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Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and pathological pictures combine to produce a tangled mesh of factors which are very confusing. Behandlungsergebnisse Toronto 1924-1942

–Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

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Page 1: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

– Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and pathological pictures combine to produce a tangled mesh of factors which are very confusing.

Behandlungsergebnisse Toronto 1924-1942

Page 2: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Mortalität durch Hodgkin Lymphome 1935 - 2000

DeVita NEJM 348:2375, 2003

Page 3: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Radiotherapie bei malignen Lymphomen

• Hodgkin Lymphom

– Stadieneinteilung und Therapie

– Therapiefolgen und Nachsorge

• Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome

– Indolente Lymphome

– Aggressive Lymphome

– Extranodale Lymphome

Page 4: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Patientenbeispiel

Anamnese:

Pat. 23 J, w.

Schmerzlose LK-Schwellung re. Hals

Gewichtsverlust 3/63 kg, Abgeschlagenheit

Befund:

Verschieblicher LK re. Hals (2,5 cm),

Wenig verschieblicher LK re. Axillär (3 cm),

fixierter LK (3 cm) re. Supraclavicularregion.

DD:

Infektiös: Infektiöse Mononukleose, CMV, Toxoplasmose, Katzenkratzkrankheit, Tbc

Entzündlich: Sarkoidose

Neoplastisch: Hodgkin-Lymphom, NHL, Mammakarzinom, Bronchialkarzinom, GIT Malignome

Page 5: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin Lymphom - Leitsymptome

Schmerzlose LK-Schwellung– Fieber > 38º C– Nachtschweiß– Gewichtsverlust > 10%– Generalisierter Pruritus, Alkoholschmerz

Mediastinale Raumforderung

Jede perisitierende LK- Schwellung über > 6 Wochen muß abgeklärt werden

B Symptomatik

Alter Inzidenz

25 - 30 5,5 / 100 000

75 - 80 5,5 / 100 000

Page 6: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin Lymphom - Staging

• Rö. Thorax

• CT Hals-Thorax-Abdomen-Becken– BB

• Anämie, Leukozytose, Lymphopenie

– BSG (>/< 50 mm/h)

– AP (Knochen- oder Leberbefall)

– Albumin

– Cu im Serum

– LDH

– ß2- Mikroglobulin

• LK-Biopsie• KM-Punktion (bei B-Sympt./Infradiaphragm. Befall)

• PET

• Gallium-Szintigramm

• Lymphangiografie

Kaplan, 1966

Page 7: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Stadieneinteilung nach Ann-Arbor

Stadium Definition

I Nodaler Befall in einer einzigen Region (I,N) oder Vorliegen eines einzigen lokalisierten extranodalen Herdes (I,E).

II Nodaler Befall (II,N) und/oder lokalisierte extranodale Herde (II,E) in zwei oder mehreren Regionen auf einer Seite des Zwerchfells.

III Nodaler Befall (III,N) und/oder lokalisierte extranodale Herde (III,E) auf beiden Seiten des Zwerchfells

IV Disseminierter Befall eines oder mehrerer extralymphatischer Organe mit oder ohne Beteiligung von Lymphknoten

Lymphat. Gewebe: Lymphknoten, Milz, Thymus, Waldeyer'scher Rachenring

Organsymbole: N = Lymphknoten, H = Leber, S = Milz, L = Lunge,

M = Knochenmark, O = Knochen, D = Haut, P = Pleura

Page 8: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

WHO Klassifikation• Noduläres Lymphozytenreiches Lymphom

Klassisches Hodgkin Lymphom• Lymphozytenreiches klassisches HL• Nodulär Sklerosierendes HL• Mischtyp• Lymphozytenarmes HL

Risikofaktoren

• Großer Mediastinaltumor (> 1/3 des Thoraxdurchmessers)• Extranodalbefall• BSG-Erhöhung (> 50 mm/h; > 30mm/h bei B-Sympt)• > 3 befallene LK Areale

Page 9: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Patientenbeispiel

• Stad IIA ohne Risikofaktoren• Histologie: Nodulär Sklerosierendes Lymphom• Therapieoptionen:

– Extended Field Bestrahlung – Chemotherapie + Involved Field Bestrahlung

• Heilungsrate: ca. 95 %

Page 10: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin-Lymphom: Ausbreitung

Kontinuierliche Ausbreitung 90%

80% cervikaler Befall50% mediastinaler Befall35% abdomineller Befall

Milzbefall ist prädiktiv für disseminierten Organbefall

Def. Extranonaler Befall: Organbefall in Nachbarschaft eines befallenen LK-Areals

Page 11: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin Lymphom – alleinige RadiotherapieFrühe Stadien

Involved Field Extended Field Total Nodale Bestr.

Extended Field Bestrahlung 30 Gy Involved Field Bestrahlung 40 Gy

Chemother. + Involved Field-Bestrahlung 30 Gy

Mantel

Paraaortal

Becken

Page 12: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin Lymphom - Risikoadaptierte Therapie

CS I / IIA

CS IIB + RFIII, IV

CS I / IIA + RFCS IIB - RF

Risikofaktoren (RF)Großer MediastinaltumorExtranodalbefallBSG-Erhöhung (> 50 mm/h)> 3 befallene LK Areale

2 x ABVD+ IF 20 – 30 Gy

4 x ABVD+ IF 20 – 30 Gy

8 x BEACOP IF 30 Gy beiRestlymphom

Alleinige RT30 Gy EF ; 40 Gy IF

CS I NodulärLymphozytenreich

RT 30 Gy IF

Geringes Risiko

Mittleres Risiko

Hohes Risiko

Page 13: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Mantelfeld

Simulationsaufnahme mit gegossenen Blöcken

Verfifikationsaufnahme

Simulation

Page 14: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin – Lymphom Ergebnisse Niediges Risiko

Press et al. JCO 19: 4238, 2001

Subtotale Lymphat. RT ± Doxorubicin, Vinblastin

Rezidivfreies Überleben 80 %vs. 95 %

Gesamtes ÜberlebenÜL 95 %

RT

CMT

Page 15: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin – Lymphom: Ergebnisse

Hohes Risiko: HD 9Mittleres Risiko: HD 8

Diehl et al. NEJM 348: 2386-95; 2003Engert et al. JCO 19: 3601, 2003

Ges. ÜL 90 % Ges. ÜL 88 – 91 %

Page 16: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Hodgkin Lymphom Nachsorge

Anamnese + Klin. Untersuchung (69 % der Rez.)

Rö-Thorax 23 % der Rez.

BSG, BB, AP, LDH

TSH, T4 nach Mediastinalbestrahlung

Biopsie bei V.a. LK-Rezidiv

Torrey et al JCO 15: 1123-30, 1997

Restlymphome nach nodulärer Sklerose im Verlauf beurteilen

Page 17: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Todesursachen nach der Behandlung von Hodgkin Lymphomen

Aleman et al. JCO 21: 3431, 2003

Andere Todesursachen

Hodgkin Lymphom

Sekundäre Malignome

Cardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen

Page 18: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Spätfolgen der Therapie

• Fertilitätsstörungen• Sek. Malignome

– MDS, Leukämien– Mammakarzinome– Bronchialkarzinome

• Cardiovaskuläre Schäden

• Karies, Mundtrockenheit

• Pneumonitis• Pericarditis• Hypothyreose• Lhermitt´sches

Syndrom• Herpes Zoster

Page 19: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Radiotherapie bei malignen Lymphomen

• Hodgkin Lymphom

– Stadieneinteilung und Therapie

– Therapiefolgen und Nachsorge

• Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome (NHL)

– Indolente Lymphome

– Aggressive Lymphome

– Extranodale Lymphome

Page 20: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

NHL Altersverteilung

Page 21: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

NHL - Ausbreitungscharakteristik

M. Hodgkin

• Kontinuierliche Ausbreitung

• Meist Nodaler Befall

• Therapie nach Ann- Arbor Stadium und Risikofaktoren

NHL

• Diskontinuierlicher Befall

• Häufiger Extranodalbefall

• Therapie nach Histologie und Risikofaktoren

Page 22: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

NHL HistologieWHO-Klassifikation

Page 23: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Strahlentherapie der NHL

• Indolente Lymphome– Follikuläre Lymphome G1,2

• Aggressive Lymphome

• Extranodale Lymphome– MALT-Lymphome– Cutane Lymphome

Vom Extended Field zum Involved Field ± Chemotherapie

Page 24: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Alleinige Radiotherapie bei Follikulären Lymphomen

Follikuläre Lymphome (G1,G2)– Stad. I, II, III (< 4 Areale): Kurative Therapie

• Alleinige Radiotherapie• Extended Field, Total Nodal• Involved Field

IF 40 Gy EF 30 Gy

Page 25: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Alleinige Radiotherapie bei Follikulären Lymphomen

Autor n Therapie Med. Beob.

[Jahre]

Rezidivfreies ÜL

Gesamtes ÜL

5 J 10 J 5 J 10 J

Stadium I und II

Gospodarowicz

1999

595 IF 35 Gy 11 56 % 41 % 81 % 66 %

Mauch

2001

177 IF/EF/TNI

35 Gy

8 55 % 44 % 82 % 64 %

Stuschke 1997 117 EF 36 Gy 8 71 % - 89 % -

Wilder 2001 80 IF/EF 40 Gy 19 63 % 57 % 82 % 65 %

Stadium III

Paryani 1984 48 TLI 40 Gy 10 60 % 40 % 78 % 50 %

Murtha 2001 80 TLI

35-40Gy

8 55 % 44 % 82 % 64 %

Page 26: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Alleinige Radiotherapie bei Follikulären Lymphomen G1,2CS I, II, limitiertes III

Rezidivfreies ÜL Gesamtes ÜL

5 J 10 J 5 J 10 J

60 % 45 % 80 % 60 %

Page 27: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Follikuläre Lymphome Fortgeschrittene Stadien: III+, IV

• Wait and See• Bei Progress:

– Chemotherapie

± anti CD 20 AK

– Involved Field RT 40Gy

– Hochdosistherapie mit TBI + Cy

– PBSC

– IFN

Page 28: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Follikuläre Lymphome: HochdosistherapieFortgeschrittene Stadien: III+, IV

pro

gr e

ssio

nsf

reie

s Ü

ber

leb

en i

n C

R o

der

PR

6543210

1,0

,9

,8

,7

,6

,5

,4

,3

,2

,1

0,0

PBSCT (41/167)

IFN (84/201)

Jahre

Unterhalt, pers. Mitteilung 6/2003

Page 29: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

International Prognostic Index

Shipp et al. N Engl J Med 329: 987-94, 1993Jahre nach Therapie

Kombination mit der Histologie

CS II

CS III

CSIV

günstig ungünstig

Alter < 60 J > 60 J

Stadium I/II III/IV

Zahl der E-Manif.

0 - 1 > 2

A.Z. ECOG

0 - 1 > 2

LDH i.S. Normal erhöht

Page 30: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Tubiana et al. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 12, 503-514, 1986

Agressive Lymphome

Chemother. + RT

Alleinige RT

Bedeutung der Chemotherapie für die Heilung

Page 31: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Radiotherapie bei den aggressiven Lymphomen

• Vom Extended Field zur • Chemotherapie + Involved Field

Page 32: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Chemotherapie + Involved Field

Miller et al. NEJM 1998; 339: 21-6

Überlebensvorteil durch 3 x CHOP + Involved Field bis zum 7. JahrGeringere Tox. im Vergl. zu 8 x CHOP

Page 33: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Radiotherapie bei aggressiven LymphomenAktuelle Empfehlung

• Extradodalbefall, Bulky Disease (7,5 cm)

• Involved Field 36 Gy

• RT immer nach Chemotherapie

• Bei älteren Pat. im CS I und Kontraindikationen gegen

eine Chemotherapie: Extended Field

Page 34: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Extranodale NHL

• ZNS• Orbita• Gastrointestinale

Lymphome• Hodenlymphome• Cutane Lymphome

• HNO Bereich• Schilddrüse• Brust• Niere• Knochen

Behandlungskonzepte:

Histologie Region Prognoseindex

Page 35: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

GIT-Lymphome CS I/II

• MALT Lymphome, Mantelzell-Lymphome

– 30 Gy Extended Field + 10 Gy Boost

• Aggressive Lymphome (zentroblast. immunoblast.)– CHOP + Involved Field 40 Gy

Koch et al. JCO 19: 3874-83; 2001

n = 102

Page 36: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Mycosis Fungoides – Palliative Therapie

Involved Field Bestrahlung 12 – 36 GyMultiple ÜberschneidungsarealeKombination mit Bexarotene ?

Ganzhautbestrahlung in der Palliativsituation

Jones et al. Cancer 1999; 85: 1985-95

Page 37: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Zusammenfassung

• Hodgkin Lymphom– Chemotherapie + Involved Field 30 Gy

• NHL– Indolente Lymphome

• Involved Field 40 Gy

– Aggressive Lymphome• Chemotherapie + Involved Field

– Extranodale Lymphome• RT unverzichtbar,meist Invoved Field

• Felder und Dosis speziell

Page 38: –Hodgkin`s disease has been generally accepted as a most unpredictable disease. The tremendous variety of sites of involvement, clinical symptoms, and

Lymphome - Entwicklungen

• M. Hodgkin– Frühe Stadien:

• Reduktion der therapieassoziierten Morbidität

– Fortgeschrittene Stadien, Rezidive:• Intensivierung der Systemtherapie, Neue Therapiemodalitäten

• NHL – Neue Therapiemodalitäten

• Radioimmuntherapie

• Minitransplantation und Nutzung der GvL Reaktion