Hnd Presentation Girls PDF

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GREEK & ROMANVS

STREET & CIRCUS

by Alex O’Neill, Amber - Lily Foxon

and Julia Johnson



GREEK & ROMAN

THEATRE

Julia Johnson



GREEK AND ITS HISTORY

•The festival of Dionysus; People from all over the Greece in what is called the sailing season would come to witness this major event.

•Each of the three tragic playwrights would compete for the glory of having the play engraved in the theatres walls. Each playwright

would have a rich man behind the production sponsoring them also for the glory of the state; a specially selected jury would judge

which play and playwright was the best and who will win the glory.

•Types of Greek playsTragedy - naturalistic masks normally pretty

•Comedy - comical and grotesque masks and characters are generally low class.

•Satyr - half man half goat animals normally a very crude comedic productions.

•Playwrights Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides Fifth century before Christ

•Theatre traditionally open air Greek theatres were build into the side of a hill which was in a circular shape with a flat space called the

Orchestra which is Greek for dancing space where the chorus would normally be; also there would be a raised stage level where the

actors would perform.

•Epidorous is the oldest theatre building stil l representing an old Greek theatre; the Oliver theatre at the national was built around this

traditional shape.

•Masks are a major aspect to Greek theatre performances they were warn my the actors as a religious ritual. Only three actors

performed the speaking roles in the Greek tragedy which is why masks came in handy because of changing characters.

•The chorus provide the performance with two aspects one for fun and having fun interludes in between the action which were normally

singing and dancing. There would be highly trained young men dressed in all sorts of peculiar costumes which would add an element

of entertainment.



GREEK CHARACTERISTICS

! All actors were boys and men

! Actors changed in a hut called a ‘Skene’ which when pained because the first part of the

scenery.

! Comedies were used to poke fun at the rulers of the time (not dissimilar to Shakespeare)

! Tragedies are usually sad and serious and have a moral at the end.

! Actors wore masks with wholes cut out in the eyes and mouth and also wore wigs. They

wore padding in their shoes to look taller and padding in their costumes to make them

appear fatter or stronger. (not dissimilar to Bouffon)

! Killing and murders even though they occurred a lot in Greek tragedies took part off-

stage.

! Women were portrayed as strong characters by the playwrights of the time which was

safe to do on stage as it was considered fictional.





Real Life Footage From The Colosseum, Rome by AlexO’Neill, March 2014



CIRCUS

amber - lily foxon



CIRCUS AND ITS HISTORY

- Circus dates back to the Roman empire times when spectacular events used to take place at the Circus Maximusand the Coliseum in Rome, which included lions, elephants and chariot racing.

- The modern circus was originated in 1768, when Philip Astley built the New British Riding School or AmphitheatreRiding Ring.

!

Circus is Latin for ‘circle’.

! The modern circus was created in England by Philip Astley (1742-1814) He was a Cavalry sergeant major turnedshowman.

! In 1768 Astley opened a riding school in London where he taught and performed his ‘feats of horsemanship’.

! Astley’s building featured a circular arena that he called the circle or circus, which would later be known as the ring.

! The circus ring was designed to allow the audience to keep sight of the riders during their performances and it also

made it possible through the generation of centrifugal force, for riders to keep their balance while standing on the back of galloping horses.

! 42 feet, become the international standard for all circus rings.

! From his success as a performer he needed some novelty to add to his performances so he hired acrobats, ropedancers, jugglers and clowns to show their acts in between his equestrian displays.



- Philip Astley



- It Combined several exhibitions, such as Cavalry horsemanship, clowning derived from the Commedia dell’arte,

vaulting that developed into a highly skilled art.

- This form of performance spread worldwide and became known as ‘Circus’

- Nowadays, Circus is an international form of art that is performed across the world including various countriessuch as Canada, Russia, China, France, Belgium and Australia which all have national circus schools.

- Belgium, Portugal and Sweden have independent schools

- Cirque du Soleil was founded by the Quebec government in 1985, which now has shows across four different

countries.

Travelling Circus (in America) -

- Joshua Brown replaced the usual wooden construction with a full canvas tent

- He added exotic animals like the African elephant

Evolution of the circus performance -

- Combined acrobatics on horseback

- During the 17th and 18th centuries, tightrope dancers were the circus start then adapted to the trapeze

- At the end of the 19th century equestrian displays were loosing their supremacy to exotic animals like big cats

because railways and automobiles had been intended and replaced the horses





CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUS

- Performance has a story or theme

- Traditional circus have a more character drivenapproach

- Contemporary circus focus more on the overall impact

(character, story, lights, music and costume)

- Contemporary circus tends to be more staged in

theatres rather than a tent



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMZiBVJ3rIM

Cirque du Soleil

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMZiBVJ3rIM





STREET THEATRE

Alex O’neill



STREET THEATRE AND ITS HISTORY

Medieval history -

- After the roman fall (600 A.D) came a period called the DARK AGES

- There was no reliable political structure

- Little is known about the theatre between 600 - 1000 A.D

- There was little written drama and none that survives

- TROUBADOURS - (travelling, musician)

Medieval drama outside the church -

- The master copy of the script was called the register.

- Flying was a major technique. Quite common almost all scenes had heaven on the right,

hell on the left and earth in the middle.



CHARACTERISTICS OF STREET THEATRE

- Simple costumes and props

- Little or no amplification of sound

- Actors depend on their natural vocals and physical ability

- Dance, mime and slapstick are popular genres in outdoor settings

- Performances need to be highly visible, loud and simple to follow in order toattract a crowd

- Distinguished from other formal outdoor performances in a park or garden with

a ticketed audience.









LOCATION & IMPACT ON THE STYLE

location

Circus

• traditionally performed in the round

• circus performers have to go to their audience and travel around light and fast.

Street Theatre

• street performers have to go to their audiences because there issues were political and not every one wants to hear them.

Greek Theatre• different to the other art forms the audience had to come to the performers

• the location of the amphitheatre was commonly built into the side of a hill and catered for a large number of audience members.

• the main purpose was for entertainment and story telling.

Similarities

• Do you think that Greek theatre has influenced other art forms and how they are performed and located?

• Circus and Greek theatre are similar with being performed in the round to get a 360 degree view on the performance.

• All of the art forms are location in an open air space.

Differences

• physical and vocal qualities have different intentions for Greek to be heard through the masks with having a large audience.

• street theatre needing to be heard and trying engage the audience.

• circus being a different physicality level all together with the different techniques such as trapeze.

Audiences

• the audiences like to be amaze and scared and entertained all at the same time, circus for the spectacle and with street theres an element of

suppers and the unknown however Greek is more traditional storytelling and to entertain there audience.





NATURALISTIC VS NON- NATURALISTIC

Naturalistic Acting - re-creation of reality of life lived in the time. it seeks to produce characters and lifelike

situations the audience can relate to and recognise.

Non- Naturalistic Acting - is influenced by practioniers and movements of the time to move theatre on and create

new styles; such as Artaud with the Theatre of Cruelty or Grotowski with Poor Theatre.

Greek

• masks

• religon

• mythical (Satyr)

• chorus ( dance theatre)

Street Theatre

• religion

• political

Circus

• choreographic

• dance theatre

Laban

ties into a lot of forms of theatre with this movement methodology as its so vast in what it can be used in. All of the

art forms being looked into from street to greek all have movement in that is so bold you could find the

techniques of Laban is all of them.





PRACTIONIERS

Street theatre History in India

- An explosion of street theatre in 80's and 90's- There are about 7000 street theatre groups in different parts of the country

- The main groups in this type of popular are social activists

- It emerged from Indian adaptations of western proscenium theatre- It was driven to the streets because theatres would not stage such political plays

- Bijon Bhattacharya was a founder of Indian People's Theatre Association and staged the first street play

- Badal Sircar is the most influential proponent who has been influenced by Grotowski's Poor Theatre- They use local songs and dance that make it cultural specific

- A woman's group have used street theatre to raise awareness on issues like sex discrimination

Modern interpretations of Greek chorus:

- the national theatre is built similarly to a Greek / Roman amphitheatre and they put on some greek tragedies such as Medea, Antigone and Women of Troy which haveadapted the traditional chorus and modernised it.

- in greek times there was little set and little costume change its was just the “people, stage and the audience” which is not dissimilar to Grotowski’s ‘poor theatre’

believing in just the actor and little set.- in the Nationals adaptation of Antigone they made the chorus a group of individuals, unlike the traditional Greek chorus where they were all the same person and the

masks looked the same.

- groups of chorus have come along way from Greek to modern day because women are now very much involved in acting as the male, however back in Greek times theplays and chorus consisted of only males.

- the argument that audiences did not understand Greek chorus’s and for this reason in some adaptations of the Greeks tragedies the chorus are given individual

identities so that the audience can relate more.

- Greek plays along with the chorus have been adapted to Today’s society so that the audiences can relate more and it’s a fresh interpretation, however the story is stillthe same. Back in Ancient Greece they would have just performed traditionally with masks and ensemble like chorus.

- when translating the language and analysing what the chorus say there are augments inside the text which suggest conflict between the chorus which has resulted inadaptations giving the chorus more individual identities.

Pina Bausch and Rudolf von Laban Influenced the development of circus:

- One of the major influential people that inspired Pina Bausch was Rudolf von Laban.

- He was the creator of the performance style “dance theatre” and all of Pina Bausch’s work is based off of this performance idea.- These people were the major influences that help guide Pina Bausch to understand what movement and performance represented to her and gave her the tools that she

need to execute the intentions of her choreography.- I think Pina Bausch has inspired people to test the social boundaries and to get involved in the emotions and opinions of the spectators.

-This has lead me to believe that the techniques such as the Laban efforts have influenced movements within Circus.



Conclusion on street theatre

- Street theatre is the most easily accessible modes of communication- Has a long traditional and cultural background, beginning from Greece- Involves the actors on stage and audience off stage in a centric form of media

Conclusion of Greek Theatre

- Greek theatre is where theatre first began so is a major influence on the performing arts industry from writing and poetry to art and theatre.- Greek theatre was a big source of entertainment and is where storytelling originated for the start of theatre- Masks and the Greek chorus have heavily influence the way ensembles are represented in theatre today.

Conclusion of Circus

- The circus is over 2000 years old- The word CIRCUS comes from the Latin and Greek words meaning a circle or ring.- A traditional circus is a trained company of acrobats, animals and clowns that work in unison.- In Ancient Rome and Greek , the circus was not a travelling troop but a building where horses and other animals were displayed and also the most beautiful chariot raceswere held.

CONCLUSION





Interpretive Dance

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