History Reign of Elizabeth

7/27/2019 History Reign of Elizabeth

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1HISTORY REIGN OF ELIZABETH chapter 1

1A1a Philip of Spain – Mary’s husband

1b they show that the time during Marys reign was a time of anger and war this is

also shown with Mary’s side of the painting being a rather dark and sombre affair,

while Elizabeth’s side is considerably lighter showing that she was well liked.

2a it is showed by the way she was dressed and her dignified stature

2b it suggests that Elizabeth is a well-liked and benevolent figure.

2c to make the people feel closer to her. It encouraged loyalty in people who were

likely never to see her.

3 the north and the west

4a stubborn – less likely to bow under pressure from britians enemies

B indecisive – found it hard make decisions, often put it off as much as she could.

1B1a females were seen as lesser to males in every way. So a female sovereign faced

a lot of prejudice with many expecting them to be weak willed and irrational. Many

of these prejudices were reinforced by Elizabeth’s sister, as she tore England in half

with her persecution of Protestants and she let her Spanish husband rule throughher.

B2 it was seen as a way to link different family’s together and strengthen friendships

and alliances.

B3 she meant that people would begin to try and influence the heir to their way of

thinking or if they believed they may be next in line they could have them

assassinated.



HISTORY CHAPTER 2

2A 1 because religion had such an overwhelming influence on the way people led

their lives it is easy to see how it spread into politics. One could argue that it never

left citing many of the bills suggested by the American Republican Party.

2 if the English church remained catholic she would lose significant amount of

income to the pope

2B

Protestant Catholic

Organization of the church Elizabeth Replaced the

pope as governor of

church

Bishops were retained

Rituals and ceremony’s Communion tables

replaced alters, consumed

both the bread and wine.

Still knelt at communion

Clergy vestments Clergy wore vestments to

administer communion

Calvinist doctrine Followers were taught

predestinations instead of

free will

Changes to 1552 prayerbook

Much of the 1552 prayerbook was left unchanged.

But some sentence wasremoved such as the ones

condemning the pope.

2b2 Mathew parker did not have to flee England during the reign of Mary so he was

seen as untainted by radical European ideas. This meant he would be better at

maintaining the careful balance between Protestants and Catholics that Elizabeth

needed.



Chapter 3

3A Cabinet ministers for both modern New Zealand and Elizabethan England act as

advisors to the head of state.

Also each minister was the minister for a certain thing i.e. minister of finance.

Unlike today Elizabeth had complete control over who her ministers were.

The Privy Council could be used as a court while cabinet is completely separate from

the judicial system in New Zealand

3B patronage is the way that civil servants in Elizabethan England were paid as they

didn’t receive a salary. patronage was also a way that royal favour was shown.

Patronage encompassed many things including grants of lands and being appointedto a position of power

Bb Patronage was necessary because the monarchy could not have afforded to pay

wages.

It encouraged loyalty because those who had fallen out of favour would not receive

patronage but it also encouraged infighting as people would become jealous when

others received what they wanted, corruption was rampant.

2a because he did not have time to deal with all the people who were trying to gain

his “favour” through bribes

2b it means those seeking his favour

2c because as Burghley’s patronage secretary he was responsible for bring clients

seeking patronage to Lord Burghley’s attention

2d “gratuities were essential to secure an adequate standard of living for

government servants”

2e it was wide spread and was considered to be normal

2f factions formed around the leading figures of the period as each faction fought for

greater patronage.



Chapter four

4a1 13 times

A2 six months

A3 for the majority of Elizabeth’s reign parliament was only called every four to fiveyears, with a total of 31 years without an active parliament

A4a six subsidies from1559 to 1587

From 1589 to 1601 she received a total of 12 subsidies

A5 the on-going war with Spain

4bthe lack of freedom of speech

B2 she ordered them to discontinue the discussion

B3 those MPs who were still unhappy could approach the Privy Council to further

argue their case

B4 rumours and messages meant how the queen tried to control the discussions in

the house.

B5 –

B6 it was the house that decided to have peter Wentworth taken into custody.



Chapter five

5a kneeling at communion , wedding rings, the church organ, vestments, basically

anything that reminded them of the opulence of catholic churches because they

believed that such things were supercilious and distracted from the message of god.

A2 because such matters are adiaphorous- they are undefined by the scripture- and

so they do not matter]

A3 puritan life is as it sounds they do not believe in many of the merriments that

were available in Elizabethan life and condemned those who did, they devoted their

life to matters of faith, after church they would go home and further study the bible.

They said they wanted to return to how it was in the early times of Christianity.

A4 they disobeyed her.

Ab they portrayed themselves as morally superior.

5b

Puritans wanted further reform of the English church that would remove practices

that they believe d was catholic in nature and that they should return to the way of

early Christianity.

B2 the issue was that Elizabeth insisted that clerics wear the traditional vestments

instead of the more puritan Geneva gown.

B3 Elizabeth wanted full control of the church as a way to enforce order in the

kingdom as she knew that after her sister’s brutal reign, religious tension was high.

B4 to increase the fragile stability of Elizabeth’s rule.

5c

C1 the royal supremacy, the thirty-nine articles of faith and that the prayer book

contained nothing contrary to the word of god

C2 that the prayer book contained nothing contrary to the word of god because the

puritans believed that the prayer book was far too catholic

C3 the court of high commissions and the ex officio oath



C4 the Presbyterians wanted to change the English while the brownists want to be

completely separate from the English church.

C5 it would take away her power as governor of the church. This could lead to

rebellion if the Presbyterian Church gained too much power.

Chapter 6

6a 1558-1568

While we reconciled with Rome under queen Mary once Elizabeth ascended

to the throne we once again broke with Rome.

My brother was forced to leave the university where he taught and travelled

to the University of Louvain on the continent.

The new law meant my household was to be penalized if we refused to attend

the new church however we never had to pay the penalties as my cousin was

the justice of the peace. With the fines we didn’t have to pay we hired our old

priest to tutor our son in the ways of Rome and to hold a family mass.

1568-1580

The Scottish queen came seeking refugee perhaps we will have a catholic heir

after all

The pope declared our queen a pretender to the throne, the pressure for us to

conform is tremendous and people have begun whispering that we are

conspiring against the queen. This is not so we are loyal to the bone. (papal

bull -1570)

While we still have a private mass at home, we must attend the church service

as suspicion of those who does not has risen to dangerous levels and my

cousin has begun collecting the fines for not attending church.



1580-1590

We no longer even have a private mass as raids are being conducted searching

for any signs of Catholicism, acting in fear I buried my rosary

The Spanish armada is threatening to invade England and we prepare to take

up arms to fight for queen and country. Because of this I become disillusioned

with Rome and am no longer catholic in thought , I know identify with many

protestant beliefs.

The Scottish queen was found guilty of plotting against our queen and

executed, I cannot believe I once prayed for her to lead our country

Many of my friends while patriotic still believe in the old faith and are paying

20 pounds a month due to their refusal to attend church.

1590-1601

The majority of my friends could no longer justify 20 pounds a month to avoid

the protestant church when they themselves had begun to see the errors of

Catholicism.

We are still at war with Spain and it is costly while we are fine many are

struggling with the extra taxes

My youngest son is still fervently catholic and as far as I know has travelled to

the continent to become a priest, we cannot risk writing to him as we fear my

husband will lose his position in office if it’s found that his son is a devout

catholic.



Chapter 7

Against

She was an absolute queen which meant she had no superior but god, so to judge

her was against gods will

As a kinswomen Elizabeth promised all courtesies and kind will therefore executing

her went against the laws of hospitality.

As a prisoner of law it was legal for her to work towards her safety and freedom so

she could not commit treason

As a queen she was Elizabeth equal so could not be tried for treason

It was unheard of for a monarch to be executed

For

As she had abdicated some though that she was not a free and absolute queen but a

titular queen who meant she was not Elizabeth’s equal and could be judged by those

other than god

When she fled Scotland to England she put herself under Elizabeth’s protection

which meant she enjoyed the benefits of the law and as such she was subject to the

law.

Two princes of equal authority could not exist within the same realm which meant

that as the weaker prince she was subject to Elizabeth’s will

A king outside his own domain is a private person, which meant when she left

Scotland she was no longer seen as a free and absolute queen but as a private person

and as such she was subject to the laws of the land in which she was.

Because of the crimes she herself had eroded her own power and as such was no

longer seen as a ruler.



Chapter 8

A1a because both England’s historical enemy and ally were both catholic they had

joined forces against protestants which put England in jeopardy

1b as the majority of her subjects were protestant she had their full support in her

efforts to keep England protestant.

A2 England was surrounded by historically or religious enemies which meant if they

joined forces they could easily crush England like a “nut”.

2b while Ireland was supposedly under English rule it was largely catholic which

meant that it was the perfect place for England’s catholic enemies to launch an

attack from and the Irish strongly resented the English rule. Spain would have

already had a large army in the Netherlands suppressing the rebels and once they

finished that they could easily turn their eye towards protestant England.

A3 by creating internal struggles in other countries it meant they would be too busy

dealing with internal problems to turn their eye towards England’s foreign shores.

Elizabeth had strong opinions on rebels as she faced them throughout her reign and

it would have been extremely hard for her to support rebels of any kind. Also it

would inspire resentment in the rulers of the other countries and would create more

problems in the long run.

8b the king of Spain believed that he would not be able to finally repress the Dutch

rebel until England was dealt with.

They were already engaged in skirmishes on the water with English privateers

stealing gold headed for Spain and Spanish ships attacking English ships at Mexico.

Both of England’s biggest supporters on the continent had just died- through fair

means or foul.



Armada vanquished

Catholic zealots destroyed

Today was a momentous day in queen Elizabeth’s reign as our superior navel might sent the cowardly

Spaniards sailing home with nothing but tales of defeat.

This naval battle has long been on the horizon since England broke with Rome and Spain started

persecuting Protestants but recent events meant that war was becoming imminent. Long before

today’s battle Spain attacked an English ship that was docked off the coast of Mexico and when king

Philip of Spain assassinated the duke of orange England was horrified and began preparing for war. The day’s outcome may have been vastly different if not for the heroic efforts of Sir Francis drake

when last year he led an attack on Cadiz where the Spanish fleet was preparing to invade England.

Due to his efforts the Spanish armada was debilitated and took many months for them to recover.

Once recovered the Spanish sailed to Calais. While the Spanish were docked at Calais admiral lord

Howard of Effingham sent a small number of fire ships among them, in Lord Howard’s own words “ the

Spanish panicked like a sinner on the Sabbath”. When they found that lord Howard had cut off their

escape they tried to sail up around Scotland where they were further decimated by storms. BishopWesley says the storms were divine intervention “god blew and they were scattered”.

Chapter 9

9a1 patents

Map of the route taken by the Spanish armada

In a further update as the cowardly

Catholics sailed home in defeat our queen

Elizabeth visited her loyal troops at tilbury

where she gave a rousing speech “I know I

have the body of a weak and feeble women,but I have the heart and stomach of a king

–and a king of England too- and think it

foul scorn that Parma or Spain or any prince

of Europe should dare invade the borders of

my realm; to which, rather than dishonour

shall grow by me, I myself will take up

arms.”



A2 sir Walter Raleigh

A3 whisky and lead

A4 bread

A5 because the queen can use it to undo a law that parliament makes

A6 disorder

A7 care and loyalty

A8 that some monopolies are beneficial to her subjects while a deserving servant

makes a private profit

A9 zeal to their counties (loyalty to those they are representing)

A10 the purpose of the golden speech was to graciously admit a mistake while subtly

reinforcing her royal prerogative.

9b

1a because of Gloriana and her lucky defeat of the Spanish armada

1b her ministers, William Cecil

B2a much of Elizabeth’s own correspondence has been lost over time so we can only

make assumptions off what little we do know.

2b history is consistently being rewritten and each time it is influenced by the ideals

and beliefs of that writer

B3 1 her continued reputation as being a great leader, every year we understand

more about the past so the fact the Elizabeth’s reputation has survived 412 years

untarnished means something.

2her long reign. Inheriting a country in turmoil she not only calmed the waters she

managed despite numerous plots to reign for 44 years until a natural death. Her

reign was not a peaceful one many times England’s future looked bleak and it is in

these times that many countries rebel and overthrow their monarch, yet Elizabeth

continued.

3 the 1559 religious settlement she inherit a catholic country with protestant

martyrs, not the easiest situation. Yet Elizabeth managed to change the religion



without massive casualties in a time where religious revolutions were happening

across Europe.

B3b 1 she was incredibly indecisive and at times this indecisiveness could of lead to

the down fall of England such as the execution of queen Mary because of herindecisiveness she brought England into a twenty year war

2 she left England poor with no allies. When James inherited England it was a poor

country with no allies that was engaged in a war that took years of political

manoeuvring for him to get out of without a major cost to England.

Documents

History Reign of Elizabeth