GREY MATTER: Nuclei andRexed laminae

WHITE MATTER: Tracts andfascicules

posterior funicule

anterior funicule

lateral funicule

posteriomedianseptum

anteromedianfissure

posteromediansulcus

white commissure

whitematter

posterolateral sulcus(for posterior radix)

anterolateral sulcus(for anterior radix)

SpinalSpinal cordcord: : cervicalcervical segmentsegment

posterior horn / sensory horn

anterior horn / motoric horn

SpinalSpinal cordcord cervicalcervical segmentsegment::HE (HE (SlideSlide 80) 80) vsvs. . myelinemyeline stainingstaining ((SlideSlide 81)81)

central canal

white commissure

posteromedian septum

Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (low magnification)

Virchow-Robinperivascular

spaces+ artefact

ependyma

anteromedianfissureANT.

HORN

POST.HORN

centralcanal

posteromedianseptum

whitecommissure

AnteriorAnterior hornhorn: : DEITERSDEITERS neuronsneurons (( -- / / lowerlower motoneuronsmotoneurons))

Slide 80: Spinal cord,HE (medium magnif.)

Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (high magnif.)

Deiters s neuron:- multipolar- cholinergic (acetylcholine)- it has A neurofiberneurofiber (120 m/s (120 m/s speedspeed spreadspread))-- innervatedinnervated byby anan interneuroninterneuron, , whichwhich regulatedregulated byby thethe

upperupper motoneuronmotoneuron, , calledcalled BetzBetz pyramidalpyramidal cellcell

nucleus

nucleolus

nucleus of glial cell

Slide 80: Spinal cord, HE (high magnification)

AnteriorAnterior hornhorn : DEITERS: DEITERS motoneuronmotoneuron

capillares(erythrocytes)

nucleus ofglial cell

MyelinMyelin stainingstaining: : DeitersDeiters motoneuronmotoneuronandand axonsaxons cancan be be seenseen indirectlyindirectly

Slide 81: Spinal cord, myelin staining (high magnif.)

White matter Grey matter

axon

myelin sheath

longsection

ofneuro-fibers

cross-section

of neuro-fibers

SensorySensory ganglionganglion

TypesTypes ofof sensorysensory ganglionsganglions

SpinalSpinal oror intervertebralintervertebral gangliagangliaSensorySensory gangliaganglia ofof thethe cranialcranial nervesnerves

V.: V.: GasserGasser / / trigeminaltrigeminal / / semilunarsemilunar ganglionganglion

VII.: VII.: geniculargenicular gglggl..

VIII.: VIII.: spiralspiral, , vestibularvestibular gglggl..

IX.: IX.: superiorsuperior, , inferiorinferior / / petrosalpetrosal gglggl..

X.: X.: superiorsuperior / / jugularjugular, , inferiorinferior / / nodalnodal gglggl..

NeurontypesNeurontypes ofof thethe spinalspinal ganglionganglion

pseudounipolarpseudounipolar neuron neuron LL ((largelarge)) andand SDSD ((smallsmall darkdark)) cellscells

ExceptExcept: : bipolarbipolar neuron neuron spiralspiral andand vestibularvestibular ganglionganglion

SpinalSpinal / / intervertebralintervertebral ganglionganglion

Slide 76: Spinal ganglion, HE (low magnif.)

Pseudounipolar (L and SD) neurons

+satellite glial cells

Neurofibers of theposterior root

(long sect.)

Paraneurium(outer connective tissue

capsule)

Slide 76 : Spinal ganglion, HE (high magnif.)

Neurofibers (l.s.)

Nuclei ofSchwann-cells

axon

Nuclei ofthe glia cells

Perikaryons of thepseudounipolar neurons

L

SD

SpinalSpinal GglGgl.: .: pseudounipolarpseudounipolar neurontypesneurontypes

SPSP

((substancesubstance--PP))GluGlu

((glutamateglutamate))MainMain neuroneuro--transmittertransmitter

protopathicprotopathicepicriticepicriticSensibilitySensibility

unmyelinatedunmyelinated, , CC--typetype ((slowslow))

myelinatedmyelinated, , AA--typetype

((fastfast))TypeType ofof

neurofiberneurofiber

smallsmalllargelargeContentContent ofof

neurofilamentsneurofilaments

homogenhomogen, , darkdarkheterogenheterogenStainingStaining

SD (SD (smallsmall darkdark) ) pseudounipolpseudounipol. .

neuronneuron

L (L (largelarge) ) pseudounipolpseudounipol. .

neuronneuron

AutonomicAutonomic nervousnervous systemsystem (ANS)(ANS)

Cranial psy ggll.Brainstem,

S spinal segmentParasymp.

NS

Enteral NSIntramural ggl.

Paravertebral ggl.,Praevertebrale ggl.

Th-L spinalsegment

SympatheticNS

(Post)ganglionarneuron

Praeganglionarneuron

Partsof ANS

-

Paravertebral ggl.or

Praevertebral ggl.

Intramural ggl.praeganglionic fiberpostganglionic fiber

Min. one periferic relay can be found!

No autonomiccenter can be

found!

SY autonomiccenter

= lateral horn

PSY autonomiccenter

= lateral horn

No autonomiccenter!

VegetativeVegetative GangliaGanglia

manymany, , inin alsoalso thetheentericenteric NSNS cancan be be foundfound, , belongingbelongingtoto vagusvagus nervenerve

(X.)(X.)

ciliarciliar gglggl. (III.),. (III.),

pterygopalatinalpterygopalatinalandand

submandibularsubmandibulargglggl. .

(VII.),(VII.),

oticotic gglggl. (IX.). (IX.)

coeliaccoeliac gglggl.,.,

supsup. . andand infinf. . mesentericmesenteric gglggl.,.,

aorticorenalaorticorenal gglggl.,.,

suprarenalsuprarenal gglggl.,.,

uterovaginaluterovaginal gglggl., ., etcetc..

cervicalcervical gglggl..

(2(2--3 3 pairspairs), *,), *,

thoracicalthoracical gglggl. .

(10(10--13 13 pairspairs),),

lumballumbal gglggl. .

(4 (4 pairspairs),),

sacralsacral gglggl. .

(4(4--5 5 pairspairs),),

imparimpar gglggl..

IntramuralIntramuralGglGgl..

CranialCranialGglGgl. .

PraePraevertebralvertebralGglGgl. .

ParaParavertebralvertebralGglGgl. .

ParasympatheticParasympathetic NSNSSympatheticSympathetic NSNS

* * stellatstellat / / cervicothoraciccervicothoracic gglggl. = . = infinf. . cervicalecervicale + + firstfirst thoracicalthoracical gglggl..

Slide 79: Vegetative ggl., Ag impregnation

Perikaryons of theMULTIPOLAR neurons

Neurofibers

DevelopmentDevelopment ofof thethe NeurofibersNeurofibers ((myelinatedmyelinated axonsaxonsoror dendrites) dendrites) inin thethe CNS, CNS, andand inin thethe PNSPNS

Redlich Obersteinerline / zone

SchwannSchwann -- cellcell

Oligodendroglia

SchwannSchwann-- cellcell

Oligo-dendro-

glia

Schmidt Lantermannincisure

NO Schmidt Lantermann incisure!

NerveNerve = = bundlebundle ofof perifericalperiferical neurofibersneurofibers::connectiveconnective tissuetissue layerslayers

Pia materPia materRoundRound thethe neurofiberneurofiberEndoneuriumEndoneurium

ArachnoideaArachnoideaRoundRound thethe funiculefunicule ((smallsmallbundlebundle ofof neurofibersneurofibers))

PerineuriumPerineurium

DuraDura matermaterRoundRound thethe nervenerveEpineuriumEpineurium

EpiduralEpidural connectiveconnective tissuetissue

((ifif itit existsexists))RoundRound thethe fasciculesfascicules andand

nervetruncsnervetruncsParaneuriumParaneurium

TransitionTransitionFlavourFlavourLayersLayers

NerveNerve

neurofiberneurofiber

funicule

funicule

SchwannSchwann --cellcell

myelinmyelinsheathsheath

BMBM

axonaxon

Epineurium

Perineurium

Endoneurium

ParaneuriumEpineurium

Perineurium

EndoneuriumFat tissue

artery, vein

Slide 72: Nerve, cross section, HE

Axon

Myelin sheath

Perineurium

Nucleusof Schwann-cell

Nucleus of Fibrocyte(in the endoneurium)

Slide 74: Nerve, cross section, Osmium

Perineurium

Endoneurium

Myelin sheath

Axon

Slide 73: Nerve, long section, HE.

Axon

nucleusof Schwann-cell

Nucleus of Fibrocyte(endoneurium)

Ranvier node

Slide 73: Nerve, long section, HE

node of Ranvier

Nucleus ofSchwann-cell

Slide 75: Nerve, Hm., Osmium

node of Ranvier

Axon

Myelin sheath