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History of Graphic Design
Three key ideas
• From the first Printing Press to modern technology
• Defined by social, political and technological milestones
• The tasks of the graphic designer evolved
Examples
• Prior to the printing press
Chinese calligraphy c.1st cent.Medieval diurnal (book)
Ice age engraving on bone
1st Evolution in Printing
• Books were valuable and rare
• Mass production involved long hours, labor
• Mass production because important
Printing evolution 1
• Wood Block
• Clay
Sumerian Clay Stamp
China-woodblock print
Effects of Printing Press
• 16th C.– Presses spread through Europe– 1460-1520 The incunabula
• 17th C.– Shakespeare in Print
The Industrial Revolution• Capitalist replaced the landowneras the most powerful force inWestern countries; investment inmachines for mass manufacturebecame the basis for change inindustry.• Demand from rapidly growingurban population with expandingbuying power stimulatedtechnological improvements.• In turn this enabled massproduction, which increasedavailability and lowered costs.• The cheaper, more abundantmerchandise now availablestimulated a mass market andeven greater demand. Figure 9-63. Victorian advertisements,
1880-90. Meggs
Supply and Demand
• A basic concept, but the industrial revolution created distinct commercial “markets” because of varying tastes and wealth.
• Campaigns to reach specific consumers began
Victorian Era
• Wealth and the Middle Class
• Extravagant, decorative elegance
• Idealism in style-in décor, architecture, dress and mannerisms
Arts and Crafts Movement-1890’s
• Revolt against mass production
• The individual artists work vs. corporate art
• William Morris-Book Designer spearheaded this movement
Guiding Questions for the samples
• Describe the physical characteristics of each sample
• What technical processes were used to create the sample?
• What is the function of the sample?
• Is it a good? Why or why not?
Book cover
Describe the physical characteristics of the sample
What technical processes do you thinkwere used to create the sample?
What is the function of the sample?
Is it a good? Why or why not?
CardDescribe the physical characteristicsof the sample
What technical processes do you thinkwere used to create the sample?
What is the function of the sample?
Is it a good? Why or why not?
Magazine Cover
Describe the physical characteristicsof the sample
What technical processes do you thinkwere used to create the sample?
What is the function of the sample?
Is it a good? Why or why not?