HO 343 -- Session 1:HO 343 -- Session 1:

Information Systems ConceptInformation Systems Concept

EK BUNCHUAek@alpha.tu.ac.th

Room # 528Thammasat Business School

Where Are We Now?Where Are We Now?

Industrial Age

Machines

Information Age

Computers &Information Systems

Development of Development of Business Information SystemBusiness Information System

From local to nationalto global business

From local to nationalto global business

From buyer needsto buyer wants

From buyer needsto buyer wants

From priceto non-pricecompetition

From priceto non-pricecompetition

Information Technology (IT)Information Technology (IT)

2 C’s Computer Communication

An enabling tool for developing information systems IT as a competitive advantage IT as a competitive necessity

ProfitMargin

Value Chain ModelValue Chain Model

CustomerServices

Marketing& Sales

OutboundLogisticsOperations

InboundLogistics

Firm Infrastructure

Human Resource Management

Technical Development

Procurement

Pri

ma

ryA

cti

viti

es

Su

pp

ort

Ac

tivi

tie

s

Human ResourceHuman ResourceInformation SystemInformation System

... an integrated system designed to provide information used in HR decision making.

(Mathis and Jackson)

Human ResourceHuman ResourceInformation SystemInformation System

... a system for

• gathering and maintaining the data that describes the HR,

• transforming the data into information, and

• reporting the information to users.

(McLeod)

System ConceptSystem ConceptOrganizationas a System

AC FN

HR MFG

MK

Consists offunctionalSubsystems

B

C

A

D

Interact andinter-linkageamong thesubsystemsto achieveorg. goal

Each subsystemhas its dept. goal

Dir

ect A

chieve

System Boundary

Internal

External

Each subsystemcan be viewed asanother system;and consists of itsown subsystems

Information SystemInformation System

Information System ...• Manual system?• Computer-based system?

An Information System is not:A personal computerE-mailInternet & WWWWindows 98Microsoft Word

Information SystemInformation System

Interrelated components working together to collect, capture, process, store, disseminate information to support decision making and the managerial functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling, and communicating in an organization

(Laudon and Laudon)

InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

Data: Facts that have to be processed or organized for meaningful use

Information: Processed and organized data

What is a CBIS?What is a CBIS?

Computer-Based Information System An information system that uses computer techn

ology to perform some or all of its intended tasks

CBIS includes hardware, software, database, network, procedures, people, purpose, and social context

CBIS can be classified by organizational levels, functional areas, and support provided

Organizational Levels of CBISOrganizational Levels of CBIS

Personal-level Information System (PIS) A stand-alone PC A mini/mainframe-based system A networked PCs system

Workgroup Information System (WIS) Departmental Information System (DIS) Enterprise Information System or

Organizational Information System (OIS) Inter-organizational Information System (I-OIS)

Functional Areas of CBISFunctional Areas of CBIS

Accounting Information System (AIS) Financial Information System (FNIS) Marketing Information System (MKIS) Human Resource Information System (HRIS) Manufacturing Information System (MFIS)

Support Provided by CBISSupport Provided by CBIS

Transaction Processing System (TPS) Supports activities central to the mission

Office Automation System (OAS) Supports office workers

Intelligent Support System (ISS) orKnowledge Work System (KWS) Supports knowledge workers

Support Provided by CBISSupport Provided by CBIS

Management Information System (MIS) Supports operational managers

Decision Support System (DSS) Supports managers and analysts

Expert System (ES) Provides intelligence to managers

Executive Information System (EIS) orExecutive Support System (ESS) Supports executives

TPS

MIS

DSS

EIS

ES

KWS

OASOperations

Executives

Cu

sto

miz

ed

Info

rma

tio

n

• Structured decisions• Detailed reports• Fixed format / periodic reports• Internal data

• Unstructured decisions• Summary reports• Ad-hoc queries• Environmental data

AIS HRISFNIS MFISMKIS 2. Functional AAAAA

TPS

MIS

DSS

EIS

ES

KWS

OAS

WIS

DIS

OIS(MIS)

I-OIS

PIS

3. Organizational AAAAAA

1.S

upp

ort

Pro

vid

ed

Other departments, managers, employees are the main customers of the HR services

HRIS must be integrated with other functional information systems, and must be linked across the organizational hierarchy to enable the free flow of information

HRIS ChallengesHRIS Challenges

Horizontal integration

Ve

rtic

al i

nte

gra

tio

n

Purposes of HRISPurposes of HRIS

To improve the efficiency with which data on employees and HR activities is compiled

To provide HR information more rapidly and more easily for use by management in making decisions

Database

InternalRecordsSystem

InternalRecordsSystem

HRIntelligence

System

HRIntelligence

System

HRResearchSystem

HRResearchSystem

HRDecisionSupportSystem

HRDecisionSupportSystem

• Recruiting• Work force management & evaluation• Compensation• Benefits etc.

A Model of HRISA Model of HRIS

Questions?Questions?