Three points to be addressed: 1. People P ower and Politics in the Post-wa r per iod 2. Aust ralia’ s Soci al and Cultu ral Histor y in t he Po st-Wa r peri od . Chan !in! ri !hts an d "reedo#s o" wo#en and ab ori!i nes $pr ob in po st war pe riod% Events under Chifley (Post WWII) 1945 – 1949 - &eader o" &abor 'o(t. )oh n Curti n dies in 1*+,. - en Chi"l ey t aes le ade rsh ip and wants to i#p le#ent welfare state$idea that wealth should be shared throu!hout society% in this ti#e o" boo#. - They want ed to i#pl e#ent the pol icy o " Nationalisation with the belie" that laco" 'o(t. control o" the econo#y caused the depression. - /n 1*+ , he tr ies to nationalise all interstat e airlin e ser(i ces wit h a bill which the Hi!h Court " inds unconstitutional. So they #ae their own Trans Australian Airwaysand buy all the shares in 0antas. - Si#ilarl y i n 1*+he tr ies to nationalise the private an!s of "ustralia . ut the hi!h court inter(enes a!ain callin! it unconstitutional. This is (ery contro(ersial in the public. - Aust . citi 3ens are bec o#in! susp iciou s o" t he &ab or Par ty tr yin! to !ai n so #uch c ontro l o(er the econo#y. - 4any s trie s were h eld in al#os t all wo rin! indu strie s duri n! th is per iod. Th ere was a lso u nrest i n society with the "ear o" Co##unis#spreadin!. /t was spreadin! throu!h 5urope and &abor !o(t. opponents noted the "act that Co##unists controlled so#e o" Australia’s ey trade unions. - The worer "r ustra tion allowed the Co##u nist Party to !r ow an d in t he 1*+6s but i t wasn ’t a re al threat to Australian society. - Chi"l ey was popu lar b ut peo ple "e lt he h ad los t to uch wi th Aust. s ociet y in t he 1*+ * elec tions . The $ost of livin% was risin%& inflation was risin% and people felt "ustralia was losin% its $apitalist roots. So he lost the 1*+* election. 'i%ration - 1* +, - Chi" le y uses s lo !a n 7Populate or Perish8 and sets up i##i!ration depart#ent to be run by Arthur Calwell. - 9eason s "or poli cy in cl ud e: o labour shorta!e a"ter war so #ore worers needed to sti#ulate econo#ic !rowth o "or de"ence reasons with s#all population on lar!e continent and possibly a!!ressi(e Asian nei!hbours o "or the usti"ication o" li(in! on such a lar!e continent with so little people o !eneral hu#anitarian "actors - ;ri!inal ly the !o(ern#ent tar!eted "n%loIrish and ritish i##i%rants. They were assisted i" they wanted to #i!rate to Australia. 5<-ser(ice#en "or "ree and other rits "or =26 A> ? e@ui(alent. ut they needed #ore i##i!rants than this. - 1*+Cal well #aes an a!ree#ent wit h International Refugee Organisation enablin! thousands o" re"u!ees "ro# 5urope. 4ainly those "leein! "ro# countries under Co##unist rule. They now accepted non-ritish people "ro# altic States o" &at(ia5stonia and &ithuania. - 1*+* - Aus t acce pted anyone under +, who didn’t s uppor t Co ##unis#. Hal " a #il lion h ad #i !rated by the end o" 1*+* since the plan started. - /n the conser(ati(e Australi an so ciety o " the 1*,6s #any peopl e were susp icious o" the Bnew Australians’. - Throu !hou t thi s ti#e Calwell st ron!l y sup porte d the Whit e Aust ralia P olicy only a llowin! white i##i!rants and e(en deportin! Asians who had re"u!ee status in Australia durin! the war. - Chan%e in 'i%ration Poli$y - ;r i! in al po li cy "r o# Ca lwel l was "ssi#ilation$#i!rants were e<pected to abandon their lan!ua!e and traditions and beco#e Australians%. - 1*+* - Policy chan!e started with 4en3ies !o (t. al lowin ! 66 Asian re"u!ees to re#ain in Australia. - 1*,A chan!e i n the Migration Act #eant abolish#ent o" di$tation test which had been used since "ederation to eep Asians out o" Australia. - 1*DD The ! o(t. de(elo ped a polic y accep tin! #i!ra nts o n the basis o" the ir ab ility to con tribu te to Australian society allowin! #ore non-5uropeans to co#e to Australia. They also allowed anyone with "i(e years residence to li(e in Australia. - 1*The Whit la # !o( t. "i nall y aolished the White "ustralia poli$y. Ero# here onrace was no lon!er a "actor in whether you could #i!rate to Australia and people could beco#e citi3ens a"ter years residence in Australia. Whitla# !o(t. brou!ht in *a$ial +is$ri#ination "$t and the *a$ial
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