History Project 216

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Colonization

Colonization is taking political control of a less powerful country by a

more powerful one.

Why did Britain wanted to take control over Kenya

Economic clauses

1. Raw materials

British industries had expanded in the 19th century and they

needed more raw materials such as iron, cotton, tea etc. this

were not available in Britain but could be found in other parts inworld for the British to get these raw materials they had to take

control colonies these areas.

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2. Trade/market

The British trade had expanded after revolution by controlling

many parts of the world trade could be expanded more the

industries were producing a lot of goods but was no enough

market in retain itself and markets had to be found elsewhere.

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3. Taxes

The British knew that it they colonize other countries they could

be able to get taxes through imports and exports for Indiaexample after colonization the British taxed heaving the Indian

textile industry or goods they could put taxes at the level they

wanted because many countries were ignorant about taxation or

even the value of their goods

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Political reasons

1. Power

The British wanted to gain power by colonizing many parts of theworld many European countries such as Germany and France

were competing on who will be the most powerful country in

Europe and by expanding the empire the British would be more

powerful and because other European countries were taxing

control of some territory in the warred the British did not want to

be left behind

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2. Status

It was fashionable for the big countries of Europe to have colonies

abroad so the more colonies you had the higher the status

3. Settle surplus population

British population had grown rapidly since the industry revolutionand the country was becoming very populated government

wanted to take t hem out of the country and settle them

somewhere such people should be protected from the hostile

local community and this could only be done by taking political of

that country of those area.

Social reasons

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1. Cultural superiority

The British believed that their culture was superior and they had

duty to spread it to the rest of the world Christians wanted to

spread Christianity in particular in Africa were Islam was

spreading very fast the missionaries after they came to spread

gospel asked their government to take political control of those

areas far protection and to make it easier to spread the religion.

2. Education and technology

The British had become highly indestinalised and they felt they

could spread technology and education to civilize the rest of the

world.

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3. Stop slave trade

Humanitarians wanted to stop the slave trade which was still

going and some parts of the world including Africa they earged

their government to take political control of such areas so that

they could helping in stopping these practice.

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Nandi

Nandi were the people who resisted the rule of the British

people.

Causes of Nandi resistance

1. Supiroty

The Nandi believed they were superior to the other people they

had fought and defeated other communities like the luo Maasai

etc. they viewed the currival of the British as a threat to their

2. They thought the British were going to take their land.

3. They did not want the British to build a railway through their land

they had been warned by the Nandi prophet kimnyole arap turket

to beware of a black snake passing through their territory.

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4. The Nandi had their own system of government, under the

orkoiyot and they did not want to be ruled by outsiders.

5. The British were trying to bring an end to important Nandi

traditions, like cattle raiding.

The Nandi resisted the British using various methods

1. Attack on traders

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The Nandi attacked British traders using the Uganda road they

would kill and take away their goods

2. Guerilla attacks

The Nandi warriors would hide in bushes and ambush the British

kill many of them run into the bushes to prepare for another

ambush they hardly fought the British face to face

3. Refused to pay taxes

The British had been imposed taxes on the Nandis and

especially hut taxes the Nandi refused to pay this tax which they

felt it was unfair especially because they were imposed by

foreigner

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4. Attacks on railway

The British were building the Uganda railway and when it reached

Nandi territory the Nandi stole the materials building the railway

killing the workers they didnt want the railway to pass through

their land.

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Collaboration.

Collaboration meant accepting the British rule at even at times

helping the British to control other communities.

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The Wanga

The Wanga are a sub tribe of abaluhiya other like the bukusu,

samia, maragoti etc. the Wanga are to be found in the western

region of Kenya in particular formiliy the western province

collaborated with the British for different reasons.

1. Military assistance

The Wanga chief nabongo mumia wanted the British to help

him defeat his enemies mainly luhiya bukusu who

prevented him for expanding his kingdom.

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2. Political power

Mumia himself as leader selfishly wanted to become the

most powerful chief and to rule over the whole abaluhiya

community and he therefore collaborated with the British he

was very influential and he therefore convinced the Wanga

to collaborate.

3. Prestige

Mumia collaborated with the British because it made him

acquire a higher status among his people the products that

the white man gave to mumias such as clothes, bicycles

etc. made him look different from others and he did not

want to lose what made him respected by his people.

4. Material benefits

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The British brought with them manufactured goods which

impressed mumias they were better than the locally

produced goods and he therefore he saw the British

superior and he never wanted to lose friendship with them.

5. A habit

Mumias had a habit of welcoming foreigners and be

friending them sometimes without even knowing what kind

of people they were and their intensions he was one of the

leaders who had welcoming Arab Kiswahili people in his

country and he saw no reason to reject them he only saw

the benefits he would get from them.

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Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta was born in about 1890 in kiambu after his

early education; he worked briefly with the Nairobi

municipal council until 1927. He joined the KCA and became

its general secretary in the following year at the same time,

he edited the party newspaper. Muiguithania (unity)

In 1929, Kenyatta was sent to London to explain African

problems directly to the British government. He returned

home shortly but went back again in 1931 he remained in

Britain for the next fifteen years working for African

interests in 1938 he wrote a book facing mount Kenya

describing the history and customs of the agikuyu

When Kenyatta finally came home, he joined KAU and was

later arrested when mau mau got serious in 1952 he was

tried at kapenguria with other leaders these were Paul ngei,

bildad kaggai, Fred kubai, kungu karumba achieng oneko.

They were sentenced to nearly ten years in jail. Another

freedom fighter kariuki chotara joined them at lokitaung

prison. They were determined in lodwar and maralal.on his

release, Kenyatta joined KANU and led our country to

independence.

On the occasion of the first madaraka day June 1st 1963, he

asked Kenyans to work together through harambee. It is

only by cooperating that people can succeed. The call soon

became our national motto and has helped us achieve great

developments Kenyatta also appealed for unity as

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necessary for progress as the first prime minister (1964)

and first president; he did much to improve Africans living

standards. Schools, jobs, land and businesses became

readily available.by the time of his death in 1978, Kenyahad achieved good progress.

Tom mboya

Tom mboya was born in 1930 near thika but his parents

came from Rusinga Island, south nyanza. In 1951 he worked

for the Nairobi city council as a sanitary inspector in the city

council racialism angered him for although Africans did

similar work with Europeans they were discriminated

against. They earned low wages, lived in poor houses andcould not educate their children properly. He was also

against the huge Europeans farms in the white highlands he

wanted Africans to have share there too. Soon after joining

KAU in 1952 he lost his job.

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From the start of the emergency he organized African

workers in trade unions mboya felt that he could improve

their case for better terms he founded the Kenya local

government workers union and became the secretary of theKenya federation of labor which represented all trade

unions. Mboya used the movement to speak openly on

African problems because political parties were banned

parties were only allowed after 1955 and even then at a

local level national parties only started from 1960. Mboya

joined the legco in 1957 as the member for Nairobi as a

result of elections held in that year he became the secretary

of the African elected members organization in the legco he

continued explaining more about the way Africans sufferedunder the bad colonial government moreover mboya

worked for Kenyattas release and our country freedom at

the same time, he organized a huge airlift of students to

America universities. When KANU was founded, he was

elected its secretary general. He was appointed a cabinet

minister in the KANU-KADU shared government of 1962. At

the time of his death in July 1969, mboya was the minister

for economic planning

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Documents

History Project 216