Historical Implications, Part 3

Historical Implications, Part 3Melissa Aronson

Lydia Abu-RahmehMargot Franco

Martha FreewaltTESOL 507Nona Hall

September 25, 2013

African Americans Defined

African Americans constitute the second largest racial and ethnic minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved blacks

within the boundaries of the present United States.

The Path of African Migration to North America

1400’sIn 1492, Black navigator Pedro Aloso Nino arrived in

North America with Christopher Columbus & his crew.

1500’s

In the 1500’s African adventurers explored North and South America with Spanish explorers, including

Hernando de Soto.

1600’s

In 1619, a Dutch ship carrying 20 African indentured servants arrived in Jamestown.

1700’s

By the 1700’s, Spain, Portugal, France, and the

Netherlands began kidnapping and enslaving West Africans and selling them in the U.S. colonies.

Europe

300 Years of “Migration” Statistics

• 15-20 Million Africans were brought the North American as slaves.

• 1 million died en route.• 400,000 were sent to the 13

British colonies prior to the Revolutionary War.

• By 1790, there were 700,000 Africans in North American.

• By 1830, there were 2 million.

• By the start of the Civil War, there were 4 million.

West African Slave Trade Routes

“Migration” Milestones

• 1776: Due to pressure from the Southern states, the Declaration of Independence excluded Africans.

• 1787: Congress passes a law to extend the slave trade for 20 more years.

• 1791: Slave revolt in Haiti

• 1807: Congress passes laws banning slavery that are ignored by the South.

• 1831-1861: 750,000 Africans migrate North on the Underground Railroad

• 1863: Emancipation Proclamation

• 1865: The 13th Amendment is passed banning African slavery forever.

Migration Milestones

• 1870: Africans migrate to the North & West United States.

• 1890: Africans migrate to the Northeast and Midwest

• 1920: 750,000 Africans left the South in 1 year. This was known as the Great Migration.

African Americans Today

1990 - Present

The U.S. Census reveals an increase in the African American population to 12 percent of the total U.S.

population, with over 50 percent of all African Americans still residing in southern states.

References:

• Internet Timeline: http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/alt/african8.html.

• Internet Timeline: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/timeline/building_02.html.

• Maps: Google Images