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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Earth in SpaceEarth in SpaceSection 1:Section 1: The Solar System The Solar System
Section 2:Section 2: Earth-Sun Relationships Earth-Sun Relationships
Section 3:Section 3: The Earth System The Earth System
CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives: What is Earth’s position in the solar system?What is Earth’s position in the solar system? How do rotation and revolution affect Earth?How do rotation and revolution affect Earth?
Section 1 Section 1
The Solar SystemThe Solar System
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Earth’s position in the solar systemEarth’s position in the solar system one of nine planetsone of nine planets third planet from the sunthird planet from the sun fifth-largest planetfifth-largest planet
Section 1 Section 1
The Solar SystemThe Solar System
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Rotation and revolutionRotation and revolution Rotation and revolution affect the amount of solar Rotation and revolution affect the amount of solar
energy Earth receives at different locations.energy Earth receives at different locations. Rotation on Earth’s axis produces day and night.Rotation on Earth’s axis produces day and night. Revolution around the sun, and the tilt of Earth on its Revolution around the sun, and the tilt of Earth on its
axis, determines seasons.axis, determines seasons.
Section 1 Section 1
The Solar SystemThe Solar System
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives: How does the angle of the Sun’s rays affect the How does the angle of the Sun’s rays affect the
amount of solar energy received at different locations amount of solar energy received at different locations on Earth?on Earth?
What are solstices and equinoxes?What are solstices and equinoxes?
Section 2 Section 2
Earth-Sun RelationshipsEarth-Sun Relationships
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Angle of the Sun’s rays, solar energy, Angle of the Sun’s rays, solar energy, and location:and location: Direct vertical rays of sunlight concentrate solar Direct vertical rays of sunlight concentrate solar
energy in smaller area, making more heat.energy in smaller area, making more heat. Angled rays spread solar energy out, making less Angled rays spread solar energy out, making less
heat.heat. Earth’s tilt makes direct rays most common near Earth’s tilt makes direct rays most common near
equator and less common at high latitudes.equator and less common at high latitudes.
Section 2 Section 2
Earth-Sun RelationshipsEarth-Sun Relationships
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Solstices and Equinoxes: each occur Solstices and Equinoxes: each occur twice a yeartwice a year Solstices—around December 21 and June 21Solstices—around December 21 and June 21
Earth’s poles tilted toward or away from the SunEarth’s poles tilted toward or away from the Sun longest or shortest days of the year, depending on longest or shortest days of the year, depending on
hemisphere hemisphere
Equinoxes—around March 21 and September 2 Equinoxes—around March 21 and September 2 Earth’s poles not tilted toward or away from the SunEarth’s poles not tilted toward or away from the Sun equal amount of sunlight in both hemispheres.equal amount of sunlight in both hemispheres.
Section 2 Section 2
Earth-Sun RelationshipsEarth-Sun Relationships
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives: What are Earth’s four spheres?What are Earth’s four spheres? How is Earth’s environment unique in the solar How is Earth’s environment unique in the solar
system?system?
Section 3 Section 3
The Earth SystemThe Earth System
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Earth’s four spheres:Earth’s four spheres: atmosphere—gases surrounding earthatmosphere—gases surrounding earth lithosphere—solid crust of the planetlithosphere—solid crust of the planet hydrosphere—Earth’s waterhydrosphere—Earth’s water biosphere—all life formsbiosphere—all life forms
Section 3 Section 3
The Earth SystemThe Earth System
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
World World Geography Geography TodayToday
HOLTHOLT
Earth’s unique environment:Earth’s unique environment: No other planet in the solar system has such a No other planet in the solar system has such a
complex environment.complex environment. Environment is the key to human survival and quality Environment is the key to human survival and quality
of life.of life.
Section 3 Section 3
The Earth SystemThe Earth System
