History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 Slide day 6

History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715

Slide Set 5 Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky

Bruce A. McKain

America Prior to European Progress

Age of Exploration and Expansion

Portugal and Exploration • Prince Henry

– Known as “The Navigator”. – Supported Navigators and

Explorers, with training and large collections of charts and maps.

– Moved Portugal to the front of European exploration.

Prince Henry the Navigator


Portugal Continued • 1488 sails southward along

the coast of Africa and discovers the Cape of Good Hope.

Bartholomew Dias

Cape of Good Hope


Portugal continued • 1497 retraced the route

opened by Dias and then scouted a route across the Indian Ocean to India, setting up Portugal as a premier power in sea based eastern trade.

Vascoa Da Gama


Portugal continued • 1500 sailed southward and

West to scout a route to Brazil.

Pedro Cabral


Portugal continued • 1494 • New World conflicts

between Portugal and Spain results in their differences being taken for arbitration by the Pope.

• Settlement splits South America on a North/South axis, with the Eastern sphere going to Portugal and the Western to Spain.

Treaty of Tordesillas


Portugal continued • Portugal established a

permanent Trade Center at Goa in India. Maintains the center until England takes India as a colonial possession in the 18th century.

Goa


Spain • Christopher Columbus

– Italian – 1492 – Supported by Ferdinand and

Isabella of Spain. – Three ship expedition. – “Discovered” San Salvador – Made several additional

voyages and died believing he had discovered the westward route to the Indies.

Christopher Columbus


Ferdinand of Spain Isabella of Spain


Columbus’ Ships Columbus’ Landing


Spain continued • Exploration of Florida and

portions of Southeastern America in search for the Fountain of Youth.

• Note: He didn’t find it. He is dead.

• His exploration set the stage for the establishment of the first European city in North America St. Augustine Florida.

Juan Ponce de Leon


Spain continued • 1513 • Crosses the Isthmus of

Panama and “discovers” the South Seas.

• His discovery gave Spain the claim to the entire ocean and all the lands it touched.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa


Spain continued • Portuguese • 1519-22 • “Discovered” Straits of

Magellan at the tip of South America. “Discovered” and named the Pacific Ocean.

• His expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the earth, without him, he was killed in the Philippines.

Ferdinand Magellan


Magellan/El Cano Expedition El Cano


Spain continued • 1519-21 • Landed on the coast of Mexico

and set out on a mission of establishing a colony for Spain.

• 600 men. • Defeated the Aztec Empire

with the assistance of Indian Allies whom the Aztec had ruled.

• Horses, Guns, and Armor were significant advantages.

Hernando Cortez

The Aztec

Montezuma II Aztec Empire


Spain continued • 1531-33 • Explored Western South

America and defeated the • Inca Empire with a force of

180 men and Indian Allies.

Francisco Pizarro


Spain continued • Explored the American

Southwest in search of the Cities of Gold.

• His explorations took his expedition as far north as present day Colorado.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado


Spain continued • “Discovered” the Mississippi

River. • Explored much of the

American Southeast as far West as present day Oklahoma and Eastern Texas.

• Died of a fever and was buried in the Mississippi River, to prevent desecration of his body by Indians.

Hernando de Soto


England • Italian • Along with his son Sebastian

sailed for England and explored most of the Eastern seacoast of North America.

John Cabot


England continued • Roanoke Colony chartered to

Sir Walter Raleigh. • Established 1584. • Led by John White. • First English child born in

North America, Virginia Dare. • White left to go back to

England for supplies, when he returned the colony had vanished.

John White

Roanoke Colony

Virginia Dare Roanoke Colony


England continued • Jamestown Colony

chartered to Sir Walter Raleigh.

• Established 1607. • Led by John Smith. • Saved from failure by John

Rolfe, who discovered the qualities of short leaf tobacco.

John Smith

Jamestown Colony

Early Jamestown Sir Walter Raleigh

Jamestown Colony

John Rolfe Pocahontas


France • Explored the St. Lawrence

River and established the initial settlement at the site of present day Montreal.

• Explored no further inland due to rapids at falls at that point.

Jacques Cartier


France continued • Founded the present day

city of Quebec.

Samuel de Champlain


France continued • “Discovered” mouth of

Mississippi River in 1682. • His voyage from the

headwaters of the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico gave France the claim to inland North America that was the basis of Napoleon’s right to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803.

Lasalle


Holland • Englishman but sails for

Holland Discovers Hudson Bay and River.

• Sought a Northward passage around North America to prevent the necessity of sailing around South America in order to reach the Pacific Ocean.

Henry Hudson


Sweden • Founded Ft Christiana in

1638, this was later absorbed by the Dutch and would become New Amsterdam, which would be taken by the English King’s brother, the Duke of York, and become known as New York City.

Fort Christiana

Swedish Influence

Leif Erikson Peter Minuit

Duke of York

Problems with the Devine Right Monarchy

The Sun King • Ruled France of 77 years –

longest reigning of any European Monarch.

• Established the concept of absolute rule.

• Abused his powers • Nearly bankrupted France. • “I and the State” is

attributed to him.

Louis XIV of France

The Stuarts of England

The Stuart House • James VI of Scotland

becomes King of England upon death of Elizabeth I.

• Orders official English translation of Bible, “King James Version” which becomes the standard Bible for English speaking protestants until the late 20th century.

James I


The Stuart House • King at the start of The

English Civil War • Cavaliers – loyal to the King. • Roundheads- English

Protestants led in revolt by Oliver Cromwell.

• Charles lost his head over religion.

Charles I

Oliver Cromwell and the Rump Parliament

English Civil War • Led the Roundheads • Heavy handed dealings

with Ireland. His name is still hated there today.

• After a period of time the people of England decided that maybe the King had not been so bad after all.

Oliver Cromwell


The Restoration • Ruled for a relatively short

time. • Succeeded to throne by his

brother James.

Charles II


The Glorious Revolution • Took throne upon death of his

brother Charles II. • Pledged that he would not

attempt to re-establish Catholic Church as official church of England.

• Son raised in France led to fear of his successor.

• Abdicated and fled England upon news of William of Orange’s landing during Glorious Revolution.

James II


The Glorious Revolution • Agreed to come to England

and rule with his wife as C0-Regents.

• Died of complications from a broken collarbone.

William of Orange


William III Mary II


The Last Stuart Monarch • Rules after the death of

William of Orange until 1714.

• LARGE LADY buried in a coffin that was almost square.

• No living children. • End of the line of Stuart.

Queen Anne

King George I

The German King • Hannover Germany • Never learns to speak

English. • Required a translator in

court 24/7. • Spent half his time in

Germany. • Grandfather to George III

who the colonies kicked out of America.

George I

Documents

History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 Slide day 6