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Cartilage and bone
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Cartilage consists of cells (chondrocytes) and an extensive extracellular matrixcomposed of fibers and ground substance.3 forms of cartilage have evolved, eachexhibiting variations in matrix composition:
1. Hyaline cartilage2. Elastic cartilage3. Fibrocartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage: in the articular surfaces of themovable joints; the walls of larger respiratorypassages (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi); theventral ends of ribs; and in the epyphysealplates of bones
2. Elastic cartilage: in the auricle of the ear; thewalls of the external auditory canals, theauditory tubes, the epiglottis, and the cuneiformcartilage in the larynx
3. Fibrocartilage: in the intervertebral disks; and inarticular menisci
Perichondrium: outer layer (stratum fibrosum) type I collagen, inner layer (stratum
chondroblasticum) rich of cellsThe unit of cartilages: chondronChondrocyte: only one cell, or little groups ofcells, roundish shape, spherical nucleus
In hyaline cartilage: 2-4 chondrocytesIn elastic cartilage: 1-2 chondrocytesIn fibrous cartilage: 1 chondrocyte
LacunaPericellular matrixTerritorial/capsular matrixInterterritorial matrix
Schematic representation of hyaline cartilage
territorial/capsular matrix
chondron
chondrocyteinterterritorialmatrix
lacuna
perichondrium
pericellular matrix
Slide 7, Hyaline cartilage (HE), 10X
perichondriumstratum fibrosum
stratum chondroblasticum
interterritorial matrix
chondrons
chondrocytes
territorial matrix
chondron
lacuna
Slide 7, Hyaline cartilage (HE), 40X
pericellular matrix
interterritorial matrix
To identify the parts of hyaline cartilage:perichondriumchondronchondrocytepericellular matrixterritorial matrixinterterritorial matrixlacuna
Slide 8, ear (orcein+H), 10X
perichondrium
perichondrium
chondrons
elastic fibers
chondrocytes
chondron
Slide 8, ear (orcein+H), 40X
To identify the components of the elasticcartilage:elastic fiberchondronchondrocyte
Slide 9, Articular menisc (HE), 40X
collagen fibers
chondrocytes
To identify the parts of the fibrocartilage:chondrocytescollagen fibers
cancellous(spongy) bone
Inner circumferentiallamellae
compact bone
outer circumferential lamellaeHaversian system (osteon)
osteocyteHaversiancanal
Volkmann scanal
Schematic drawing of the bone
Slide 10, Bone (ground section) 10X
Haversian canalVolkmann s canal
inner circumferential lamellae
outer circumferential lamellae
osteocytes
interstitial lamellae
osteon
Haversian canal
osteocytes
Slide 10, Bone (ground section) 40X
osteon
To recognize the following structures:osteonouter and inner circumferential lamellaeinterstitial lamellaeosteocyteVolkmann s canalHaversian canal
Enchondralossification
Slide 11, Enchondral ossification (HE) 4X
enchondral ossification
skeletal muscle
bone spicules
bone marrow
bone marrow
bone spicule ossification zone
hypertrofic cartilage zone
proliferative zone
resting zone
Slide 11, Enchondral ossification (HE) 10X
To identify:enchondral ossification with its zonesbone marrowbone spiculesskeletal muscleadipose tissue