Alignment

1

Explain the conditions required for a

spontaneous reaction (enthalpy and

entropy)

Introduction NA NA

2 Solve problems involving enthalpies of

reaction, formation and combustion Introduction NA NA

3 Explain energy hill diagrams Mastery NA NA

4 Define catalyst and discuss two different

types Introduction NA NA

5 Explain and write rate laws Introduction NA NA

6 Explain the nature of the equilibrium

constant Introduction NA NA

7 Distinguish among energy, heat and

temperature Review NA NA

8

Calculate the quantity of heat absorbed

or released during temperature and

phase changes

Mastery 8a NA

9 Calculate the specific heat using a

change in temperature Mastery 8a NA

10

Use LeChâtelier’s principle to explain

changes in physical and chemical

equilibrium

Mastery 8b NA

11

Calculate the energy involved in phase

changes involved throughout the whole

heating curve.

Mastery 5 NA

12 Investigate and calculate information

related to calorimetry Mastery 8a NA

13

Write chemical equilibrium expressions

and carry out calculations with the

expressions.

Review NA NA

Unit 13- Oxidation -Reduction

Essential Questions: What is oxidation-reduction and how does matter interact on

a subatomic level.


Balance and systems



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Oxidation of copper pennies by nitric acid 13.1 Experiment/Demo



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

13.2

2 Galvanic Cell 13.1

13.2 Demo



COS


Alignment

1 Assign oxidation numbers to reactant

and product species Introduction NA NA

2 Define oxidation and reduction Mastery NA NA

3 Explain what an oxidation reduction

reaction (redox) involves. Mastery NA NA

4 Explain that charge is conserved in

redox equations Introduction NA NA

5 Balance redox equations by using the

half-reaction method Introduction NA NA

Alabama Course of Study Correlation: Science

COS Title Chemistry Core Bulletin 2005, No.

20

Std.

# COS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

CONTENT STANDARDS

1

Differentiate among pure substances, mixtures, elements, and

compounds. 2.1

a) Distinguishing between intensive and extensive

properties of matter 2.2

b) Contrasting properties of metals, nonmetals, and

metalloids 2.3

c) Distinguishing between homogeneous and

heterogeneous forms of matter 2.4

2 Describe the structure of carbon chains, branched chains, and

rings. 5.1

3

Use the periodic table to identify periodic trends, including

atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, and energy

levels.

3.10

a) Utilizing electron configurations, Lewis dot structures,

and orbital notations to write chemical formulas 3.11

b) Calculating the number of protons, neutrons, and

electrons in an isotope

3.4

3.5

c) Utilizing benchmark discoveries to describe the 3.1



20

Std.

# COS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

historical development of atomic structure, including

photoelectric effect, absorption, and emission spectra

of elements (Example: Thompson’s cathode ray,

Rutherford’s gold foil, Millikan’s oil drop, and Bohr’s

bright line spectra experiments)

3.2

4

Describe solubility in terms of energy changes associated with

the solution process. 10.1

a) Using solubility curves to interpret saturation levels 10.2

b) Explaining the conductivity of electrolytic solutions 10.3

c) Describing acids and bases in terms of strength,

concentration, pH, and neutralization reactions 11.1

d) Describing factors that affect the rate of solution 10.4

e) Solving problems involving molarity, including

solution preparation and dilution 10.5

5

Use the kinetic theory to explain states of matter, phase

changes, solubility, and chemical reactions. (Example: water

at 25 degrees Celsius remains in the liquid state because of the

strong attraction between water molecules while kinetic

energy allows the sliding of molecules past one another)

7.5

9.1

10.6

6

Solve stoichiometric problems involving relationships among

the number of particles, moles, and masses of reactants and

products in a chemical reaction.

8.2

8.3

8.3

a) Predicting ionic and covalent bond types and products

given known reactants

4.4

7.3

b) Assigning oxidation numbers for individual atoms of

monatomic and polyatomic ions

6.4

13.1

c) Identifying the nomenclature of ionic compounds,

binary compounds, and acids

6.1

6.2

d) Classifying chemical reactions as composition,

decomposition, single replacement, or double

replacement

7.1

e) Determining empirical or molecular formulas for a

compound using percent composition data 6.3

7

Explain behavior of ideal gases in terms of pressure, volume,

temperature, and number of particles using Charles’s law,

Boyle’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, the combined gas law, and the

ideal gas law.

9.2

8

Distinguish among endothermic and exothermic physical and

chemical changes. (Examples: endothermic physical—phase

change from ice to water, endothermic chemical- reaction

between citric acid solution and baking soda, exothermic

physical- phase change from water vapor to water, exothermic

7.4

9.4



20

Std.

# COS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

chemical- formation of water from combustion of hydrogen

and oxygen)

a) Calculating temperature change by using specific heat 12.9

b) Using Le Châtelier’s principle to explain changes in

physical and chemical equilibrium 12.10

9

Distinguish between chemical and nuclear reactions. 3.3

3.6-9

a) Identifying atomic and subatomic particles, including

mesons, quarks, tachyons, and baryons 3.3

b) Calculating the half-life of selective radioactive

isotopes 3.6

c) Identifying types of radiation and their properties 3.7

d) Contrasting fission and fusion 3.8

e) Describing carbon-14 decay as a dating method 3.9

PROCESS AND APPLICATION STANDARDS

P-1 Observing: Using one or more of the senses to gather

information about one’s environment

1.4

1.5

P-2

Communicating: Conveying oral or written information

verbally as well as visually through models, tables, charts, and

graphs

1.4

1.5

1.6

P-3 Classifying: Utilizing simple groupings of objects or events

based on common properties

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

P-4 Measuring: Using appropriate metric units for measuring

length, volume, and mass

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

P-5

Predicting: Proposing possible results or outcomes of future

events based on observations and inferences drawn from

previous events

1.4

1.5

P-6 Inferring: Constructing an interpretation or explanation based

on information gathered

1.4

1.5

1.6

P-7

Controlling Variables: Recognizing the many factors that

affect the outcome of events and understanding their

relationships to each other whereby one factor (variable) can

be manipulated while others are controlled

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

P-8 Defining Operationally: Stating definitions of objects or

events based on observable characteristics

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4



20

Std.

# COS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

P-9 Formulating Hypotheses: Making predictions of future

events based on manipulation of variables

1.3

1.4

1.5

P-10

Experimenting (Controlled): Conducting scientific

investigations systematically, including identifying and

framing the question carefully, forming a hypothesis,

managing variables effectively, developing a logical

experimental procedure, recording and analyzing data, and

presenting conclusions based on investigation and previous

research

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

P-11 Analyzing Data: Using collected data to accept or reject

hypotheses

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

EXPLORE / PLAN / ACT Standards for Transition Correlation: Science

Std.

#

Score

Range EPAS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

1

13 to 15

Select a single piece of textual (non-numerical)

information from a table

2 Select the highest/lowest value from a specified

column or row in a table

3 Select a single data point from a simple table, graph,

or diagram

4

16 to 19

Select data from a simple table, graph, or diagram

(e.g., a table or graph with two or three variables; a

food web)

5 Identify basic features from a table or graph (e.g.,

headings, units of measurement, axis labels)

6 Understand basic scientific terminology

7 Find basic information in a brief body of text

8 Identify a direct relationship between variables in a

simple table, graph, or diagram

9

20 to 23

Compare data from a simple table, graph, or diagram

10 Determine whether a relationship exists between two

variables

11 Identify an inverse relationship between variables in

a simple table, graph, or diagram

12 Translate information (data or text) into graphic form

13 Select data from a complex table, graph, or diagram


Std.

#

Score

Range EPAS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

(e.g., a table or graph with more than three variables)

14 Understand simple lab procedures

15 Identify the control in an experiment

16

24 to 27

Compare data from a complex table, graph, or

diagram

1.5

1.6

17 Interpolate between data points in a table or graph 1.5

1.6

18 Identify or use a simple mathematical relationship

that exists between data

1.2

1.5

1.6

19 Identify a direct or inverse relationship between

variables in a complex table, graph, or diagram

1.5

1.6

20 Compare or combine data from two simple data sets 1.5

1.6

21 Combine new, simple information (data or text) with

given information (data or text)

1.5

1.6

22 Understand moderately complex lab procedures

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.6

23 Understand simple experimental designs

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.6

24

Select a simple hypothesis, prediction, or conclusion

that is supported by one or more data sets or

viewpoints

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

25 Identify strengths and weaknesses in one or more

viewpoints 1.3

26 Identify similarities and differences in two or more

viewpoints 1.3

27 Identify key issues or assumptions in an argument or

viewpoint 1.3

28 Determine whether new information supports or

weakens a viewpoint or hypothesis

1.3

1.5

1.6

29

28 - 32

Identify or use a complex mathematical relationship

that exists between data

30 Extrapolate from data points in a table or graph

31 Compare or combine given text with data from

tables, graphs, or diagrams


Std.

#

Score

Range EPAS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

32 Understand complex lab procedures

33 Determine the hypothesis for an experiment

34 Understand moderately complex experimental

designs

35 Identify an alternate method for testing a hypothesis

36

Select a complex hypothesis, prediction, or

conclusion that is supported by a data set or

viewpoint

37 Select a set of data or a viewpoint that supports or

contradicts a hypothesis, prediction, or conclusion

38 Predict the most likely or least likely result based on

a given viewpoint

39

33 - 36

Compare or combine data from two complex data

sets

40 Combine new, complex information (data or text)

with given information (data or text)

41 Understand precision and accuracy issues

42

Predict how modifying an experiment or study

(adding a new trial or changing a variable) will affect

results

43

Identify new information that could be collected from

a new experiment or by modifying an existing

experiment

44

Select a complex hypothesis, prediction, or

conclusion that is supported by two or more data sets

or viewpoints

45 Determine why given information (data or text)

supports or contradicts a hypothesis or conclusion

Documents

Hoover City Schools Secondary Curriculumimages.pcmac.org/Uploads/HooverCity/HooverCity... · 11 Acid Base Chemistry Chapters 14,15 ... 1 Classification of Matter Experiment 2 Physical