HCS Secondary Curriculum Documentimages.pcmac.org/Uploads/HooverCity/HooverCity... · Grade Level: 12 Course Description: This course is the second of a two -year sequence designed

HCS Curriculum: Science 6 – 12 IB Biology, 12th grade

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Hoover City Schools Secondary Curriculum Science, 2006-07

Course Information:

Course Title: Biology 12, IB Grade Level: 12

Course Description: This course is the second of a two-year sequence designed to meet the requirements for an IB Diploma and includes the study of many of the topics of the first year course but in greater depth and detail. The depth of coverage is comparable to the first-year biology course offered at most major universities. Students will engage in a variety of laboratory experiences to introduce, review and reinforce understanding of biological concepts as well as meet the requirements of the Internal Assessment criteria of the International Baccalaureate Diploma. In addition, IB Biology 12 students will join the rest of the 12 grade IB students in completing the Group IV Project. This is a multi-disciplinary research project that all IB students must complete in which they will select a project, gather data, form conclusions, and present their results.

State COS Correlate: None Calendar Type: Year

Pre-requisite: Biology, IB 11 Co-requisite: None

Textbook Title: Biology (AP Edition) Textbook Publisher: Prentice Hall

Textbook ISBN: 0-8053-6777-2 Textbook Copy Year: 2005, 7th ed

Accountability Standards: None LEA Curriculum Authors: Bill Woodruff

Date of LEA Approval: Spring 2006

Topical Scope and Sequence:

Unit # 1st Nine Weeks

1 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

2 Genetics

3 Human Reproduction

4 Defense Against Infectious Disease


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Unit # 1st Nine Weeks

5 Nerves, Muscles and Movement

Unit # 2nd

Nine Weeks

6 Excretion

7 Hormonal control

8 Digestion

9 Transport and Gas Exchange

Unit # 3rd

Nine Weeks

10 Ecology of Species

11 Ecology of Communities

12 Biodiversity and Conservation

Unit # 4th

Nine Weeks

13 The Nitrogen Cycle

14 Impacts of Humans on Ecosystems

Units and Outcome-Based Objectives:

Unit 1- Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Essential Questions:

What are the processes by which cells store and pass on genetic information?

What are the processes involved in converting genetic information into

functional proteins?

Conceptual Connections:

Information transfer

Form and Function

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation

Experimental Activities:

# Unit 1 Investigations Unit Obj

Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Chromosome packing investigation

1.1

1.2

1.3

Experiment

2 Protein configuration exploration 1.20

1.21 Experiment


Page 3 of 23


Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1.22

3 Enzyme action simulation

1.24

1.25

1.27

1.28

Experiment

Outcome-Based Objectives:

# Unit 1 Objectives Mastery Level

(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Outline the structure of Nucleosomes. Introduction NA NA

2

State that only a small proportion of the

DNA in the nucleus constitutes genes

and that the majority of DNA consists of

repetitive sequences.

Introduction NA NA

3

Describe the structure of DNA including

the antiparallel strands, 3´–5´ linkages

and hydrogen bonding between purines

and pyrimidines.

Mastery NA NA

4 State that DNA replication occurs in a 5´

3´ direction. Introduction NA NA

5

Explain the process of DNA replication

in eukaryotes including the role of

enzymes (helicase, DNA polymerase III,

RNA primase, DNA polymerase I and

DNA ligase), Okazaki fragments and

deoxynucleoside triphosphates.

Mastery NA NA

6 State that in eukaryotic chromosomes,

replication is initiated at many points. Introduction NA NA

7 State that transcription is carried out in a

5´3´ direction. Introduction NA NA

8

Outline the lac operon model as an

example of the control of gene

expression in prokaryotes.

Mastery NA NA

9

Explain the process of transcription in

eukaryotes including the role of the

promoter region, RNA polymerase,

nucleoside triphosphates and the

terminator.

Mastery NA NA

10 Distinguish between the sense and

antisense strands of DNA. Introduction NA NA

11

State that eukaryotic RNA needs the

removal of introns to form mature

mRNA.

Introduction NA NA


Page 4 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

12 State that reverse transcriptase catalyses

the production of DNA from RNA. Introduction NA NA

13 Explain how reverse transcriptase is

used in molecular biology. Introduction NA NA

14

Explain how the structure of tRNA

allows recognition by a tRNA-activating

enzyme that binds a specific amino acid

to tRNA, using ATP for energy.

Mastery NA NA

15

Outline the structure of ribosomes

including protein and RNA composition,

large and small subunits, two tRNA

binding sites and mRNA binding sites.

Mastery NA NA

16 State that translation consists of

initiation, elongation and termination. Introduction NA NA

17 State that translation occurs in a 5´ 3´

direction. Introduction NA NA

18

Explain the process of translation

including ribosomes, polysomes, start

codons and stop codons.

Mastery NA NA

19

State that free ribosomes synthesize

proteins for use primarily within the cell

and that bound ribosomes synthesize

proteins primarily for secretion or for

lysosomes.

Introduction NA NA

20

Explain the four levels of protein

structure, indicating each level’s

significance.

Mastery NA NA

21

Outline the difference between fibrous

and globular proteins, with reference to

two examples of each protein type.

Introduction NA NA

22 Explain the significance of polar and

non-polar amino acids. Review NA NA

23 State six functions of proteins, giving a

named example of each. Review NA NA

24

State that metabolic pathways consist of

chains and cycles of enzyme catalysed

reactions.

Introduction NA NA

25 Describe the induced fit model. Introduction NA NA

26

Explain that enzymes lower the

activation energy of the chemical

reactions that they catalyse.

Introduction NA NA

27

Explain the difference between

competitive and non-competitive

inhibition, with reference to one

Introduction NA NA


Page 5 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

example of each.

28

Explain the role of allostery in the

control of metabolic pathways by end-

product inhibition.

Mastery NA NA

Unit 2- Genetics


What mechanisms account for the unity and diversity of living things?

How do scientists determine the acceptability of a hypothesis?


Inheritance

Form and Function

Reproduction

Diversity

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Chi-square investigation 2.9 Experiment

2 Chromosome linkage mapping

2.12

2.13

2.14

Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Describe the behaviour of the

chromosomes in the phases of meiosis. Mastery NA NA

2 Outline the process of crossing over and

the formation of chiasmata. Review NA NA

3

Explain how meiosis results in an

effectively infinite genetic variety in

gametes through crossing over in

prophase I and random orientation in

metaphase I.

Mastery NA NA

4 Define recombination. Introduction NA NA


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(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

5 State Mendel’s law of independent

assortment. Introduction NA NA

6

Explain the relationship between

Mendel’s law of independent assortment

and meiosis.

Review NA NA

7

Calculate and predict the genotypic and

phenotypic ratios of offspring of

dihybrid crosses involving unlinked

autosomal genes.

Review NA NA

8 Identify which of the offspring in

dihybrid crosses are recombinants. Introduction NA NA

9

Outline the use of the chi-squared test in

analysing monohybrid and dihybrid

crosses using given values.

Introduction NA NA

10 State the difference between autosomes

and sex chromosomes. Introduction NA NA

11

Explain how crossing over in prophase I

(between non-sister chromatids of a

homologous pair) can result in an

exchange of alleles.

Review NA NA

12 Define linkage group. Introduction NA NA

13 Explain an example of a cross between

two linked genes. Introduction NA NA

14 Identify which of the offspring in such

dihybrid crosses are recombinants. Review NA NA

15 Define polygenic inheritance. Introduction NA NA

16

Explain that polygenic inheritance can

contribute to continuous variation using

two examples. One example must be

human skin color.

Introduction NA NA

Unit 3- Human Reproduction


What processes are involved in producing human offspring?


Reproduction

Form and Function

Diversity

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation


Page 7 of 23



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Testis and ovary investigation

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.6

Experiment

2 Gametogenesis comparison 3.8 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Draw the structure of testis tissue as

seen using a light microscope. Mastery NA NA

2

Outline the processes involved in

spermatogenesis including mitosis, cell

growth, the two divisions of meiosis and

cell differentiation.

Mastery NA NA

3

Outline the origin and the role of the

hormones FSH, testosterone and LH in

spermatogenesis.

Introduction NA NA

4 Draw the structure of the ovary as seen

using a light microscope. Mastery NA NA

5

Outline the processes involved in

oogenesis including mitosis, cell growth,

the two divisions of meiosis, the unequal

division of cytoplasm and the

degeneration of polar bodies.

Mastery NA NA

6 Draw the structure of a mature sperm

and egg. Mastery NA NA

7

Outline the role of the epididymis,

seminal vesicle and prostate gland in the

production of semen.

Introduction NA NA

8

Compare the processes of

spermatogenesis and oogenesis

including the number of gametes and the

timing of the formation and release of

gametes.

Review NA NA

9

Describe the process of fertilization

including the acrosome reaction,

penetration of the egg membrane by a

sperm and the cortical reaction.

Introduction NA NA


Page 8 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

10

Outline the role of human chorionic

gonadotrophin (HCG) in early

pregnancy.

Introduction NA NA

11

Describe the structure and functions of

the placenta including its hormonal role

in the maintenance of pregnancy

(secretion of estrogen and progesterone).

Mastery NA NA

Unit 4- Defense Against Infectious Diseases


What structures and processes are involved in the immune response?


Identity

Form and Function

Continuity

Diversity

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Antibody generation simulation 4.4 Experiment

2 Vaccine production exploration 4.7

4.8 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Describe the process of clotting. Introduction NA NA

2

Outline the principle of challenge and

response, clonal selection and memory

cells as the basis of immunity.

Mastery NA NA

3

Define active immunity, passive

immunity, natural immunity and

artificial immunity.

Introduction NA NA

4 Explain antibody production. Mastery NA NA

5 State that cytotoxic T-cells destroy Introduction NA NA


Page 9 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

cancer cells and body cells infected with

viruses.

6

Describe the production of monoclonal

antibodies; one use of them in diagnosis

and one use in treatment.

Mastery NA NA

7 Outline the principle of vaccination. Introduction NA NA

8

Discuss the benefits and dangers of

vaccination against bacterial and viral

infection, including the MMR vaccine

(combined measles/mumps/rubella) and

two other examples.

Review NA NA

Unit 5- Nerves, Muscles and Movement


What structures and processes are involved in animal movement and response

to stimulus?


Movement

Reaction

Form and Function

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Locomotion exploration 5.6

5.7 Experiment

2 Bones as levers inquiry 5.7 Inquiry



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

Outline the general organization of the

human nervous system including the

CNS (brain and spinal cord) and the

PNS (nerves).

Introduction NA NA


Page 10 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

2 Draw the structure of a motor neuron. Mastery NA NA

3 Define resting potential and action

potential. Introduction NA NA

4 Explain how a nerve impulse passes

along a non-myelinated neuron (axon). Mastery NA NA

5 Explain the principles of synaptic

transmission. Mastery NA NA

6

Outline the great diversity of locomotion

in the animal kingdom as exemplified by

movement in an earthworm, swimming

in a bony fish, flying in a bird and

walking in an arthropod.

Review NA NA

7

Describe the roles of nerves, muscles

and bones in producing movement or

locomotion.

Introduction NA NA

8 Draw a diagram of the human elbow

joint. Mastery NA NA

9 Outline the functions of the structures of

the human elbow joint. Introduction NA NA

10 Draw the structure of skeletal muscle

fibres as seen in electron micrographs. Mastery NA NA

11 Explain how skeletal muscle contracts

by the sliding of filaments. Mastery NA NA

Unit 6- Excretion


What processes and structures are involved in maintenance of osmotic balance

and removal of wastes?


Balance

Form and Function

Cycling

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Urinalysis investigation 6.6 Experiment


Page 11 of 23


Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

6.7

6.8

2 Loop of Henle simulation 6.9 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Outline the need for excretion in all

living organisms. Introduction NA NA

2

State that excretory products in plants

include oxygen, and in animals they

include carbon dioxide and nitrogenous

compounds.

Introduction NA NA

3

Discuss the relationship between the

different nitrogenous waste products and

habitat in mammals, birds and

freshwater fish.

Review NA NA

4 Draw the structure of the kidney. Mastery NA NA

5 Draw the structure of a glomerulus and

associated nephron. Mastery NA NA

6

Explain the process of ultrafiltration

including blood pressure, fenestrated

blood capillaries and basement

membrane.

Mastery NA NA

7 Define osmoregulation. Introduction NA NA

8

Explain the reabsorption of glucose,

water and salts in the proximal

convoluted tubule, including the roles of

microvilli, osmosis and active transport.

Review NA NA

9

Explain the roles of the loop of Henlé,

medulla, collecting duct and ADH in

maintaining the water balance of the

blood.

Mastery NA NA

10

Compare the composition of blood in

the renal artery and renal vein, and

compare the composition of glomerular

filtrate and urine.

Review NA NA

11 Outline the structure and action of

kidney dialysis machines. Introduction

Unit 7- Hormonal Control


Page 12 of 23


What are the mechanisms by which animals communicate internally?


Communication

Form and Function

Transport

Negative feedback

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Steroid solubility 7.2

7.3 Demonstration

2 Thirst response lab 7.6 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

State that hormones are chemical

messengers secreted by endocrine

glands into the blood and transported by

the blood to specific target cells.

Introduction NA NA

2

State that hormones can be steroids,

peptides and tyrosine derivatives, and

provide one example of each.

Introduction NA NA

3

Distinguish between the mode of action

of steroid hormones and peptide

hormones.

Mastery NA NA

4 Draw a diagram of the hypothalamus

and the pituitary gland. Mastery NA NA

5 Explain the control of thyroxin secretion

by negative feedback. Review NA NA

6 Explain the control of ADH secretion by

negative feedback. Review NA NA

Unit 8- Digestion



Page 13 of 23

What must animals do in order to convert food into the molecular components

needed for their functions?


Nutrition

Form and Function

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Action of amylase investigation 8.1

8.2 Experiment

2 Exocrine gland structure exploration 8.2

8.3 Experiment

3 Digestion inquiry

8.1

8.4

8.6

Inquiry



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

State that digestive juices are secreted

into the alimentary canal by glands

including salivary, stomach wall,

pancreas and wall of small intestine.

Introduction NA NA

2

Draw the structural features of exocrine

glands including secretory cells grouped

into acini and ducts.

Mastery NA NA

3

Explain the structural features of

exocrine gland cells as seen in electron

micrographs.

Mastery NA NA

4 State the contents of saliva, gastric juice

and pancreatic juice. Introduction NA NA

5 Outline the control of digestive juice

secretion by nerves and hormones. Review NA NA

6

Outline the role of membrane-bound

enzymes in the surface cells of the small

intestine in completing digestion.

Review NA NA

7 Explain why cellulose remains

undigested in the human alimentary Review NA NA


Page 14 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

canal.

8

Explain why pepsin and trypsin are

initially synthesized as inactive

precursors, and how they are

subsequently activated.

Review NA NA

9 Outline the action of endopeptidases and

exopeptidases. Introduction NA NA

10

Explain the problem of lipid digestion in

a hydrophilic medium and the role of

bile in overcoming this problem.

Review NA NA

11

Draw a portion of the ileum (in

transverse section) as seen under a light

microscope.

Mastery NA NA

12

Explain the structural features of an

epithelium cell of a villus as seen in

electron micrographs including

microvilli, mitochondria, pinocytotic

vesicles and tight junctions

Mastery NA NA

13

Explain the mechanisms used by the

ileum to absorb and transport food,

including facilitated diffusion, active

transport and endocytosis

Mastery NA NA

14 List the materials that are not absorbed

and are egested. Introduction NA NA

15

Outline the circulation of blood through

liver tissue including the hepatic artery,

hepatic portal vein, sinusoids and

hepatic vein.

Review NA NA

16 Explain the need for the liver to regulate

levels of nutrients in the blood. Review NA NA

17

Outline the role of the liver in the

storage of nutrients including

carbohydrate, iron, retinol and calciferol.

Review NA NA

18 Describe the process of bile secretion. Introduction NA NA

19

Describe the process of erythrocyte and

hemoglobin breakdown in the liver

including phagocytosis, digestion of

globin and bile pigment formation.

Mastery NA NA

20 State that the live synthesizes plasma

proteins and cholesterol. Introduction NA NA

Unit 9- Transport and Gas Exchange


Page 15 of 23


What structures and processes are involved in providing needed materials to

and removing waste materials from individual animal cells?


Interdependence

Form and Function

Cycling

Energy

Balance

Negative feedback

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Electrocardiogram lab

9.1

9.2

9.3

Experiment

2 Cardiovascular fitness assessment

9.1

9.3

9.4

9.5

Experiment

3 Oxygen dissociation curve analysis

9.8

9.9

9.10

9.11

9.12

Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

Explain the events of the cardiac cycle

including atrial and ventricular systole

and diastole, and heart sounds.

Review NA NA

2

Analyse data showing pressure and

volume changes in the left atrium, left

ventricle and the aorta, during the

cardiac cycle.

Mastery NA NA

3

Outline the mechanisms that control the

heartbeat including the SA (sinoatrial)

node, AV (atrioventricular) node and

Mastery NA NA


Page 16 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

conducting fibres in the ventricular

walls.

4 Outline atherosclerosis and the causes of

coronary thrombosis. Introduciton NA NA

5 Discuss factors which affect the

occurance of coronary heart disease. Review NA NA

6 Outline how tissue fluid and lymph are

formed in body tissue. Introduction NA NA

7 Outline the transport functions of the

lymphatic system. Introduction NA NA

8 Define partial pressure. Introduction NA NA

9

Explain the oxygen dissociation curves

of adult and fetal hemoglobin and

myoglobin.

Mastery NA NA

10

Describe how carbon dioxide is carried

by the blood, including the action of

carbonic anhydrase, the chloride shift

and buffering by plasma proteins.

Mastery NA NA

11 Explain the role of the Bohr shift in the

supply of oxygen to respiring tissues. Mastery NA NA

12 Explain how and why ventilation rate

varies with exercise. Review NA NA

13

Outline the possible causes of lung

cancer and asthma and their effects on

the gas exchange system.

Review NA NA

14

Explain the problem of gas exchange at

high altitudes and the way the body

acclimatizes.

Review NA NA

Unit 10- Ecology of Species


What accounts for the distribution of plant and animal species in an ecosystem?


Change

Interdependence

Form and Function

Cycling

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation


Page 17 of 23



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Plant distribution analysis 10.1 Experiment

2 Macroinvertebrate assay 10.2 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

Outline the factors that affect the

distribution of plant species including

temperature, water, light, soil pH,

salinity and mineral nutrients.

Review NA NA

2

Explain the factors that affect the

distribution of animal species including

temperature, water, breeding sites, food

supply and territory.

Review NA NA

3

Deduce the significance of the

difference between two sets of data

using calculated values for t and the

appropriate tables.

Introduction NA NA

4

Explain what is meant by the niche

concept, including an organism’s spatial

habitat, its feeding activities and its

interactions with other organisms.

Mastery NA NA

5 Explain the principle of competitive

exclusion. Mastery NA NA

Unit 11- Ecology of Communities


What accounts for the stability and change within ecosystems?


Change

Interdependence

Form and Function

Cycling

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation


Page 18 of 23



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Primary productivity analysis 11.2

11.3 Experiment

2 Succession investigation 11.7

11.8 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

Explain the following interactions

between species, giving two examples of

each: competition, herbivory, predation,

parasitism and mutualism.

Review NA NA

2 Define gross production, net production

and biomass. Introduction NA NA

3

Calculate values for gross production,

net production and biomass from given

data.

Review NA NA

4 Discuss the difficulties of classifying

organisms into trophic levels. Review NA NA

5

Explain the small biomass and low

numbers of organisms in higher trophic

levels.

Review NA NA

6 Construct a pyramid of energy given

appropriate information. Review NA NA

7 Describe ecological succession using

one example. Mastery NA NA

8

Explain the effects of living organisms

on the abiotic environment with

reference to the changes occurring

during ecological succession to climax

communities.

Mastery NA NA

Unit 12- Biodiversity and Conservation


What different reasons can be suggested for maintaining biodiversity?


Change

Interdependence

Form and Function


Page 19 of 23

Diversity

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Rainforest stratification modeling 12.1 Experiment

2 Forest diversity analysis 12.3

12.4 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

Discuss reasons for the conservation of

biodiversity using rainforests as an

example. Reasons should include

ethical, ecological, economic and

aesthetic arguments.

Mastery NA NA

2

Outline the factors that caused the

extinction of one named animal and one

named plant species.

Review NA NA

3 Outline the use of the Simpson diversity

index. Introduction NA NA

4

Explain the use of biotic indices and

indicator species in monitoring

environmental change.

Review NA NA

5

Outline the damage caused to marine

ecosystems by the overexploitation of

fish.

Review NA NA

6 Discuss international measures that

would promote the conservation of fish Review NA NA

7

Discuss the advantages of in situ

conservation of endangered species

(terrestrial and aquatic nature reserves).

Mastery NA NA

8 Outline the management of nature

reserves. Introduction NA NA

9

Discuss the role of international

agencies and conservation measures

including CITES and WWF.

Review NA NA


Page 20 of 23

Unit 13- Nitrogen Cycle


What organisms and processes are involved in the cycling of nutrients within

ecosystems?


Change

Interdependence

Form and Function

Cycling

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Nitrification inquiry

13.5

13.6

13.7

13.8

Inquiry

2 Extremophile survey 13.3 Experiment



(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1

State that all chemical elements

occurring in organisms are part of

biogeochemical cycles and that these

cycles involve water, land and the

atmosphere.

Review NA NA

2

Explain that all biogeochemical cycles

summarize the movement of elements

through the biological components of

ecosystems (food chains) to form

complex organic molecules, and

subsequently simpler inorganic forms

which can be used again.

Review NA NA

3

Explain that chemoautotrophs can

oxidize inorganic substances as a direct

energy source to synthesize ATP.

Review NA NA

4 State that chemoautotrophy is found Introduction NA NA


Page 21 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

only among bacteria.

5 Draw a diagram of a nitrogen cycle. Mastery NA NA

6

Outline the roles of Rhizobium,

Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter

and Pseudomonas denitrificans in the

nitrogen cycle.

Mastery NA NA

7 Describe the conditions that favour

denitrification and nitrification. Review NA NA

8

Discuss the actions taken by

farmers/gardeners to increase the

nitrogen fertility of the soil including

fertilizers, plowing/digging and crop

rotation (use of legumes).

Review NA NA

Unit 14- Impact of Humans on Ecosystems


What impacts have humans had on ecosystems and how can these be limited or

remediated?


Change

Interdependence

Form and Function

Cycling

Energy

Inquiry

Experimentation

Interpretation



Correlation Type

(Dem, Exp, Inq)

1 Ozone analysis

14.1

14.2

14.3

14.4

Experiment

2 Water chemistry assay 14.5

14.6 Experiment



Page 22 of 23


(Int, Rev, Mas)

COS

Alignment

Accountability

Alignment

1 Describe the role of atmospheric ozone

in absorbing ultra violet (UV) radiation. Introduction NA NA

2

Outline the effects of UV radiation on

living tissues and biological

productivity.

Review NA NA

3 Outline the chemical effect of chlorine

on the ozone layer. Review NA NA

4

Discuss methods of reducing the

manufacture and release of ozone-

depleting substances including recycling

refrigerants, reducing production of gas-

blown plastics and using CFC-free

propellants.

Mastery NA NA

5

Outline the consequences of releasing

raw sewage and nitrate fertilizer into

rivers.

Review NA NA

6

Outline the origin, formation and

biological consequences of acid

precipitation on plants and animals.

Review NA NA

7

State that biomass can be used as a

source of fuels such as methane and

ethanol.

Introduction NA NA

8

Explain the principles involved in the

generation of methane from biomass,

including the conditions needed,

organisms involved and the basic

chemical reactions that occur.

Mastery NA NA

Alabama Course of Study Correlation: Science

COS Title Not applicable Bulletin 2005, No. 20

# COS Objectives HCS Unit-

Objective

Note: This locally developed elective course is part of a continuum

of courses offered within the local curriculum.

EXPLORE / PLAN / ACT Standards for Transition Correlation: Science

Score

Range EPAS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

28 - 32 Identify or use a complex mathematical relationship

that exists between data 2.3


Page 23 of 23

Score

Range EPAS Standard

HCS Unit-

Objective

Extrapolate from data points in a table or graph 7.6

Compare or combine given text with data from

tables, graphs, or diagrams 8.5

Understand complex lab procedures 6.9

Determine the hypothesis for an experiment 11.3

Understand moderately complex experimental

designs 9.2

Identify an alternate method for testing a hypothesis 10.1

Select a complex hypothesis, prediction, or

conclusion that is supported by a data set or

viewpoint

9.5

Select a set of data or a viewpoint that supports or

contradicts a hypothesis, prediction, or conclusion 6.8

Predict the most likely or least likely result based on

a given viewpoint 10.2

33 - 36

Compare or combine data from two complex data

sets 9.3

Combine new, complex information (data or text)

with given information (data or text) 5.11

Understand precision and accuracy issues 10.3

Predict how modifying an experiment or study

(adding a new trial or changing a variable) will affect

results

12.2

Identify new information that could be collected from

a new experiment or by modifying an existing

experiment

12.1

Select a complex hypothesis, prediction, or

conclusion that is supported by two or more data sets

or viewpoints

4.8

Determine why given information (data or text)

supports or contradicts a hypothesis or conclusion 9.11

Documents

HCS Secondary Curriculum Documentimages.pcmac.org/Uploads/HooverCity/HooverCity... · Grade Level: 12 Course Description: This course is the second of a two -year sequence designed