Holiday Homework f4

7/25/2019 Holiday Homework f4

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Chemistry Form 4 End-Year Holiday Exercise

CHAPTER 31. In an experiment , 1.12 g o metal ! is "#rnt in oxygen o prod#ce 1.$ g o metal

! oxide.%hat is the empirical orm#la o metal x oxide &

' (elati)e atomic mass * +, 1$ !, $

/ !+ 0 !+2 C !2+ !2+

2.+ne compo#nd has the percentage composition "y mass as ollo3 * a , $. 56, 2.45, and 7.185 o oxygen.%hat is the empirical orm#la o thiscompo#nd &' (elati)e atomic mass, a, 2 6, 2 +,1$

/ a26+ 0 a26+4 C a262+ a262+7

3. 2.4 g o an element ! com"ines 3ith 1.$8g o another element.3hat is theempiricalorm#la or the res#lting compo#nd &' (elati)e atomic mass * !9 24. Y, 1$

/ !2Y 0 !Y C !Y2 !2Y

4. 24 g o an element : reacts 3ith 2 g o s#lph#r to orm a compo#nd.%hat isthe mostli;ely orm#la or this compo#nd &' (elati)e atomic mass , :, $ 6, 2

/ :6 0 :26 C :64 :46

5. 8.2 moles o ( com"ine 3ith 12 g o oxygen to orm an oxide.%hich o theollo3ing isthe empirical orm#la or the oxide o ( &

/ (+ 0 (+ C (2+ (+2

6. / compo#nd 3ith the orm#la o (:4is ormed "y the reaction "et3een 42.8 g o( and 1$.8 g o : . %hat is the relati)e atomic mass o ( &' (elati)e atomic mass :, 1$

/ 14 0 2 C 42 $

7. %hat is the maxim#m


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9. 12.4 g o phosphor#s reacts completely 3ith ?.$ g o oxygen gas.%hich o theollo3ing isthe correct e


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.g6+4. B H2+ =s> g6+4=s> A B H2+ =g>

Ho3 many moles o 3ater )apo#r is released 3hen 4 g o magnesi#m s#lphateis prod#ced &' (elati)e atomic mass * g 24 +, 1$ 6, 2 H, 1

/ 8.4 mol 0 4. mol C .1 mol $. mol16.

2 /l =s> A C#+ =s> /l2+=s> A C#=s>

Find the mass o al#mini#m reoxide.' (elati)e atomic mass +, 1$ /l, 2B C#, $4

/ 2.B g 0 .4 g C 7.1 g 18.7 g

17.

%rite a "alanced e A C+2=g> A H2+ =l>

I 18.8 g o sodi#m hydrogen car"onate is #sed, 3hat is the mass o sodi#mcar"onate that is prod#ced &

' (elati)e atomic mass * C, 12 +, 1$ , a, 2 H, 1

/ $.4 g 0 .4 g C .8 g 2.4 g

20.

Copper car"onate decomposes according to the e


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CHAPTER 61. :he g#re 1 "elo3 sho3s the apparat#s #sed in the electrolysis o molten lead=II>

"romide.

Fig#re 1

a> %hat is electrolysis &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG...' 2 mar;s

"> 6tate the meaning o

i> cations *GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

ii> anions *GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

iii> cathode *GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.

i)> anode *GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

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' 4 mar;sc> Identiy the anions and cations present in molten lead =II> "romide.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

d> %hich ions are attracted to

i> anode * GGGGGGGGGG. ii> cathode * GGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

e> %rite the hal e anode * GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..

ii> cathode * GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG. ' 2mar;s

> I molten lead =II> "romide is replaced "y molten sodi#m chloride, predict theprod#ctormedat

i> anode * GGGGGGGGG.. ii> cathode* GGGGGGGGG.. ' 2mar;s

2. :he Fig#re 2 "elo3 sho3s the apparat#s #sed to st#dy "y the electrolysis o

copper =II> chloride sol#tion.

Fig#re 2

:he electrolysis is carried o#t #sing a chloridesol#tionand car"on electrodes.

a> %rite the orm#lae o all ions o#nd in the copper =II> chloride sol#tion.

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

"> %hat is o"ser)ed at the electrode Y d#ring the electrolysis &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

c> i> ame the prod#ct ormed at the electrode !.


ii> 6tate one test to )eriy that the prod#ct ormed at electrode ! is the prod#ct yo# named in =i>.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

d> %rite the hal e Explain 3hy the prod#ct yo# mentioned in =e> =i> is ormed.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG.GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..

' 2 mar;s

. Fig#re "elo3 sho3s the set #p o apparat#s to p#ried a sample o imp#recopper = containing inc and sil)er as imp#rities > "y electrolysis.

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a> In order to rene the imp#re copper as in the apparat#s sho3n, 3hich one o thepole ( or 6 is the anode &


GGGG' 2 mar;s

"> ame a s#ita"le electrolyte #sed in the process.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

c> %hat happens to imp#re copper electrode d#ring electrolysis& %rite one e Explain yo#r ans3er in =d> =i>.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

e> i> %hat 3o#ld "e o"ser)ed at the cathode &

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

ii> %rite an ion-electron e %hat is salt "ridge & %hat is its #nction &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

"> %hat is the con)ersion o energy that ta;es place in the cell &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..' 1 mar;

c> i> In 3hich direction do electrons Jo3 thro#gh the circ#it in Fig#re 4 &


ii> %hich is the negati)e terminal o the cell &Di)e a reason to yo#r ans3er.

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..' 2 mar;s

d> i> ame the prod#ct ormed at the iron electrode.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..' 1 mar;

ii> %rite an e %hat happens to the cell )oltage i the iron electrode is replaced 3ith the copperelectrode &


CHAPTER 7 (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS1. %hen 2.8 g o sodi#m hydroxide are present in 88 cmo its sol#tion,3hat is its

molarity&

' (elati)e atomic mass * a, 2 +, 1$ H , 1

/ 8.881 moldm- 0 8.81 moldm- C 8.1 moldm- 1.8mol dm-

2. Calc#late the n#m"er o moles o s#lph#ric acid in 188 cm8.2 moldm-o itssol#tion &' (elati)e atomic mass * H,1 6, 2 +, 1$

/ 8.81 0 8.82 C 8.18 8.28

. %hat is the concentration o hydroxide ions 3hen 7. g o "ari#m hydroxide isdissol)edin 3ater to prod#ce 28 cmo sol#tion &' (elati)e atomic mass * 0a, 1B +, 1$ H, 1

/ 8.81 0 8.8 C 8.28 8.48

4. 288 cmo 8. moldm-o hydrochloric acid 3as prepared rom a standardsol#tion o2 moldm-hydrochloric acid. Calc#late the )ol#me o the standard sol#tionneeded to "edil#te 3ith acid &

/ 8 cm 0 B cm C 188 cm 18 cm

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. %hat is the mass o potassi#m hydroxide po3der #sed to prod#ce 188 cmo8. moldm-

potassi#m hydroxide sol#tion &

' (elati)e atomic mass * +, 1$ , ?, H,1

/ 1.4 0 2.7 C 4.2 .$$ Calc#late the )ol#me o 3ater needed to "e added to 48 cmo 2.8 moldm-

s#lph#ric acidto o"tain 78 cmo 1 moldm-s#lph#ric acid .

/ 28 cm 0 48 cm C $8 cm 78 cm

Questions 7 and 8 are based on the information below :

Kinc po3der reacts 3ith hydrochloric acid to prod#ce inc chloride andhydrogen gas,

according to the e A 2 HCl=a KnCl2=a A H2=g>

B. Calc#late the mass o inc chloride that is ormed 3hen 1. g o inc po3derreacts 3ithexcess hydrochloric acid.' (elati)e atomic mass * Kn, $ Cl, .

/ 1.$ 0 2.B2 C .47 $.B2

7 Calc#late the )ol#me o the hydrogen gas released at room conditions 3hen 1.g o incpo3der reacts 3ith excess hydrochloric acid.' olar )ol#me * 24 dmmol-1 at room conditions

/ 128 cm 0 248 cm C $8 cm 478 dm

?.2 H+ A 0a=+H>2 0a=+>2 A 2 H2+

2 cmo 8. mol dm-nitric acid reacts 3ith 2 cmo "ari#m hydroxidesol#tion. %hat is

the concentration o "ari#m hydroxide sol#tion &

/ 8.2 moldm- 0 8. moldm- C 1.8 moldm- 2.8 moldm-

18.

H26+4 A 2 Li+H Li26+4 A 2 H2+8 cmo 8.1 moldm-s#lph#ric acid is ne#tralied "y 188 cmo lithi#mhydroxide sol#tion.%hat is the concentration o lithi#m hydroxide sol#tion #sed in the reaction &

/ 8.88 moldm- 0 8.1 moldm- C 8.2 moldm- 8.82 moldm-

11. a2C+ A 2 HCl 2 aCl A C+2 A H2+

0ased on the e


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condition i2 cmo 8. moldm-hydrochloric acid reacts 3ith sodi#m car"onate &' (elati)e atomic mass * H, 1 C, 12 +, 1$ a,2 Cl . 1 mol o gas occ#pies24dmatroom condition

/ 8.1 0 8.8 C 8.24 8.8

12.

:he e nitrate, @"=+>2sol#tion.

/ cm 0 18 cm C 1 cm 2 cm

1

.

Calci#m car"onate reacts 3ith hydrochloric acid according to the chemical

e


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. iodide sol#tionto react completely according to the ionic e2 A H2

Calc#late the )ol#me o 1. moldm-nitric acid that is needed to completely react3ith8.4 g o metal !.' (elati)e atomic mass * !, 24

/ 1 cm 0 28 cm C 8 cm 4 cm

28.

18 cm

o 8.2 moldm-

:=+H>sol#tion is ne#tralied "y cm

o 1.8 moldm-

HM sol#tion.

:he salt prod#ced rom the reaction is

/ :M 0 :2M C :M2 :3M2

CHAPTER 7 (STRUCTURE QUESTIONS!

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..


GGGG. ' 2 mar;s

e> %rite an e etermine the concentration o the dil#te s#lph#ric acid.

' mar;sh> @redict the )ol#me o nitric acid needed to achie)e the end point i the dil#tes#lph#ric acid is replaced 3ith acid o the same concentration. %hy &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG ' 2 mar;s

2. il#te s#lph#ric acid is added slo3ly rom a "#rette to "ari#m hydroxide sol#tion

in a "ea;er as sho3n in Fig#re 2

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Fig#re 2

a> %hat ions are present in the "ari#m hydroxide sol#tion &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.GGGG ' 2 mar;s

"> %hat ions are present in the dil#te s#lph#ric acid &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 2 mar;s

c> %hat can "e seen in the "ari#m hydroxide sol#tion 3hen the dil#te s#lph#ric acidis added &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 2 mar;s

d> :a"le 1 sho3s the res#lts o the experiment.

:a"le 1

6;etch a graph sho3 ho3 the "rightness o the "#l" changes 3ith the )ol#me odil#tes#lph#ric acid added

15

Nol#me odil#te s#lph#ric acid

= cm>

0rightness o the"#l"

8 0right immer18 E)en dimmer1 Does oO 28 im2 Less dim8 0right


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' mar;s .

e> Explain the shape o the graph s;etch in =d>.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG ' $mar;s

. 8.1 mol dm-hydrochloric acid rom a "#rette is added little "y little into aconical Jas; containing 18.8 cmo "ari#m hydroxide and a e3 drops o methyl orange #ntilthe end point is reached. :he "#rette readings o the hydrochloric acid "eore and aterthe titration

are sho3n in Fig#re .

Fig#re a> 0ased on Fig#re , record the initial and nal readings into the ta"le "elo3*

Final "#rette reading= cm>

Initial "#rette reading = cm>

Nol#me o hydrochloric acid

' 2 mar;s

"> 6tate the change in colo#r o the methyl orange at the end point o titration.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 2 mar;s

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c> ame a s#ita"le apparat#s #sed to meas#re 18.8 cmo "ari#m hydroxidesol#tion.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

d> ame the reaction that occ#rs in the conical Jas;.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

e> %hat preca#tion m#st "e ta;en 3hen hydrochloric acid rom the "#rette is addedto the "ari#m hydroxide sol#tion in the conical Jas; &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;

> Calc#late the concentration o "ari#m hydroxide in mol dm-.

' 4mar;s

4. / st#dent added 1 cmportion o an acid H/ to 2 cmo 8.18 mol dm-sodi#mhydroxide . /ter each addition o acid , the st#dent meas#red the pH o the mixt#re "y #singa pH meter. From the res#lts, the st#dent dre3 the titration c#r)e sho3n "elo3.

Fig#re 4

a> ame the chemical reaction that occ#rred.

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG' 1 mar;

"> %hat is the pH o a ne#tral sol#tion &


c> %hat is the property o the acid, H/ &

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.' 1 mar;d> 6#ggest a s#ita"le acid or H/.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG..' 1 mar;e> i> %hat is the )ol#me o acid needed to ne#tralie the al;ali &


ii> %rite a "alance e 0y #sing one named example o a strong acid, explain the chemicalproperties o an acid.Incl#de the chemical e


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diuji dengan kertas litmus biru.

6ol#tion P Larutan +"ser)ation P emerhatian/ Ethanoic acid in 3ater

Asid etanoik dalam air0l#e litm#s paper t#rns red!ertas litmus biru bertukarmerah

0 Ethanoic acid in propanoneAsid etanoik dalam propanon o change"iada perubahan

:/0LE 1 P Q/M/L 1

0ased on :a"le 1, explain the diOerence in the o"ser)ationBerdasarkan Jadual 1, terangkan perbe#aan dalam pemerhatian itu

/ras tinggi'4 mar;s

2 :he ollo3ing inormation is a"o#t t3o diOerent al;alis.

$aklumat di ba%ah adalah mengenai dua alkali &ang berlainan.

A#$%#&Alkali

C')*,%&''#/-3

Kepekatan /moldm-3

HpH

6odi#m hydroxidesol#tion

Larutannatriumhidroksida

8.1 1

/mmonia sol#tionLarutan ammonia

8.1 18

Explain 3hy the t3o al;alis ha)e diOerent pH )al#es."erangkan mengapa dua alkali tersebut mempun&ai nilai p' &angberlainan.

/ras tinggi '$mar;s

:he ollo3ing inormation is a"o#t t3o diOerent acids.$aklumat di ba%ah adalah mengenai dua asid &ang berlainan.

A)&/asid

C')*,%&''#/-3

Kepekatan /moldm-3

HpH

Hydrochloric acid 8.1 1

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Heat

Panaskan

CuCO3

Lime waterAir kapur

Copper(II)carbonate isheated and the gasproduced is passedthrough lime water.

Kuprum(II) karbonatdipanaskan dan gasyang terhasil dialirkanmelalui air kapur.

Green solid turnsblack.The lime water turnsmilk.

Pepejal hijaumenjadi hitam.Air kapur menjadikeruh.

!ased on the experiment "(i) state the name of the products formed.

###############################$1 mark%

(ii) write a chemical e&uation for the reaction.

################################$1 mark%

'

iagram shows two chemical reactions involving salt . Rajah menunjukkan dua tindak balas kimia melibatkan garam J.

*se the information in the iagram to answer the following &uestions.Gunakan maklumat dalam Rajah itu untuk menjawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a) +tate the name of salt .yatakan nama garam J.

################################.$1 mark%

(b) ,xplain how ou would carr out a simple test to confirm oxgen gas isproduced when salt is heated in a test tube.

21

larut dalam air


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!erangkan bagaimana anda boleh menjalankan satu ujian ringkas untukmengesahkan gas oksigen terhasil apabila garam J dipanaskan.

............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................$' marks% KBAT

(c) +tate two observations when salt is heated in a test tube-yatakan dua pemerhatian apabila garam J dipanaskan dalam sebuahtabung uji."

#################################.#################################.

$' marks%(d) rite a chemical e&uation for the decomposition of salt b heat

!uliskan persamaan kimia bagi penguraian garam J oleh haba.

............................................................................................................................

$' marks%(e) (i) /ame a&ueous solution T 0 amakan larutan akueus !.

...................................................................................................................$1 mark%

(ii) hat is the name for the tpe of reaction between solution withsolution T-Apakah nama bagi jenis tindakbalas antara larutan J dengan larutan !"

##############################.$1 mark%

(f) hat is observed when an acidified solution of salt is shaken with iron(II)sulphate solution in a test tube and then concentrated sulphuric acid is addedslowl down the side of the test tube.Apakah yang diperhatikan apabila larutan garam J berasid ditambahkanlarutan #erum($$) sul#at dalam sebuah tabung uji dan kemudian asid sul#urikpekat ditambahkan dengan perlahan ke bawah melalui sisi tabung uji itu.

#################################.$1 mark%

CHAPTER 8 (ESSA"!

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la!k residue

aki "itamHeated

#ipanaskan

$et"%d A&aeda" A

' C%pper ())* Car+%nate&uprum ())* &ar+%nat

3

:3o sol#tions are #sed to prepare car"onate salt. iagram "elo3 sho3s thereaction scheme in preparing Copper =II> Car"onate.

In process I, sol#tion ! and Y are mixed and green precipitate isormed.

=a> =i> ame the "l#e sol#tion ! and colo#rless sol#tion Y in diagram

18. A,% ,*/%'2 mar;s

=ii> ame the ethod /.

A,% ,*/%'1 mar;

=iii> %rite the "alanced chemical e


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=ii> escri"e ho3 yo# 3o#ld prepare Copper =II> car"onate thro#ghethod / "y #sing a s#ita"le salt sol#tion.Yo#r ans3er sho#ld consist o the ollo3ing*

List o material and apparat#s

@roced#res o the experiment

A,% &&'18 mar;s BAT

=c> Calc#late the mass o the sil)er salt precipitated i 8 cmo 1.8mol dm-

sil)er nitrate, /g+sol#tion react completely 3ith magnesi#mchloride,

gCl2 sol#tion. '(elati)e atomic mass* /g, 187 Cl, .A,% &&'2 mar;s BAT

ANSERSCHAPTER 3 (OBJ Q!

/ns3er *1. 2. /. 04. . 0$. B. 0

7. 0?. C18. 011. 012. 1. C14. C1. C1$. 01B. /17. C

1?. /28.

CHAPTER 6 (STRUCTURE!1. a> ecomposition o a compo#nd in molten or a electrode that connect to positi)e terminal o a "attery

c> @"2A, 0r

24


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4. /. 0$. 0B. 07. ?. /18.011./12./1.14.1./1$.01B.017.C1?.C28.0

CHAPTER 7 (STRUCTURE!1. a> 1.8 cm 1.88 cm 14.? cm

"> :he end point is a stage 3here an acid exactly ne#tralies an al;ali.

c> From pin; to colo#rless.

d> :o remo)e any 3ater on the inner s#race o the "#rette to pre)ent thes#lph#ric acid "eing dil#ted.

e> 2 a+H A H26+4 a26+4 A 2 H2+

> 1.88 cm

g> 8.2 moldm-

h> 8 cm. 6#lph#ric acid is a strong diprotic acid 3hereas nitric acid is a strongmonoprotic acid.

2. a> 0a2A, +H-

"> HA, 6+42-

c> / 3hite precipitate o "ari#m s#lphate.

d> "rightness o the "#l"

Nol#me o dil#te s#lph#ricacid needed 18 1 28 2 8

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e> 0ari#m hydroxide sol#tion contains ree ions 0a2Aand +H-. - :he "#l" lights #p "rightly. - %hen cmo dil#te s#lph#ric acid s added, the "#l" "ecomes dimmer "eca#sethe n#m"er

+ ree mo)ing ions decreases. - it decreases #ntil no more ree mo)ing ions are present.= Nol#me o acid added is1 cm> - %hen acid is added contin#o#sly, the n#m"er o ree mo)ng ions increases. 6o the"#l" "ecomes increasingly "righter.

. a> 12.18 cm

2.2 cm

?.7 cm

"> From yello3 to orange

c> / pipette

d> e#traliation

e> :he conical Jas; is s3irled contin#o#sly to allo3 the mixt#re to mix thoro#ghly.

> 8.84?2 moldm-

4. a> e#traliation

"> B

c> 6trong acid

d> Hydrochloric acid

e> i> B cm

ii> H/ A a+H a/ A H2+

iii> 8.B moldm-

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Holiday Homework f4