15 Developing Skills for the iBT TOEFL Holidays Intennediate 2 Edited by: Andrew Jacob Finkenbinder, Gregory Edward Manning, Thomas Justin Morgan, and Gareth James Parsons Chapter 2 Ramadan Chapter 5 Chanukah 49 59 67 79 91 105 115 125 Chapter 6 81. Patrick's Day Chapter 7 Kwanzaa Chapter 8 Easter Chapter 9 Chinese New Year Chapter 10 Valentine's Day Chapter 11 Halloween Chapter 12 Thanksgiving Chapter 13 Christmas l35 ESL library.com Rell1.ell1.brance Day (Intennediate level) tTIl Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookJdocument may only be j{ e : t ! t i H ~ r photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership tenms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. > ESL library.com Remembrance Day November 11 is celebrated as a day of remembrance in many places around the world. In some countries, it is known as Armistice Day; in others it is referred to as Remembrance Day or Poppy Day; in the United States it is called Veterans Day. This day is the anniversary of the peace treaty or armistice that was signed by the Allied forces and the Germans at the end of World War I. In 1918, on the 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month, an order was given for all shooting to stop. Soldiers lay down their weapons and people all over the world rejoiced. After four long years of bitter fighting, "the war to end all wars" was finally over. In many countries, people went out into the streets, closed their businesses, sang songs, blew whistles and horns, and celebrated. Shortly after this, many former allied nations set aside November 11 as a day to remember the sacrifices that men and women had made during World War I in order to ensure a lasting peace. Armistice Day was created in the United Kingdom by King George Von November 7, 1919. In 1921, an unknown First World War soldier was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in United States. Similar ceremonies occurred in England and France where unknown soldiers were buried in each nation's highest place of honor, Westminster Abbey and the Arc de Triomphe. These memorial services, which all took place on November 11, gave universal recognition to Armistice Day. After World War II, the name of this day was changed to Veterans Day in United States and to Remembrance Day in the British Commonwealth of Nations. Armistice Day remains an official holiday in both Belgium and France. continued on next page ... (llJ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be Hed River photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 2 ESL library.com In many parts of the world today, on November 11, veterans march in parades and politicians and others give speeches of thanks for the peace that was won. People gather together in assemblies to honor all the men and women who have served and continue to serve their countries. Wreathes and flowers are placed on graves and war monuments. In many services, a sad song called "The Last Post" is played by a bugler or trumpeter. Then a moment of silence takes place at 11 A.M. to remember all those who died in World War I, World War II and other wars. In many countries, the poppy has become a recognized symbol of November 11. The poppy is a bright red wildflower that bloomed across some of the worst battlefields of World War I and the poppy's red color came to represent the bloodshed of trench warfare. Veterans groups in many different countries sell artificial poppies to help raise money for veteran support groups. The expression "Lest We Forget" has also become connected with November 11. After the First World War, people promised never to forget the horror of war, and so, still today, November 11 remains a day of historic significance across the globe. It is a day where people gather together and tum their thoughts toward the importance of peace and the avoidance of future wars. r ~ ~ r u : I ! ('0 Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be lkdRiver photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 3 -----------------r:-:: . ~ ESL library.com READING COMPREHENSION Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the spaces below. 1. What is the significance of November II? ________________________ 2. What are some of the different names used to refer to November II? 3. How did people celebrate when World War I ended? _____________________ 4. What was the expression used to describe World War I? ___________________ 5. Where were the unknown soldiers buried in England, France, and the United States? _________ 6. In what ways do people celebrate November 11 nowadays?__________________ 7. Why is the poppy a symbol of November II? _______________________ 8. Why do veterans groups sell artificial poppies? _______________________ 9. What was a common type of fighting in World War I? ______________________ 10. What is the significance of the expression "Lest We Forget"? __________________ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with meombership tenns and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 4 ESL library.com VOCABULARY REVIEW A. Match the words on the left with the correct meaning on the right. 1. veteran a) joined together 2. anniversary b) to flower __3. treaty c) not natural; made by man 4. weapon d) a circle of flowers or plants 5. rejoice e) put in the ground 6. bitter f) yearly return of the date of an event 7. allied g) people marching with music, costumes, etc. 8. sacrifice h) agreement between countries 9. soldier i) place where soldiers fight 10. buried j) something used in fighting, ex. gun, knife, etc. __ 11. parade k) very unpleasant; filled with anger or sadness 12. wreath 1) person who once served as a soldier 13. artificial m) give up something of value for a special purpose 14. bloom n) feel great happiness 15. battlefield 0) member of an army B. Choose the word(s) with the closest meaning to the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. Now Armistice Day is referred to as Veterans Day in United States. a) is remembered as b) is called c) occurs on 2. November 11 is the day the armistice was signed at the end ofWorld War 1. a) cease-fire b) anniversary c) battle 3. The memorial services held in many countries after the war gave to Armistice Day. a) religion b) parades c) worldwide awareness or knowledge 4. Wreathes and flowers are placed on graves and war monuments. a) statues b) buildings c) places to bury dead people 5. The red color of the poppy came to represent the bloodshed of trench warfare. a) fighting in ditches in the ground b) sea battles c) burial places Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photoccpied by members of ESLUbrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and ccnditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 5 ESL Iibrary'com VOCABULARY REVIEW (continued) C. Choose the correct word from the left column in Exercise A or the underlined words in Exercise B on the previous page to complete the following sentences. 1. I always forget to water my plants. Maybe I should buy some _____________ones. 2. Many people hang a _____________oftree branches on their doors at Christmas time. 3. We are going to have a party for our parents next week to celebrate their _____________' They have been married for fifty years. 4. NAFTA is the name of a _____________ signed by Mexico, Canada, and United States. 5. When his dog died, he ____________ it in the backyard. 6. She goes to the cemetery every Sunday and puts flowers on her parents' _____________ Copyright 2008, This aBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc, All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.comfor complete details. 6 ESL Ii brarycom PAIR WORK - SHARING INFORMATION (STUDENT A) Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading about November II. Read your article and then tell your partner about the information. Then, work together to complete the questions that follow. Remembrance Day Canada: The Significance ofthe Poppy The poppy has become the most recognized symbol ofNovember 11 in Canada and other British Commonwealth countries, as well as in the United States. The poppy owes its significance to a famous war poem written by a Canadian doctor named John McCrae. McCrae was born in Guelph, Ontario and later practiced medicine in Montreal. During World War 1, he served as a military doctor with the Canadian army in Belgium and was greatly influenced by the terrible suffering he saw. In 1915, afterjust burying a youngfriend, and in a mood of deep sadness, McCrae wrote "In Flanders Fields ", which begins with the lines: In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row McCrae spoem became one ofthe most famous and most memorable war poems ever written and still today, it is always recited in Remembrance Day services across Canada. Up until 1996, artificial poppies were made and sold by disabled Canadian veterans. Although the veterans no longer make the poppies, Canadians ofall ages continue the tradition ofwearing a poppyfor two weeks prior to November 11. At 11 o'clock on the 1jlh day of the 1jlh month, the poppy is removed and ifpossible, placed on the grave ofa soldier. Copyright 2008. This e800k is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this ebookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Ccntact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 7 ESL Iibrary'com PAIR WORK - SHARING INFORMATION (STUDENT B) Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading about November 11. Read your article and then tell your partner about the information. Then, work together to complete the questions that follow. Veterans Day United States November 11 used to be known in the United States as Armistice Day. In November of1919, one year after the fighting ofthe First World War had ended, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the first Armistice Day. He stated that this would be a day to show pride in the heroism ofthose who had died in service to their country, as well as gratitude for their victory. The idea was for people to stop workingfor a two minute period beginning at 11 :00 A.M The day was also to be marked by parades and public services. In 1926, Armistice Day received its official name through a resolution ofCongress. It became a national holiday 12 years later in 1938, twenty years after World War I had ended. Soon after this, people began to realize that the previous war would not be the last. World War II began in 1939 and many nations from around the world became involved. After World War II and the Korean War had ended, leaders ofveterans groups wanted November 11 to become a day to honor all those who hadfought in various wars, not just in the First World War. Many new veterans had no connection to the armistice of World War 1. Therefore, on May 24,1954, through an act ofthe u.s. Congress, the name ofthe holiday was changed to Veterans Day in honor ofall service men and women ofall America swars. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact for complete details. 8 ----------------------------------------------------------ESL library.com Work together to complete the following questions based on readings A and B. 1. Why has the poppy become the symbol of November 11? _________________ 2. What is the name of the war poem written by John McCrae? __________________ 3. Where was McCrae born? 4. What was McCrae's occupation? _______________________________________ 5. When did he write his famous poem? __________________________ 6. How was McCrae feeling when he wrote this poem? _____________________ 7. Who used to make the artificial poppies in Canada? _____________________ 8. How long before November 11 do Canadians start to wear the poppy? ______________ 9. Who proclaimed the first Armistice Day in United States? ___________________ 10. What did he want Americans to show pride in? ______________________ 11. What did he want Americans to show gratitude for? _____________________ 12. What were people supposed to do at 11 :00 A. M. on November II? ______________ 13. When did the American Congress give Armistice Day its official name? _____________ 14. When was Armistice Day made a national holiday? _____________________ 15. When was the name Armistice Day changed to Veterans Day? _________________ 16. Why was the name changed? ___________________________ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be H,d River photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrarycom, in accordance wilh membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 9 ESL library.com Vocabulary, Idioms, and Expressions 1. victory - (noun) - success in a war, game, or contest ex. There were many parades after the war to celebrate the victory. 2. hero - (noun) - a person respected for bravery or noble character heroism - (noun) - courage, bravery, quality of being a hero ex. November 11 is a day to remember the heroism of all the soldiers. 3. cemetery - (noun) - graveyard; place to bury the dead Every Sunday they visit the cemetery where their parents are buried. 4. arms - (noun - plural) - weapons ex. The soldiers had plenty of arms when they went into battle. arms race - (expression) - competition among nations for military strength ex. There are now international treaties that try to prevent a further arms race. 5. lay down one's arms (idiom) - stop fighting ex. They ordered the soldiers to lay down their arms on November 11, 1918. 6. to be up in arms - (idiom) - to be angry about; to be protesting strongly ex. Many people were up in arms when the government announced the new taxes. 7. on the warpath - (idiom) - to be very angry about something ex. I hope I don't see the boss today. I heard that he's on the warpath. 8. a fighting chance - (idiom) - a fair chance, a good chance ex. If he can get an interview, he will have a fighting chance of getting the job. 9. fight tooth and nail- ( idiom) - to fight very hard ex. The women fought tooth and nail to get the right to vote. 10. fight fire with fire - (idiom) - fight using the same methods as your opponent ex. If they are going to use negative advertising in their political campaign, we will fight fire with fire and do the same. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 10 ESL library.com 11. halfthe battle (idiom) half of the job done ex. You've done all the research for the project. That's half the battle. Now you just need to write the report. 12. dig your own grave (idiom) cause your own failure ex. If you yell at your boss, you are digging your own grave. 13. stick to your guns (idiom) refuse to change one's idea, in spite of pressure ex. Johnny stuck to his guns about the story, even after the teacher said he was lying. Vocabulary and Idiom Practice A. Choose the correct word or idiom from this or the previous page to complete the following sentences. 1. Terry Fox was a great Canadian ___________. He lost his leg to cancer and then ran across the country, with an artificial leg, to raise money for cancer research. 2. The General ordered his soldiers to because the countries had agreed to sign a peace treaty. 3. The workers are going to to get more money and better working conditions in their factory. 4. The where the soldiers are buried is filled with wild flowers. 5. Don't give up! ,even if they try to get you to change your mind. 6. Ifhe studies hard, he will have a ofpassing the national exams. 7. I have finished packing all the boxes. That's ___________ . Tomorrow we will rent a truck and move to the new apartment. 8. They lost the first three soccer games, but they are sure they will finally have a ________ tonight. B. Now write your own sentences using the remaining vocabulary and idioms from the previous page. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 11 / ESL librarycom WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the letters to make words from the poem on the following page. 1. klars 5. ipeposp 2. iedlfs 6. reluaqr 3.ofe 7.ugns 4. nadw 8. afith Find Someone Who ..... Walk around the classroom and ask your classmates questions. (Write the questions in the spaces provided below.) Find someone ... 1. who went to a November 11 memorial service last year. 2. who remembers the name of the person who wrote "In Flanders Fields". 3. who knows when Armistice Day became an official holiday in United States. 4. who puts a wreath on his/her door at Christmas time. 5. who has fought tooth and nail for something recently. 6. who has been to a cemetery recently. 7. who can tell you which American President proclaimed the first Armistice Day. 8. who has met someone on the warpath this week. 9. who can remember where the unknown soldier was buried in France after World War _._----------------10. who can tell you four different names for the November 11 holiday. Copyright 2008, This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library,com for complete details. 12 ESL Iibrary'com In Flanders Fields - John McCrae In Flanders Fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing,fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders Fields Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. Ifye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders Fields POETRY COMPREHENSION 1. What does the word "crosses" refer to in the first stanza? 2. Who is the speaker in the poem? 3. What is the name of the bird mentioned in the first stanza? 4. Find a word in the first stanza that means "barely", or "almost not". 5. Why is it hard to hear the birds singing? 6. Find a word in the second stanza that means "daybreak" or "sunrise". 7. Find a word in the third stanza that means "argument" or "fight". 8. Find a word in the third stanza that means "enemy". 9. Find an old English word that means "you". 10. What does the speaker want the listener to do? 11. How is the mood in the first two stanzas different from that in the third? 12. Do you think this is a peace poem or a pro-war poem? Discuss this with your classmates. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 13 Ii ry.com Ramadan Lesson plan Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. RAMADAN Ramadan is a very special time of year for the more than one billion Muslims around the world. It is a time of fasting, prayer, devotion to Allah (God), and self-sacrifice. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Muslim holidays follow the lunar calendar. In the lunar calendar, each month begins with the sighting of the new moon. There are twelve months in the lunar calendar and each month is either 29 or 30 days. The lunar calendar is eleven days shorter than the solar calendar, so Ramadan does not always occur at the same time each year. The Fast of Ramadan lasts the entire month. During this time, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset everyday. They eat small meals in the early morning before the sun comes up and do not eat again until evening after the sun has gone down. Fasting is a way of experiencing hunger and developing an understanding for those poor people in the world who do not have much food to eat. It is also a way to learn to be very thankful for everything God provides. The daily evening meal to break the fast is known as Iftar. Iftar usually begins with dates and sweet drinks which provide quick energy after a long day of fasting. Following the Iftar, Muslims often go out visiting family and friends. During Ramadan, Muslims go to the mosque and spend hours praying and studying the Koran. On the 27th of the month, Muslims celebrate the Lay/at-a/-Quadr or the Night of Power. This celebration commemorates the night when Muhammad the Prophet first received the Holy Koran from God. The month of Ramadan ends with a festival called the Eid-a/-Fitr or the Feast of Breaking the Fast. It is one of the most important celebrations in the Muslim faith. People dress in their finest clothes and decorate their homes with lights and ornaments. Family and friends gather together to pray, exchange gifts, and eat large meals. A sense of charity and doing good deeds is also a very important part of these celebrations. Muslims are expected to share their blessings and good fortunes by feeding the poor and making donations to 'rheir mosques. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esHibrary.com for complete details. ,ESLlibra Reading Comprehension Directions: Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the spaces below. 1. How many Muslims are there around the world? 2. Which month of the Muslim calendar is Ramadan? 3. Why does Ramadan not always occur at the same time each year? 4. Why do Muslims fast during Ramadan? 5. How long do Muslims fast each day during Ramadan? 6. How many days is Ramadan? 7. What is the name of the evening meal eaten during Ramadan? 8. Why do Muslims often eat dates at the beginning of the evening meal? 9. What is the significance of the 271h night of Ramadan? 10. How does the month of Ramadan end? Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. libra Vocabulary Review A. Match the words on the left with the correct meaning on the right. 1. fast a. relating to the sun 2. prophet b. power, strength 3. faith c. building where Muslims pray 4. self-sacrifice d. person who teaches religion directly from God 5. lunar e. give 6. solar f. holy book of the Muslim religion 7. entire g. go without food, not eat __8. provide h. relating to the moon __ 9. energy 1. remember, honor the memory of someone or something __ 10. mosque j. giving up of something that one values 11. Koran k. whole 12. commemorate I. religion B. Choose the correct word from the left column above to complete the following sentences. 1. If you don't eat a good breakfast, you won't have enough _______ to work hard all day. 2. The doctor told him to ______for 12 hours before his blood test. He was not allowed to eat or drink anything. 3. We are going to have a barbeque for all our neighbors. We will _______ the meat and others will bring the drinks, salad, and dessert. 4. That book was so interesting! I couldn't put it down. I read the ______ book in one evening. 5. The holy book of the Christian faith is called the Bible. The holy book of the Jewish faith is called the Torah. The holy book of the Muslim faith is called the ____. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The conlents within this ebookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESLLibrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esllibrary.com for complete details. ESLlibrarycom C. Underline the words that are closest in meaning to the words in italics. 1. devotion a. vote b. strong love or religious belief c. dancing 2. festival a. celebration b. teaching c. prayer 3. decorate a. paint b. make beautiful c. clean 4. ornaments a. presents b. decorations c. flowers 5. charity a. church b. helping others c. partying 6. blessings a. good fortunes b. buildings c. books 7. making donations a. speaking b. giving money or help c. cooking Copyright 2008. This eBook Is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookJdocument may only be photocopied by members of ESLLibrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. ESlH Pair Work - Sharing Information - Student A Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading passage about the Muslim faith or Islam. Read your passage and share your information with your partner. Then complete the following questions together. The Prophet Muhammad In the year 570 A.D., -the Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca, which is today in Saudi Arabia. Muhammadwas a -trader and liked to wander through 'the desert thinking about his faith. One night Muhammad was sitting alone when the Angel Gabriel appeared and told Muhammad that he had been chosen to receive the word .of Allah. Gabriel taught Muhammad verses from the Holy Koran which had been sent down from heaven. Muhammad memorized these verses and began to teach the word of God to others. The most important message of the Holy Book of Islam is that God is the creator of the world and controls everything in it. Muslims must live their lives according to the rules of the Holy Koran and must perform the five main duties of Islam. 1. When and where was the Prophet Muhammad born? 2. Where is Mecca located? 3. What did the Angel Gabriel tell Muhammad one night? 4. What did teach Muhammad? 5. What is the name of -the five duties of Islam? -6. What does the word Muslim mean? 7. What does the word Islam mean? 8. What are the Five Pillars of Faith? Explain these five duties. Copyright2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this ebookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary,com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@es!-library,com for complete details. Pair Work - Sharing Information - Student B Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading passage about the Muslim faith or Islam. Share your information with your partner and then complete the questions that follow. The Five Pillars of Faith The word Muslim means "one who gives himself to God" in the Arabic language. Islam means "obedience to God". According to the rules of the Holy Koran, all Muslims must perform five main duties called the Five Pillars of Faith. 1. Shahada (affirmation or positive declaration) - Muslims must worship only Allah. 2. Salat (prayer) - Muslims must pray to Allah five times each day. 3. Zakat (charity) - Muslims must help people who are in need. 4. Siyam (fasting) - Muslims must fast during the month of Ramadan. 5. Hajj (pilgrimage) - Muslims must make the religious trip to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. 1. When and where was the Prophet Muhammad born? 3. What did the Angel Gabriel tell Muhammad one night? 4. What did Gabriel teach Muhammad? 5. What is the name of the five duties of Islam? the word Muslim mean? 7. What does the word Islam mean? 8. What are the Five Pillars of Faith? Explain these five duties. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. Vocabulary, Idioms, and Expressions 1. fast (adjective) - quick, rapid ex. He is a very fast runner. 2. fast (adjective) - showing time later than the true time. ex. I have to get my watch fixed. It is five minutes fast. 3. fast (verb) - to go without food, to not eat ex. Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4. fast (noun) - a period of not eating ex. She went on a three day fast and lost ten pounds. 5. pull a fast one on someone (idiom) - trick or deceive ex. He tried to pull a fast one on me when he gave me the phony ten dollar bill. 6. fast track (idiom) a quick way to get something or somewhere; a short cut ex. There is no fast track to success. There is only hard work. 7. life in the fast lane (idiom) a fast paced life in a big city ex. We lived in New York for a year but we didn't like life in the fast lane, so we moved back to a small town. 8. charity begins at home (expression) - first help the people closest to you before you begin to help others ex. john is very generous with his friends but not very good to his own family. I always have to remind him that charity begins at home. 9. count your blessings (expression) - be thankful for all the good things you have in your life ex. Why do you complain so often? You are a very fortunate person. You really should count your blessings. Copyrighl2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@est-tibrary.com for complete details. libra Now write your own sentences using different meanings of the word "fast" and some of the idioms and expressions from the previous page. ; i ; Copyright 2008. This eBaok is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within Ihis e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance wilh membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. "'-- --"""'-- Iibrar om Find Someone Who ..... Directions: Walk around the classroom and ask your classmates questions. Find someone ..... 1 . who has been on a 2. who can find Mecca on a world map. ____________________ 3. who has given money to charity 4. who likes life in the fast lane. _____________~ ____ 5. who likes to decorate his/her house for the holidays. _______________ 6. who can name the Five Pillars of the Muslim faith. ________________ 7. who has tried to pull a fast one on someone recently. ______________ 8. whose watch is a few minutes fast. _________ 9. who knows the meaning of Islam. _________ 10. who knows when the Prophet Muhammad was born. ______________ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distlibuted by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESl-library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. ESL library.com International WOlDen's Day ! Jj.jCopyright 2008, This eBook is produced and dislrtbuted by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library,com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions, Contact jnfo@esl-librarycom for complete details. 1 ( ~ i ESLlibrary.com Index: International Women's Day p 3,4 - Intennediate-Ievel reading p 5 - Reading comprehension p 6,7 - Vocabulary Review p 8 - Pair Work: Sharing Infonnation (Student A) p 9 - Pair Work: Sharing Infonnation (Student B) p 10 - Group Work: Working with your partner p 11, 12 - Vocabulary and Idioms p 13 - Find Someone Who ... p 14, 15 - Answer Key Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-librarycom for complete details. 2 ESL library.com READING International Women's Day Every year on March 8th, International Women's Day is celebrated by millions of women throughout the world. This day provides the opportunity to remember the struggles of women throughout history as well as the achievements they have made. Marches, demonstrations, concerts, films and conferences take place to recognize the progress women have made in obtaining equality and also to assess the problems that many women around the world still face today. International Women's Day originated at an international congress in 1910 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Women from 17 different countries attended the congress. At that congress, a woman from Germany named Clara Zetkin suggested setting aside a day each year that would be dedicated to fighting for equal rights for women all over the world. Zetkin proposed March 8th as this day because this was the anniversary ofthe first protest march against the terrible working conditions oftextile and garment workers in New York City in 1857. At that time, many of the garment workers lived in crowded tenement houses and worked in firetrap sweatshops for very long hours and very low wages. These conditions pushed many women to begin to fight for their political rights, the right to vote and improved working conditions. Their enthusiasm gave life to the entire movement for women's rights. When Clara Zetkin first suggested making an International Women's Day, there were already signs of the outbreak of World War I. For that reason, she called on women everywhere to link their fight for equal rights with a fight to preserve international peace. Since that time, women's concerns have grown broader and more varied. From the principal demands for better working conditions and the right to vote, the focus has now turned to issues such as equal pay for equal work, equal opportunities for education and training, elimination of poverty, discrimination, and violence against women, improved day care and health services and global disarmament. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-librarycom for complete details. 3 / ESL librarycom reading continued ... In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution inviting every country to proclaim March 8th a United Nations Day for Women's Rights and International Peace. Since then, March 8th has grown to become a truly international celebration. While International Women's Day is now celebrated in nearly every country of the world, the form and content of the celebration varies from country to country. In some countries, it is celebrated as an official national holiday and is used to show respect for the role played by women in society as mothers, workers and citizens. In some places this day is observed much like Mother's Day, with women receiving gifts and flowers. As well as being a day to recognize the progress women have made in their struggle for equal rights and world peace, many people use this day as an opportunity to raise awareness and money for disadvantaged women around the world. While a great deal has already been accomplished, there is still much to do. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-libra[ycom for complete details. 4 ----------------------------------------ESL library.com READING COMPREHENSION Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the spaces below. 1. What do people remember on International Women's Day? __________________ 2. What types of events take place on this day? _______________________ 3. Where did International Women's Day originate? _______________________ 4. Why did Clara Zetkin choose March 8th as the date for International Women's Day? ________ 5. What was life like for the New York garment workers in the mid 19th century? 6. How did International Women's Day become associated with the fight to preserve world peace? 7. What types of issues does International Women's Day focus on now? 8. What role did the United Nations play in making International Women's Day a truly international celebration? 9. How is International Women's Day similar to Mother's Day in some countries? 10. How are disadvantaged women throughout the world helped by this special day? Copyright 2008, This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved, The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-library,com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions, Contact info@esHibrarycom for complete details, 5 ESL library.com VOCABULARY REVIEW A. Match the words on the left with the correct meaning on the right. __ 1. struggle 2. achievement __3. progress __4. originate ___ 5. anniversary 6. textile __7. garment __8. wages 9. link 10. varied 11. elimination __ 12. poverty 13. violence 14. disarmament __ 15. global 16. outbreak a) material, cloth b) money earned from work c) ending, getting rid of, having no more d) different e) fight f) start (of a war, fire, etc.) g) ending the use of weapons (guns, bombs, etc.) h) success i) piece of clothing j) come from; have as a beginning k) around the world 1) moving forward, improving, getting better m) state of being poor n) yearly return of the date of an event 0) great physical force p) join together B. Choose the word(s) with the closest meaning to the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. March 8th is a day that is dedicated to the fight for equal rights for women everywhere. a) described b) demanded c) set apart for a defmite purpose 2. March 8th was the date ofthe first protest march against terrible working conditions. a) meeting b) demonstration to show objection or opposition c) discussion Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this ebookldocument may only be Red River photocopied by members of ESLLibrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact jnfo@eslljbralYcom for complete details. 6 01 / ESL Ii brary'com B. continued 3. Many ofthe gannent workers lived in crowded tenement houses. a) tents b) cabins c) large houses used by many families 4. They worked in firetrap sweatshops for very long hours and very low wages. a) sweater factories b) clothing stores c) factories with terrible working conditions 5. Their principal demands were better working conditions and the right to vote. a) demonstrations b) what they wanted most c) meetings 6. Their enthusiasm gave life to the entire movement for women's rights. a) strike b) strong interest and excitement c) conference 7. The focus now is on issues such as the elimination of poverty and discrimination. a) attention b) camera c) money 8. One of the important issues is the elimination of discrimination against women. a) crime b) unfair treatment c) fighting 9. March 8th is a day to raise awareness of the problems facing many women today. a) make money for b) make people know and think about c) have a protest lO. March 8th is a day to raise money for disadvantaged women around the world. a) being in a bad situation b) not working c) being far away (\";'1()JJCopyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-librarvcom for complete details. Hed River ;, ( C' " ~ 7 ESL library.com PAIR WORK: SHARING INFORMATION - STUDENT A You and your partner each have some different facts and figures about women around the world. Read your information and then work with your partner to complete the questions on the following page. Facts and Figures Women's Leadership Roles, Voting Rights and Economic Positions Did You Know that ... ? In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant equal voting rights to women. In 2006, out of 180 countries, only eleven had elected women as heads of state or government. These included Chile, New Zealand, Mozambique, Finland, Liberia, Ireland, Philippines, Germany, South Korea, Jamaica and Latvia. In 2006, three countries had female Governor-Generals: Canada, The Bahamas, and St. Lucia. Around the world, there are more women in decision-making positions in local governments than in national governments. Switzerland did not grant full voting rights to women until 1971. In the 21 5t century, some countries still do not have full voting rights for women. Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates are two of these. In 2006, Rwanda had the highest proportion of women parliamentarians in the world with the National Assembly comprised of 48.8% women. In over 60 of the world's states, women's income is 50% lower than men's income. 70% of people in extreme poverty - living on less than $1 per day - are women. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-libra[jlcom for complete details. 8 r:--:: ( : ~ ESL library.com PAIR WORK: SHARING INFORMATION - STUDENT B You and your partner each have some different facts and figures about women around the world. Read your information and then work with your partner to complete the questions on the following page. Facts and Figures Women ~ Leadership Roles, Voting Rights and Economic Positions Did You Know that ... ? Women in the United States received full voting rights in 1920, in United Kingdom in 1928. In 2006, only five countries had female vice-presidents. These included Costa Rica, Taiwan, Zimbabwe, Gambia, and El Salvador. In 2006, only 16.1 % of members of national parliaments worldwide were women. In 1995, Sweden became the first country to have an equal number of women and men in ministerial positions. In 2005, Kuwait gave women full voting rights. In 2006, there were 39 women ambassadors to the United Nations. In the United Nations system, women make up 37.1 % of all professional staff, but only 16% of the most senior policy-making positions. Women make up 39% of salaried positions around the world, but women's participation in high levels of economic decision-making remains low throughout the world. In the United States, women hold 50.3% of all management and professional positions, but only 7.9% of Fortune 500 top earners and 1.4% of Fortune 500 CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) are women. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-Iibrarycom for complete details. 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------~ ! ESL Ii brary'com GROUP WORK: Working with your partner(s) A. Question Sheet from Information on Previous Page - You and your partner each have some facts and figures about women's voting rights, leadership roles, and economic positions. Work together to complete the following questions. 1. Which country became the first to grant women equal voting rights? _______________ 2. When did this event occur? 3. Worldwide, do women hold more government positions at the local or national level? _________ 4. In 2006, what was the percentage of women in parliaments worldwide? _____________ 5. Which country granted women full voting rights first, the US or the United Kingdom? ________ 6. Name eleven countries that had elected female heads of state or government in 2006. 7. When did women get full voting rights in Switzerland? ___________________ 8. What percentage of management and professional positions do women hold in the United States? 9. How many countries had female vice presidents in 2006? ____________________ 10. Which country was the first to have an equal number of women and men in ministerial positions? 11. What percentage of senior policy-making positions in the United Nations do women hold? 12. What does CEO mean? 13. What percentage of U.S. Fortune 500 (top companies) have female CEO's? ____________ 14. When did women in Kuwait get full voting rights? _____________________ 15. How many female ambassadors to the United Nations were there in 2006? ____________ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-libra[}'com for complete delails. 10 ESL Ii brary'com VOCABULARY AND IDIOMS 1. be on the same footing or be on an equal footing - (idiom) - to be equal or have an equal status or position ex. Women have fought a hard struggle to be on an equal footing with men. 2. suffrage - (noun) - the right to vote ex. In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant suffrage to all women. 3. suffragette - (noun) - a woman who fought for women's voting rights ex. In the early 1900s, many suffragettes were put in prison for their actions in trying to win the right to vote. 4. girl Friday - (idiom) - a female employee who does a variety of low-level office jobs ex. Ask Mary to mail those letters. She is the girl Friday in our office. 5. glass ceiling - (idiom) - barrier or obstacle that prevents women from moving up in the professional or business world. ex. Even though Jennifer has excellent skills, she never moves any higher in her company. She can't break the glass ceiling. 6. to make a living - (idiom) - earn money to live, support oneself ex. She can't make a living in that job. The wages are too low. 7. breadwinner (idiom) - the person who makes the living in the family or the one who supports the family ex. She has been the main breadwinner ever since her husband lost his job last year. 8. affirmative action - (expression) - a program that requires a certain number ofpeople from a minority group to be hired ex. Because of the government's policy on affirmative action, the university must hire a woman for that position. 9. to get one's foot in the door - (idiom) - to get a chance to advance or move forward ex. Affrrmative action policies helped many women get a foot in the door of the business world. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-baok/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-librarycomfor complete details. 11 ESL Ii brary'com 10. to be in charge of - (idiom) to be the top person or the one in control ex. Amy has a lot of responsibilities at work. She is in charge of her department. 11. to climb the corporate ladder (idiom) - move up in the business world ex. She has climbed the corporate ladder very quickly and is now CEO of her company. 12. gender (noun) sex, class (of male or female) Ex. Many application forms ask you to state your gender. 13. feminine (adjective) of or like women opposite of masculine ex. They wanted their new baby girl's room to look very feminine, so they painted it pink. 14. feminist - (noun) someone who fights for women's rights ex. The hard work of feminists has helped to improve the lives of many women around the world. 15. gender discrimination (expression) unfair treatment because of one's gender Ex. Women are still working hard to end gender discrimination around the world. VOCABULARY AND IDIOM PRACTICE Write your own sentences using the vocabulary and idioms from this and the previous page. Copyright 2006. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESl-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact infQ@esHibrarycom for complete details. 12 ESL librarycom FIND SOMEONE WHO Walk around the classroom asking your classmates questions. Find someone.... 1. who can name five countries with female leaders. 2. who has worked as a girl Friday. 3. who is the breadwinner in hislher family. 4. who has had ajob in which he/she was in charge. 5. who can tell you when women got the right to vote in his/her country. 6. who can explain the tenn "affirmative action". 7. who knows someone who has benefited from an affinnative action policy. 8. who can tell you why March 8th was chosen as the date ofIntemational Women's Day. 9. who knows someone who has experienced gender discrimination. 10. who belongs to a feminist organization. [)]Copyright 2008. This eBaok is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESl-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact jofo@esHjbrarycom for complete details. Red ! ~ i v e r ~ f ~ ~ !'.13 ESL library.com Mother's Day Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All lights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 1 (ESL librarycom ESL Lesson Plans Holidays (Intermediate) Mother's Day READING: Mother's Day Many countries all over the world celebrate Mother's Day. Although not all countries have chosen the same date to celebrate their Mother's Day, children everywhere use this day to show how much they appreciate their mothers. As with many other holidays, Mother's Day dates back to the time ofthe ancient Greeks and Romans. The Greek Goddess of fertility and motherhood was Rhea. Celebrations for Rhea occurred each spring and involved festivities with lots of flowers, honey cakes, and delicious wines. The Romans continued this tradition by celebrating Cybele, the mother of all their gods. The Christians later took this holiday and converted it to a celebration of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus. During the 1600s, England celebrated a holiday called Mothering Sunday. At this time, many of the poor people of England worked as servants for the rich and lived far away from their own families. On Mothering Sunday, which was in the spring, the servants were given the day off to return home to spend time with their mothers. Wildflowers and sweet raisin buns were very popular on this day. Two American women played an important part in bringing Mother's Day to the United States. In 1872, Julia Ward Howe first suggested the idea of Mother's Day in her city, Boston. A short time later, in 1908, a woman named Anna Jarvis wanted to honor her own mother, so she convinced her town in West Virginia to hold a celebration for all mothers. She chose May 10th, the anniversary of her mother's death. Then Anna and her supporters began to write letters to ministers, businessmen, and politicians to try to establish a national Mother's Day. Her campaign was successful and finally, in 1914, the President of the United States declared Mother's Day a national holiday. It would be held every year on the second Sunday of May. By the end ofAnna Jarvis' life, Mother's Day was celebrated in more than 40 countries around the world. Although the traditional role of mothers has changed in many countries over the years, the role of nurturing and caring for families remains. While different countries celebrate and recognize their mothers in different ways, many traditions are similar. Flowers such as carnations and roses have been an important part of Mother's Day for a very long time. As well, children of many different cultures give their mothers cards, chocolates, and presents to show their love and appreciation. In some countries, children do the household chores for the day, prepare meals, serve their mothers breakfast in bed or take them to a restaurant for dinner. In many countries it is also the day of the year when millions of greeting cards are sent, the use of telephone lines is the greatest, and restaurants are the busiest. No matter where one lives, Mother's Day is the one day of the year when children, young and old, recognize and honor their mothers. Copyright 2 0 0 7 ~ This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc, All rights reserved, The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library,com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions, Contact info@esl-library,com for complete details, 2 ESL library.com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) Mother's Day READING COMPREHENSION Directions: Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the spaces below. l. When is Mother's Day celebrated in the United States? 2. Where did Mother's Day originate? 3. When did the celebration of Rhea occur and what did the festivities include? 4. How did the Christians change the celebration of Mother's Day? 5. What was Mothering Sunday? 6. Who first suggested a Mother's Day in United States? 7. Why did Anna Jarvis choose May 10th as a day to honor mothers? 8. What did Anna Jarvis do to try to make Mother's Day a national holiday? 9. When did Mother's Day become an official national holiday in the United States? 10. What are some of the ways that children show their appreciation for their mothers on Mother's Day? Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All tights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be P t photocopied by members of ESl-Ubrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 3 ESL library.com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day VOCABULARY REVIEW A. Match the words on the left with the correct meaning on the right. __ 1. appreciate a) cause someone to believe or feel something 2. ancient b) church leader 3. fertility c) type of flower 4. motherhood d) be thankful; value greatly 5. occur e) care for; bring up, feed, educate 6. honor f) small jobs or work; ordinary house work 7. convert g) from long ago __8. suggest h) change 9. convince i) state of being a mother 10. role j) person who works in a house for payor food 11. nurture k) position; purpose 12. carnation 1) ability to reproduce or make more children l3. minister m) show respect 14. servant n) happen 15. chores 0) give an idea B. Choose the word(s) with the closest meaning to the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. The celebration for the goddess Rhea included lots of cakes and delicious wines. a) expensive b) having a very good taste c) spring 2. Anna Jarvis convinced her town to have a Mother's Day celebration on May 10th, the anniversary of her mother's death. a) festivity b) church c) same date of the year continued on next page .... 1JJ R ~ ~ . . Copyright 2007, This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc, All rights reserved, The contents within this ebook/document may only be " C ~ " 1v ~ r photocopied by members of ESLLibrary.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esllibrary.com for complete details. 4 ESL Ii brary'com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day 3. Anna and her supporters began to write letters to businessmen and politicians. a) women friends b) people who helped her c) co-workers 4. Anna's campaign was successful and Mother's Day became a national holiday. a) letter b) a number of activities with a special purpose c) celebration 5. While different countries celebrate in different ways, many traditions are " ' - = ~ = a) interesting b) happy c) the same C. Choose the correct word from the left column in Exercise A or the underlined words in Exercise B to complete the following sentences. 1. Before we went on our European vacation, we went to the bank to ___________ our American dollars to euros. 2. I can't go to the movie until I finish all my household __________ 3. I want to try that new restaurant. I heard the food there is ___________ 4. I really __________ all your help. Thank you! 5. When you get married, you promise to love and ___________ your husband or wife. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 5 r-.:: : ~ ESL Ii brary'com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day PAIR WORK: Sharing Information (Student A) Directions: You and your partner each have a chart containing different infonnation about Mother's Day around the world. Read your chart and then share your infonnation with your partner so that you can both complete the questions on the following page. Mother's Day Around The World Some of the countries Some of the Some of the countries that Interesting Mother's Day that celebrate countries that celebrate Mother's Day on customs in certain countries Mother's Day on celebrate Mother's different days May 10th Day on the second Sunday in May Bahrain India Australia Canada Argentina - 2nd Sunday in October Portugal- December 8th Children in United States often give mom breakfast in bed. Spanish children give their mothers white roses. Mexico Pakistan Saudi Arabia El Salvador Finland Japan United States Lebanon - first day of Spring South Africa - first Sunday in May Yugoslavia - two weeks before Christmas Russia - on International Women's Day in early March In Spain and Portugal people go to church to pay tribute to the Virgin Mary. In Sweden, the Red Cross sells little plastic flowers and gives he money to women with very large families to go on vacation. In Ethiopia, Mother's Day festivities last two or three days. Children in France give mother a cake decorated like a bouquet of flowers. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. i) , '"6 i ~ ESL library.com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day PAIR WORK: Sharing Information (Student B) Directions: You and your partner each have a chart containing different infonnation about Mother's Day around the world. Read your chart and then share your infonnation with your partner so that you can both complete the questions on the following page. Mother's Day Around The World Some of the countries Some of the Some of the countries that Interesting Mother's Day that celebrate countries that celebrate Mother's Day on customs in certain countries Mother's Day on celebrate Mother's different days May 10th Day on the second Sunday in May Hong Kong Belgium Spain - first Sunday in May Children in Portugal give their mothers white roses. Malaysia Denmark United Arab Emirates - March 21st The Prench celebrate mother's day like a family birthday. Oman Italy Prance -last Sunday in May In Mexico, more greeting cards are sent for Mother's Day han any other occasion. Qatar Turkey Norway - second Sunday in !February In Yugoslavia, children tie up heir mother and only release Singapore Sweden - last Sunday in May Ethiopia - whenever the rainy season ends her when she gives them sweets. In Japan, children between six and 14 honor their mother by entering a drawing of her in an art contest. Winning drawings are put in an exhibit that travels around the world. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be i' : ." photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esllibrary.com for complete details. 7 ESL library.com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day PAIR WORK: QUESTION SHEET - MOTHER'S DAY AROUND THE WORLD Directions: Work with your partner to answer the following questions. (You each have half the information on your chart on the previous page.) L When is Mother's Day in Canada? 2. Which country celebrates Mother's Day at the end of the rainy season? 3. In which two countries do children give their mothers white roses on Mother's Day? 4. Which country honors their mothers on International Women's Day in early March? 5. Which two countries celebrate Mother's Day on the last Sunday in May? 6. In which country do mothers often receive their breakfast in bed on Mother's Day? 7. When does Norway celebrate Mother's Day? 8. In which country do Mother's Day festivities last two or three days? 9. Which country celebrates Mother's Day in October? 10. Where do children honor their mothers by entering an art contest for Mother's Day? 11. Name two countries that celebrate Mother's Day in December. 12. Which country is known for the large number of greeting cards that are sent for Mother's Day? 13. In which country do mothers receive a cake that is decorated like a bouquet of flowers? 14. What do Yugoslavian children do to their mothers on Mother's Day? 15. What does the Swedish Red Cross do on Mother's Day to help some women? photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 8 ESL Ii brary'com ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day VOCABULARY, IDIOMS, AND EXPRESSIONS Informal or affectionate terms used for "mother" rna, mom, mum, mummy, mommy, mama Different Types of Mothers 1. birth mother - a person's biological mother; the woman who gives birth to the child 2. adoptive mother - a woman who has the legal right to raise a child that is not hers by birth 3. foster mother - a woman who looks after a child when the birth parents cannot do so 4. step-mother a woman who is married to the child's father but is not the birth mother 5. single mom (mother) - a woman who raises her child without the father 6. mother-in-law the mother of one's husband or wife 7. grand-mother the mother of one's father or mother 8. great grand-mother - the grand-mother of one's mother or father 9. stay-at-home mom (mother) - a mother who does not work outside the house 10. working mom (mother) - a mother who works outside the home 11. surrogate mother - a woman who carries and gives birth to a child for a woman who cannot give birth to a child herself 12. godmother an honorary title given to a woman when a child is baptized in the Church; she promises to be a good support to the child throughout life Idioms and Expressions 1. to learn something at your mother's knee to learn something when you are a young child Ex. She learned to sew at her mother's knee. 2. to be tied to your mother's apron strings - to not be able to think or act independently; to still need your mother Ex. He is almost 30 years old and still tied to his mother's apron strings. tUJv Hell Rin:r il' Copyright 2007, This aBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.comforcompletedetails. 9 ~ ' ESLlibrary.com / ESL Lesson Plans - Holidays (Intermediate) - Mother's Day 3. Mother Nature - the force that controls the natural world Ex. There were so many trees blown down in last night's storm. It really shows you the force of Mother Nature. 4. a mummy's (momma's) boy - a boy or man who allows his mother to have too much influence on him. Ex. Robert is a real momma's boy. He broke up with his girlfriend because his mother didn't like her. 5. mother tongue - one's native language; the language one learns as a child Ex. Her mother tongue is French, but she now can speak more than four languages. 6. mum's the word - it's a secret; don't tell Ex. The birthday party is a surprise, so mum's the word! 7. Necessity is the mother of invention - If you really need something, you will invent or think ofa way to get it. Ex. When Mary ran out of sugar, she tried using honey instead to bake her cake. It turned out to be the best cake she had ever made. Necessity really is the mother of invention. VOCABULARY AND IDIOM PRACTICE Now write your own sentences using the vocabulary and idioms on this and the previous page. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 10 Lli chanukah Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.Gom, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. Lli CHANUKAH Chanukah, or the Festival of Lights, is a special time ofyear for Jewish people around the world. Chanukah begins on the 25th day of the month of Kislev on the Jewish calendar. On the western calendar, this holiday varies from year to year but usually occurs sometime between the end of November and the end of December. The holiday of Chanukah celebrates a military victory which occurred over two thousand years ago in the land of Judea. At that time, Judea was controlled by a Syrian-Greek king named Antiochus. Antiochus ordered all the Jewish people living in the area to give up their customs and beliefs, their religion, their God, and their temples. He ordered them to worship only the Greek Gods. Some of the Jewish people obeyed the king's orders, but others refused. One of the men who refused was named Judah Maccabee. Judah and his four brothers and a number of other men soon formed an army to fight against the Syrians. They called themselves the Maccabees. The Maccabees and the Syrians fought for almost three years until the Maccabees finally defeated the Syrians. After the Maccabees had defeated the Syrians in Jerusalem, the Maccabees wanted to reclaim their temple and rededicate it to the worship of their God. They began to clean the temple, wash the walls and remove the Greek symbols and statues inside. When they finished restoring the temple, they looked for some oil to light the lamp which is present in every Jewish house of worship. They found a tiny jug of oil but knew it was only enough to last for one night. Then a miracle occurred. The oil burned not just for one night, but for eight nights. It lasted until a new supply of oil could be brought to the temple. From that time on, Jews have celebrated Chanukah in memory of their victory over the Syrians and the miracle of the oil. The Hebrew word Chanukah means "dedication", a reminder of their rededication of their temple so long ago. Nowadays, Jewish families celebrate Chanukah by lighting candles in a special candle holder called a menorah. A menorah holds nine candles. One candle is for each of the eight nights of Chanukah and one candle is used to light the others. On the first night of the celebration, one candle is lit. This continues each night until all the candles are lit. Special blessings are also said each night before the candles are lit. Chanukah includes several other customs such as eating potato pancakes called latkes, playing a game with a spinning toy called a dreidel, and giving coins called Chanukah gelt to children. Chanukah occurs close to the Christian holiday of Christmas and has also become a time of gift giving, decorating the house, and entertaining families and friends. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this .,..book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and condilions. Contact info@esllibrary.com for complete details. ESllibra Reading Comprehension Directions: Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the space below. 1. What is another name for Chanukah? 2. When does Chanukah begin on the Jewish calendar? 3. When does Chanukah occur on the western calendar? 4. What does Chanukah celebrate? 5. Why did Judah Maccabee and his army fight against the Syrians? 6. How long did it take the Maccabees to defeat the Syrians? 7. What miracle occurred when the Maccabees were rededicating their temple? 8. What is a menorah? 9. What is the meaning of the Hebrew word Chanukah? 10. How long does the celebration of Chanukah last? Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookJdocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library,com for complete details. ESLIibrary'com Vocabulary Review A. Match the words on the left with the correct meaning on the right. 1. miracle a. a place to worship God 2. occur b. a kind of bottle or container to hold liquids __ 3. military c. do what someone tells you to do __ 4. victory d. change, be different __ 5. temple e. take back; say something is yours again __ 6. worship f. happen __ 7. obey g. army 8. refuse h. pray; show respect to God 9. decorate i. say no; say you will not do something 10. reclaim j. a win; a success in a war or a game __ ll.jug k. make beautiful __ 12. vary I. something wonderful that cannot be explained; a wonderful act of God B. Choose the correct word from the left column above to complete the following sentences. 1. When you finish pouring the milk, please put the ________ back in the fridge. 2. Soldiers in the army must ___________ their officers. 3. It is a __________that he can walk now. After his car accident the doctors said that he would never walk again, but after only six months he started to walk. 4. Our soccer team lost our first six games. Last night we had our first __________ this year, so we had a party to celebrate. 5. I am having a party for my friend's birthday. I have to buy some balloons and ribbon to _______________________ thehouse. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact inlo@esl-library.com for complete details. libra .(om C. Choose the words that are closest in meaning to the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. It took almost three years for the Maccabees to the Syrians. aJ fight b) win a victory over c] obey 2. The Maccabees wanted to rededicate their temple to the worship of their God. a. clean b) build c) make it for a special purpose again 3. After they restored the temple, they looked for some oil to light the lamp. a) brought it back to good condition b) bought c) built 4. There are special blessings before the candles are lit. a) greetings b) prayers c) lights The celebration of Chanukah is a reminder of the miracle of the oiL aj party b) festival cj something that makes you remember Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. lli Pair Work - Sharing Information - Student A Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading passage about one of the symbols of Chanukah. Read your passage and share your information with your partner. Then complete the following questions together. The Dreidel Game Thousands of years ago in the land of Judea, Jewish people were not allowed to practice their religion. However, they would often gather together secretly to study and pray. When the Syrian soldiers appeared, the Jewish people would hide their books and start to play with a dreidel. Nowadays, children playa dreidel game as part of the celebration of Chanukah. The dreidel is a spinning top with four sides. Each side of a dreidel has a Hebrew letter on it. The letters stand for the words, "A great miracle happened here". To play the game, each player starts with a number of coins or candies. Before spinning the dreidel, each player puts a certain amount of coins or candies into the center. Each player spins the dreidel. When the dreidel falls, it will fall on the one of the four letters. Depending on which letter the dreidel falls on, the player will either win everything in the center, win half, neither win nor lose, or lose everything he/she put in the center. 1. What is a dreidel? 2. What do the letters on a dreidel stand for? 3. Why is the dreidel game a part of the Chanukah celebration? 4. What is a latke? 5. Why is oil important in Chanukah dishes? 6. What do people often eat with latkes? ___________________ Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. Llib Pair Work - Sharing Information - Student B Directions: You and your partner each have a short reading passage about one of the symbols of Chanukah. Read your passage and share your information with your partner. Then complete the following questions together. Latkes Latkes are potatoes pancakes. They are a very important part of the Jewish celebration of Chanukah. Latkes are made from grated potatoes which are mixed with onions, eggs and flour. They are then fried in vegetable oil. Oil is the most popular ingredient in Chanukah dishes because it is a reminder of the miracle of the oil. Latkes are crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. Most people eat latkes with either apple sauce or sour cream. The Maccabee soldiers ate latkes when they were fighting against the Syrian army. In those days, latkes were made from fruits, vegetables and cheese rather than potatoes. 1. What is a dreidel? 2. What do the letters on a dreidel stand for? 3. Why is the dreidel game a part of the Chanukah celebration? 4. What is a latke? 5. Why is oil important in Chanukah dishes? 6. What do people often eat with latkes? Copyright 2007. This eBaok is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookJdocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Ubrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.comforcomplete details. Lli The Festival of Lights - Chanukah Vocabulary, Idioms, and Expressions The word light is used as a noun, verb, and adjective. It is also used in many idioms. 1. light (noun) - something that makes it possible to see. ex. It's very dark in this room. Can you please turn on a lig)]1. 2. light (verb) - start burning. ex. It's very cold in here. Can you please lig)]1 the fire. 3. light (adjective) - not heavy ex.. I can carry my own suitcase. It's very light. Idioms and Expressions 1 . light-headed - dizzy ex. I haven't eaten all day. I feel light-headed. 2. the green light - permission; saying it is okay to do something ex. He gave me the green light to start the project, so we will begin tomorrow. 3. see the light - finally understand something or realize the truth ex. Everybody told her that her boyfriend was not a very nice man. She has finally seen the light. She broke up with him last week. 4. the light at the end of the tunnel - the end of something is near; a hopeful sign that you are almost finished something ex. After four years of studying, I can finally see 5. lighten up - relax, don't be so serious ex. You worry all the time. Why don't you try 6. light-hearted - not serious; happy and humorous ex. I really enjoy your friendship. You have such a light-hearted approach to life. 7. come to light - become known ex. A lot of new information about cancer has come to light in the last few years. 8. the light of one's life - the most important person in one's life, the love of one's life ex. You are the light of my life. Let's get married. 9. a light-house - a tall tower or building with a strong flashing light to guide ships ex. The light-house will help us get through the storm and reach the shore. 10. light up -light a cigarette, begin to smoke ex. You can't light up in that restaurant. You will have to go outside if you want to smoke. Copyright2007. This eBook is produced and distlibuted by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESl-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. ESLlibra Vocabulary and Idiom Practice Now write your own sentences using the word "light" as a noun, verb, and adjective. Also write sentences using the idioms and expressions from the previous page. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookJdocument may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. ibra (om Find Someone Who ..... Directions: Walk around the classroom and ask your classmates questions. Find someone 1 . who has eaten latkes. 2. who has seen a menorah. 3. who is light-hearted. 4. who has been inside a light-house. 5. who can tell you how to make latkes. 6. who played with a spinning top when he/she was a child. 7. who can tell you the meaning of the Hebrew word Chanukah. 8. who feels light-headed if he/she doesn't eat breakfast. 9. who remembers the name of the Syrian-Greek King who ordered the Jewish people to give up their religion. 10. who decorates his/her house for a holiday celebration. Copyright 2007. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-tibrary.com for complete details. ~ : ~ ESL Ii brary'com St. Patrick's Day Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 1 ESL library.com St. Patrick's Day READING St. Patrick's Day March 17th is St. Patrick's Day. This is Ireland's most important national holiday, but it is also a special day for Irish people living throughout the world. On st. Patrick's Day, people ofIrish descent wear the color green. This is the national color ofIreland. It is the color of the shamrock, a plant with three leaves on a single stem. The shamrock is a symbol of Ireland and St. Patrick's Day. In many cities, St. Patrick's Day is celebrated with parades, dances, and festive dinners. People greet each other with good wishes and often send cards to each other. Many stores are filled with green decorations and cakes and candies are often decorated with the color green. Some restaurants and pubs even sell green beer! The History of St. Patrick's Day St. Patrick was born at the end of the 4th century in Britain. When he was 16, he was kidnapped from his home by a group ofIrish pirates and taken to Ireland. In Ireland, he was sold as a slave and had to work for the next six years as a shepherd. When Patrick was living in Ireland as a slave, he had a very lonely life and he turned to religion for comfort. After six long years of slavery, at the age of22, he escaped to France and began to study the bible. Later he became a priest and decided to return to Ireland to convert the people to Christianity. Patrick was a very brave man and the people admired him. He traveled all over the country setting up schools and churches for the Irish people. He also worked very hard to develop a strong national spirit in the country. There are many stories about St. Patrick. Some people say that he used the shamrock when he was teaching about Christianity. The shamrock with its three leaves represented the Trinity (the father, the son, and the holy spirit), which is a basic principle of the Catholic religion. Many people believe that St. Patrick performed miracles. The most famous story about St. Patrick is that he drove all the snakes out of Ireland. He put them in a box and threw them into the sea. People say that is why there aren't any snakes in Ireland today. St. Patrick died on March 17th, 461. Ever since his death, March 17th has been celebrated as st. Patrick's Day. It is an important day for the Irish because it celebrates the conversion ofIreland to Christianity. Nowadays, it is also a special day to celebrate one's Irish traditions and to have fun. Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this ebookJdocument may only be photocopied by members of ESLLibrary.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ESL library.com St. Patrick's Day READING COMPREHENSION Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner. Then write the answers in the spaces below. I. Which country celebrates S1. Patrick's Day as a national holiday? ________________ 2. When was St. Patrick born? 3. What happened to Patrick when he was 16? ______________________ 4. What kind of work did he do when he was a slave? 5. How long did he live in slavery? _____________________________ 6. What did Patrick do after he escaped to France? ______________________ 7. Why did Patrick return to Ireland? ___________________________ 8. What did Patrick do to help the people ofIreland? ____________________ 9. When did Patrick die? 10. How do people celebrate St. Patrick's Day? _______________________ Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc, All rights reserved, The contents within this e-book/document may only be phctocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions, Contact info@esl-library,com for complete details, 3 r:-: . ~ ESL library.com St. Patrick's Day VOCABULARY REVIEW A. Match the word on the left with the correct meaning on the right. 1. descent a. change 2. shamrock b. a person who takes care of sheep __ 3. kidnap c. a festive march with music and costumes 4. slave d. like and respect __ 5. shepherd e. a thief or robber who lives on the sea 6. bible f. a plant which usually has three leaves on each stem __7. priest g. origin, coming from 8. convert h. a person who is forced to work for someone and can be bought and sold 9. admire i. an unbelievable event, an act of God lO. miracle j. to steal a person __ 11. pirate k. a religious man who works for the church __ 12. parade 1. a book of sacred writings of the church B. Choose the correct word from the left column above to complete the following sentences. (You may have to change a verb tense or make a noun plural.) 1. Pierre is of French __________. His grandparents moved to Canada from France forty years ago. 2. In many cartoon movies, a __________ wears a black patch over one eye and a scarf on his head. 3. When his mother recovered from cancer, he thought it was a __________ 4. The is the national symbol ofIreland. 5. There were many clowns, dancers, and marching bands in the __________ 6. The will perform the marriage ceremony in the church. 7. Before the American Civil War, it was legal to own ____________ in the U.S.A. After the war, the black people became free. 8. You can __________ your American dollars to Canadian dollars at the airport. 9. He is a very religious person. He reads the everyday. 10. After they the child, they asked for a million dollars for his safe return. )) Copyright 2008. This eBook is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-bookldocument may only be ged River ,. "; s :. photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com. in accordance with membership tenns and conditions. Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details. 4 --------------ESL librarycom St. P