Homeopathy comes from the Greek words homeo, meaning similar, and pathos, meaning suffering or...
39
I.Ya. HORBACHEVCHY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lection № 1 Homeopathy in a modern health care system. The main principles of homeopathy, its explanation. Homoeopathic terminology. Classification of homeopathic medicines. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of W.Schwabe.
Homeopathy comes from the Greek words homeo, meaning similar, and pathos, meaning suffering or disease. Homœopathy (commonly spelled Homeopathy) seeks
Homeopathy comes from the Greek words homeo, meaning similar,
and pathos, meaning suffering or disease. Homopathy (commonly
spelled Homeopathy) seeks to stimulate the body's ability to heal
itself by giving very small doses of highly diluted substances.
Homeopathy, already one of the most popular medical systems in the
world, is making a resurgence in Australia. In the late nineteenth
century Homeopathy was the preferred medicine of one in four
doctors in Melbourne. 2
Slide 3
Homeopathic medicinal product Homeopathic medicinal product any
medicinal product made of products, substances or compositions
specified as homeopathic stocks in accordance with a homeopathic
manufacturing procedure described by the State Pharmacopoeia of
Ukraine (SPh Ukraine) or the European Pharmacopoeia, or in the
absence of such description in the German Homeopathic (GHP), United
States Pharmacopeia (HPUS), British Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia
(BHP), Schwabes Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Homeopathic medicinal
product may also contain a number of active substances
(principles). 3
Slide 4
Historical overview of the development of Homeopathy Old
homeopathic Belladonna remedy 1. The basic principle of homoeopathy
as a system of medicine was recognized in ancient Greece by the
physician Hippocrates (460-350 Before Cristmas) who is generally
regarded as the father of medicine. He wrote "by similar things a
disease is produced and through the application of the like, it is
cured". 2. Second only to Hippocrates among the founders of
medicine was another Greek physician, Galen (130-200 A.D )skilled
in anatomy and physiology, he wrote of natural cure by the likes,
Galen was recognized as the authority in medicine for more than
1000 years, but during this time no significant progress was made.
4
Slide 5
Historical overview of the development of Homeopathy Old bottle
of Hepar sulph made from calcium sulfide 3. During the 15-th and
16-th centuries when medicine was developing slowly as a scientific
study, the Swiss physician and leading medical reformer,
Dr.Theophastus Von Bombast (1493-1541 ), who adopted the pseudonym
Paracelsus rejected the principle of opposite acting remedies and
stated that same must be cured by same. He also believed that every
diseased organ had its corresponding remedy in nature, like his
predecessors however his reasoning was largely intuitive and lacked
a precise scientific approach. 4. The first precise enunciation of
the fundamental homoeopathic principle was given in early 17-th
century by a Danish physician, Dr. George Stahl taking up the
assumptions of Paracelsus. He wrote: "I am convinced that disease
will yield to and be cured by remedies that produce similar
affections" 5
Slide 6
Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) considered to be the father of
Homeopathy 6
Slide 7
Discovery of the modern system of Homoeopathy The founder of
the modern system of homoeopathic treatment was a brilliant German
physician, Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, born on the 10-th of April 1755 in
the town of Meissen in Saxony (Eastern Germany) It was during this
difficult time that Hahnemann performed an epoch-making experiment
that was to lay the foundation for his new system of medicine
Homoeopathy. It arose when he was translating a book from English
into German written by a distinguished Scottish physician,
Dr.William Cullen "A treatise on Materia Medica". It was an account
of a drug Cinchona or Peruvian bark (Cortex Peruvianus) which had
been used for the treatment of malaria, first in South America and
subsequently in Europe, which prompted the experiment, for several
days he took large doses of the drug and carefully noted the
symptoms: 7
Slide 8
Discovery of the modern system of Homoeopathy his feet and
finger tips became cold, he became drowsy, his heart began to
palpitate, his pulse quickened, he experienced trembling in all his
limbs with a thirst and redness of cheeks. The symptoms lasted only
for a few hours and recurred each time he repeated the dose. Thus
the drug cinchona, when taken by a healthy person induced symptoms
similar to malaria, the very disease the drug was used to cure.
Hahnemann noted in the book "cinchona bark" which is used as a
remedy for intermittent fever in healthy people. He had established
the basic precept of homoeopathy, fore shadowed by Hippocrates,
Galen Stahl and Paracelsus. 8
Slide 9
The main principles of Homeopathy Homeopathy is an effective,
non-invasive system based on fixed laws and principles. Its
scientific approach to aspects of disease includes: the Law of
Similar, the Law of Dilution (Healing or small dose) the principle
of Potentisation. The basic concept of Homeopathy is treating like
with likes, using remedies which are capable of producing in
healthy person similar symptoms as those experienced by the
patient. 9
Slide 10
1. - The Law of Similars The basic principle of Homoeopathy Dr.
Hahnemann expanded to "SIMILIA SIMILIBUS CURENTUR. The principle
"like cures like states that a disease can be cured by a substance
that produces similar symptoms in healthy people. This idea, which
can be traced back to Hippocrates, was further developed by
Hahnemann after he repeatedly ingested cinchona bark, a popular
treatment for malaria, and found that he developed the symptoms of
the disease. Hahnemann theorized that if a substance could cause
disease symptoms in a healthy person, small amounts could cure a
sick person who had similar symptoms. For example, if the symptoms
of your cold are similar to poisoning by mercury, then mercury
would be your homeopathic remedy. 10
Slide 11
2. - The Law of Healing (the law of minimum dose) The principle
of dilutions states that the lower the dose of the medication, the
greater its effectiveness. The doses used in homoeopathy are so
small that they cannot be accused of acting, directly on the
physical body. Hahnemann considered that they acted dynamically,
that the energy of the remedy stimulates the natural healing energy
of the body, if it was in a state of disharmony in order to its
return to its former healthy state. The remedy is taken in an
extremely dilute form; normally one part of the remedy to around
1,000,000,000,000 parts of water. 11
Slide 12
3. the principle of Potentisation strengthening the power of a
remedy (in the homeopathic senses) by succussion. In homeopathy,
substances are diluted in a stepwise fashion and shaken vigorously
between each dilution. This process, referred to as
"potentization," is believed to transmit some form of information
or energy from the original substance to the final diluted remedy.
Most homeopathic remedies are so dilute that no molecules of the
healing substance remain; however, in homeopathy, it is believed
that the substance has left its imprint or "essence," which
stimulates the body to heal itself (this theory is called the
"memory of water"). 12
Slide 13
The choice of homeopathic medicines Homeopaths treat people
based on genetic and personal health history, body type, and
current physical, emotional, and mental symptoms. Patient visits
tend to be lengthy. Treatments are "individualized" or tailored to
each person it is not uncommon for different people with the same
condition to receive different treatments. There are many chemical
compounds that are used for homoeopathic remedies. Homoeopathic
remedies have been used for some 200 years to treat a wide variety
of illnesses safely and effectively. Hahnemann believed that the
body contains an innate power to heal itself; he called this the
vital force. He believed that when a person is ill this force
becomes disordered and that homoeopathic medicines are able to
restore it in a unique way. The choice of medicines depends on the
symptoms that are present and is called the symptom medicine.
13
Slide 14
The Single Remedy No matter how many symptoms are experienced,
only one remedy is taken, and that remedy will be aimed at all
those symptoms. Similar principals forms the basis of conventional
allergy treatment, where the allergic substance is given in a small
dose, and in vaccines where an impotent form of the virus is given
to bolster the immune system against that particular virus. 14
Slide 15
Why use Homeopathics? Homeopathy is extremely effective. When
the correct remedy is taken, results can be rapid, complete and
permanent. Homeopathy is completely safe. Even babies and pregnant
women can use Homeopathy without the danger of side effects.
Homeopathic remedies can also be taken alongside other medication
without producing unwanted side effects. Homeopathy is natural.
Homeopathic remedies are normally based on natural ingredients.
Homeopathy works in harmony with your immune system, unlike some
conventional medicines which suppress the immune system. (For
example, cough medicines suppress the cough reflex, which is your
body's attempt to clear the lungs) Homeopathic remedies are not
addictive - once relief is felt, you should stop taking them. If no
relief is felt, you are probably taking the wrong homeopathic
remedy. Homeopathy is holistic. It treats all the symptoms as one,
which in practical terms means that it addresses the cause, not the
symptoms. This often means that symptoms tackled with Homeopathy do
not recur. 15
Slide 16
Homeopathy and conventional (allopathic) medicine Allopathic
medicine has achieved significant leaps in preserving both the
quality and longevity of life, and it is important to recognize
this contribution. A world wide vaccination program by the WHO has
eradicated smallpox; Insulin has enabled many type I diabetics to
control their condition; antibiotics, though not without their own
problems, can render potentially lethal infections harmless. There
are many homeopaths who frown on the entire spectrum of allopathic
medicine, though in practice, a more balanced approach is often
more effective. It is unwise, for example, for an insulin dependent
diabetic to discontinue their insulin. However, conventional
medicine is a wide label, and not all conventional medicine is
beneficial. While in many cases symptoms are relieved, cured, or
prevented many allopathic medicines can do a lot of harm to your
body. 16
Slide 17
Homeopathy and conventional medicine The symptoms of a disease,
for a Homeopath, are your body's attempt to cure itself. By
contrast, conventional medicine often works by suppressing your
body's natural reactions, for example: A cough is usually the
result of foreign bodies in the lungs; the muscles spasm in an
attempt to remove it. Cough medicine simply stops this reflex. A
headache tablet is a painkiller and simply suppresses the feeling
of pain, leaving the body to undergo whatever torment it was
before, but divorced from our consciousness. This is a very bad
thing. For example, many headaches are due to dehydration - once
the headache isn't felt, the patient no longer feels the need to
stop running around, working up a sweat and dehydrating further.
The conventional approach to treating infections is antibiotics.
Antibiotics simply eat other bacteria. Our body also has bacteria
that serve the same function (indeed, there are many types of
bacteria naturally occurring in the body, all of which are
beneficial) alas these are also consumed by antibiotics. In
addition, a widespread concern is that bacteria are becoming
resistant to antibiotics. Antidepressants generally work by
blocking emotional responses. Unlike homeopathic remedies,
dependence builds up quickly, and once a course of antidepressants
has begun, it is often a step down a long, slippery slope to
dependency. 17
Slide 18
Homeopathy and conventional medicine Conventional medicine is a
very blunt instrument. Part of its success lies in this very
general nature. The sheer numbers of possible factors that need to
be considered for effective treatment with homeopathic remedies
have meant that it has required a long and often expensive
consultation with a trained specialist. In contrast, regardless of
the type of pain, or even where it is, the conventional relief is a
pain killer. Compare that to homeopathy in our remedy finder
database, we describe nearly 5,000 types of headaches. The approach
of conventional medicine denies our body's efforts to heal itself
and damages these systems. Homeopathy does not work in the same
way; how it does work remains a mystery. Chemists have concluded
that in the very high homeopathic potencies there is actually none
of the original substance left. Theories explaining homeopathy have
been put forward, resting on vibrations, electromagnetism, or the
memory of water. 18
Slide 19
Properties of allopathic and homeopathic remedies Allopathic
featuresHomeopathic features Used on basis of therapeutic action
Used on basis of a proving/drug picture, toxicology and clinical
evidence Animals and ill patients used to testProvings on healthy
humans Size of dose sufficient to achieve blood level Frequency of
administration more important Strength expressed by amount of drug
present Strength set by the potentisation process Depends on
metabolic activity to work Simple absorption; metabolic activity
unproven Source of medicines is largely syntheticSources mainly
naturally occurring 19
Slide 20
Allopathic and homeopathic remedies as they affect patients
Allopathic featuresHomeopathic features Usually same drug given to
all patients for similar symptoms Individualised treatment in
chronic states Drug given to treat symptoms in isolationMost
remedies treat patient as a whole Condition at time of consultation
treatedHolistic approach Usually requirement for course of
treatmentTaken only until improvement achieved Symptoms disappear
in no apparent orderHomeopathic laws of cure are followed
Side-effects and iatrogenicityOTC aggravations generally only
transient 20
Slide 21
Controversies Regarding Homeopathy Homeopathy is a
controversial area of CAM because a number of its key concepts are
not consistent with established laws of science (particularly
chemistry and physics). Critics think it is implausible that a
remedy containing a miniscule amount of an active ingredient
(sometimes not a single molecule of the original compound) can have
any biological effect beneficial or otherwise. For these reasons,
critics argue that continuing the scientific study of homeopathy is
not worthwhile. Others point to observational and anecdotal
evidence that homeopathy does work and argue that it should not be
rejected just because science has not been able to explain it.
21
Slide 22
22
Slide 23
Use Homeopathy in the USA According to the 2007 National Health
Interview Survey, which included a comprehensive survey of
complementary and alternative medicine. A group of diverse medical
and health care systems, practices, and products that are not
presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.
Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine,
and alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine.
People use homeopathy for a range of health concerns, from wellness
and prevention, to the treatment of diseases and conditions such as
allergies, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, digestive
disorders, ear infections, headaches, and skin rashes. 23
Slide 24
Regulation of Homeopathic Treatments Homeopathic remedies are
prepared according to the guidelines of the Homeopathic
Pharmacopeia of the United States (HPUS), which was written into
law in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938.
Homeopathic remedies are regulated in the same manner as
nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. However, because
homeopathic products contain little or no active ingredients, they
do not have to undergo the same safety and efficacy testing as
prescription and new OTC drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) does require that homeopathic remedies meet
certain legal standards for strength, purity, and packaging. The
labels on the remedies must include at least one major indication
(i.e., medical problem to be treated), a list of ingredients, the
dilution, and safety instructions. In addition, if a homeopathic
remedy claims to treat a serious disease such as cancer, it needs
to be sold by prescription. Only products for self-limiting
conditions (minor health problems like a cold or headache that go
away on their own) can be sold without a prescription. 24
Slide 25
Regulation of Homeopathic Treatments Most analyses of the
research on homeopathy have concluded that there is little evidence
to support homeopathy as an effective treatment for any specific
condition, and that many of the studies have been flawed. However,
there are some individual observational studies, randomized
placebo-controlled trials, and laboratory research that report
positive effects or unique physical and chemical properties of
homeopathic remedies. The regulation and prevalence of homeopathy
is highly variable from country to country. There are no specific
legal regulations concerning its use in some countries, while in
others, licenses or degrees in conventional medicine from
accredited universities are required. In several countries,
homeopathy is covered by the national insurance to different
extents, while in some it is fully integrated into the national
healthcare system. In many countries, the laws that govern the
regulation and testing of conventional drugs do not apply to
homeopathic remedies. 25
Slide 26
Side Effects and Risks A systematic review found that
homeopathic remedies in high dilution, taken under the supervision
of trained professionals, are generally considered safe and
unlikely to cause severe adverse reactions. Liquid homeopathic
remedies may contain alcohol. The FDA allows higher levels of
alcohol in these remedies than it allows in conventional drugs.
However, no adverse effects from alcohol levels have been reported
to the FDA. Homeopaths expect some of their patients to experience
homeopathic aggravation (a temporary worsening of existing symptoms
after taking a homeopathic prescription). Researchers have not
found much evidence of this reaction in clinical studies; however,
research on homeopathic aggravations is scarce. Homeopathic
remedies are not known to interfere with conventional drugs;
however, if you are considering using homeopathic remedies, you
should discuss this with your health care provider first. 26
Slide 27
Homeopathic repertory by James Tyler Kent. 27
Slide 28
History of Dr. Willmar Schwabe Although Hahnemann had left
behind a wide range of knowledge and a guide to manufacture
homoeopathic remedies in his Organon of Healing, Materia Medica
Pura and Chronic Diseases, he did not leave behind detailed methods
required for large- scale manufacture. It was the young German
pharmacist Dr. Willmar Schwabe (1839-1917) who was so dissatisfied
with this situation that he set out to develop analytical methods
and to define pharmaceutical technical processes. He introduced
quality controls and organised the cultivation of his own medical
plants. In 1872 Dr. Schwabe produced the standard work for
homoeopathic pharmaceuticals the Pharmacopoea Homoeopathica
Polyglottica, which gave minutely detailed instructions on the
production of homoeopathic preparations. Soon, Schwabes work gained
world-wide importance and was translated into many languages, like
English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Russian. It was published
in rapid sequences, appearing in the 5th (1901) to the 9th (1912)
edition as the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia and thus became
legally binding in Germany. 28
Slide 29
Pharmacopoea Homoeopathica Polyglotta written by Dr. Willmar
Schwabe 29
Slide 30
Structure of W. Schwabes Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia GENERAL PART
A. Homeopathic Pharmacy. Rules of storage and the registration to
issue. B. Technology of preparation of homeopathic medicines.
Section I. Preparation of medicines from herbal raw and animal
tissues: 1. Methods of preparation of essences and tinctures. 2.
Essences prepared from equal parts of juice and 90 % ethanol. 3.
Essences prepared from 1 weight part of juice and 2 weight parts 90
% ethanol. 4. Tinctures prepared with 10 weight parts ethanol and 1
weight part of dry herbal raw or animal tissue. Section II.
Preparation of medicines from minerals and chemical compounds: 5.
The aqueous solutions. 6. The alcoholic solutions. 7. Preparation
of powder trituration from dry substances. Section III. Preparation
of medicinal trituration from liquids different origin: 8.
Preparation of trituration of liquids. 9. Preparation of
trituration of essences and tinctures. The decimal and centesimal
scale. Preparation of dilutions of the various medicines: a.
Dilution of the liquid substance. b. Preparation of the powder
trituration. c. Preparation of the liquid dilutions of trituration.
Technology of preparation of pellets. Preparation of tablets.
Preparation of ointments, oils, opodeldoces, alcohols and
suppository. Equipments and apparatus. Indifferent substances
Nomenclature C. General methods for the study of homeopathic
medicines a. Methods for the study liquid preparations b. General
methods of investigation trituration SPECIAL PARTS. Basic remedies.
30
Slide 31
Homoeopathic terminology Active ingredient is the substance in
a medicines, that is biologically active. Allergodes isopathic
remedies used to treat allergies; havent drug pictures obtained
through provings, and are still prescribed on the basis of local
symptoms alone. Allopathic medicine refers to the practice of
conventional medicine that uses pharmacologically active agents or
physical interventions to treat or suppress symptoms or patho-
physiologic processes of diseases or conditions. Antagonist the
opposite of the active substance. Antidote (antipoison) medicines
for decelerating, terminating or attenuating poison (or homeopathic
remedies) action on the body. Basic solutions preparations, that
directly obtained from the raw material of various origin and
intended for further dilution according to Homeopathic
Pharmacopoeia. Complex homeopathic preparations medicines, prepared
of several homeopathic substances. 31
Slide 32
Homoeopathic terminology Constitutional remedies remedy may be
defined as constitutional when, by virtue of its symptomatology, it
covers the basic acute or chronic symptomatology of a person
throughout life. Dosage forms are a mixture of active and
excipients components. Depending on the method of administration
they may be in several types. These are liquid, solid and soft
dosage forms. Herbal drugs for homoeopathic preparations are mainly
whole, fragmented or cut, plants, parts of plants including algae,
fungi or lichens in an unprocessed state, usually in fresh form.
Homeopathic dilution the number, indicating how many times to do
the serial dynamized dilution of the medicine by ten-or hundredfold
scale. The greater the number of dilution, the less amount of
active substance contains the medicine and the more power it has.
The number of dilutions is recorded on each bottle of medicine by a
number, which is usually printed just after the name of the
medicine. Homeopathic Materia Medica encyclopedia of materials
which may be used to prepare homeopathic medicines. They list the
materials along with details of the provings which establish the
symptoms and conditions for which they are claimed to be suitable.
32
Slide 33
Homoeopathic terminology Homeopathic medicinal product a
medicinal product prepared from products, substances or
compositions called homeopathic stocks in accordance with a
homeopathic manufacturing procedure described by the European
Pharmacopoeia (Ph), American Ph., Britis Ph. or Homeopathic Ph. by
W. Schwabe. Homeopathic pills made from an inert substance (often
sugars, typically lactose), upon which a drop of liquid homeopathic
preparation is placed. Homeopathic Repertory is an index of disease
symptoms that lists remedies associated with specific symptoms.
Homoeopathic preparations are prepared from substances, products or
preparations called stocks, in accordance with a homoeopathic
manufacturing procedure. A homoeopathic preparation is usually
designated by the Latin name of the stock, followed by an
indication of the degree of dilution. Isopathic remedies this group
of remedies involves the use of high dilutions of the allergen to
which the patient is sensitive. Monohomeo- preparation medicine
with one homeopathic substances. 33
Slide 34
Homoeopathic terminology Miasms peculiar morbid derangement of
the vital force. There are 3 basic types of miasm: emotional,
physical, infectious. Miasm is a type of responding. Mother
tinctures are the liquid preparations resulting from the extraction
of suitable source material with alcohol or water mixtures which
form the starting point for the production of most homeopathic
medicines. Nosodes ( from the Greek nosos - disease ) made from
diseased or pathological products such as fecal, urinary, and
respiratory discharges, blood, and tissue. Pillules for
homoeopathic use are solid preparations obtained from sucrose,
lactose or other suitable excipients. They may be prepared by
impregnation of preformed pillules with a dilution or dilutions of
homoeopathic stocks or by progressive addition of these excipients
and the addition of a dilution or dilutions of homoeopathic stocks.
They often are intended for oral or sublingual use. Polychrests
(many uses) are remedies whose drug pictures show a very wide
spectrum of activity and which therefore have a broad range of
applications. 34
Slide 35
Homoeopathic terminology Potentisation (dynamisation) substance
is diluted with alcohol or distilled water and then vigorously
shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body in a process
called succussion. In result, we obtained medicines "potencies".
Dilutions and triturations are obtained from stocks by a process of
potentisation in accordance with a homoeopathic manufacturing
procedure: this means successive dilutions and succussions, or
successive appropriate triturations, or a combination of the 2
processes. Proving the process of registering minute details of the
action of the poisons and like substances. Remedy a substance which
has been prepared with a particular procedure and intended for
patient use. Sarcodes homeopathic remedies prepared from healthy
specimens. Stocks are substances, products or preparations used as
starting materials for the production of homoeopathic preparations.
A stock is usually one of the following: a mother tincture or a
glycerol macerate, for raw materials of botanical, zoological or
human origin, or the substance itself, for raw materials of
chemical or mineral origin. 35
Slide 36
Homoeopathic terminology Tablets for homoeopathic use are solid
preparations obtained from sucrose, lactose or other suitable
excipients. Vehicles are excipients used for the preparation of
certain stocks or for the potentisation process. They may include,
for example: purified water, alcohol of a suitable concentration,
glycerol and lactose. Centesimal scale (C) diluting a substance by
a factor of 100 at each stage. Decimal scale (D or X) the D or X
scale dilution is therefore half that of the same value of the C
scale; for example, "12X" is the same level of dilution as "6C".
Quintamillesimal scale (Q or LM) diluting the drug 1 part in 50,000
parts of diluent. A given dilution on the Q scale is roughly 2.35
times its designation on the C scale. For example a remedy
described as "20Q" has about the same concentration as a "47C"
remedy. 36
Slide 37
The rules of Prescription The writing of prescriptions falls
exclusively within the duties of the physician. He prefers to
prepare and dispense his own medicines, he should exercise the
greatest care and exactitude in giving his instructions to the
pharmacist who is to be governed by them. Not the slightest doubt
should exist concerning the physician's directions. Abbreviations.
While these facilitate the writing of prescriptions they do not add
to their intelligibility, and hence should only be used in strict
obedience to rules of abbreviation. Legibility is absolutely
necessary in the writing of prescriptions, to avoid errors and
waste of time. It is also desirable that physicians of different
countries should write prescriptions in Latin, with which all
pharmacists are sufficiently acquainted. 37
Slide 38
The rules of Prescription 1. The name of the medicine is to be
plainly written, preferably in Latin. 2. The form should next be
stated as indicated in the examples given below, denning carefully
by the signs in use whether 'a tincture, dilution, or trituration
is desired. This is done by adding the abbreviation tinct. or,
dil., trit., or, in case of either of the latter, to the number of
the dilution or trituration the sign x or c (decimal or centesimal
scale) as an exponent ; e. g., 3x, 6x, 3c, etc. 3. If the medicated
moulded form is desired, this is also to be plainly stated in words
; e. g., tablets, pellets, cones, etc. Such medicated powder or
moulded preparation is best expressed in plain words, or, if
preferred, the number with its exponent may be marked with line as
explained under Tincture Triturations ; e. g., ^ indicating a
medicated preparation of milk-sugar. 4. The quantity should also be
stated explicitly in the usual signs of metric or apothecaries'
weight, or in words. 5. The dose and its frequency of repetition is
plainly to be written under the head of Signa or Directions.
38
Slide 39
Note ! Homeopathy is a form of medicine that helps your body
heal itself Homeopathic medicine is safe and has been chosen for
you individually, so it should not be given to anyone else, even if
they have similar symptoms Thank you for attention! 39