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Sim Nowell Paolo Q. 2LM2 December 17, 2013

I. A. Summary of Ca!"er I#

$i%"ory a% bee& alway% im!or"a&" i& our %ocie"y becau%e i" "eace% u% our !a%" mi%"a'e%

a&( el!% u% reali)e wa" we %oul( (o "o im!ro*e our %ocie"y. Mo(er& !rac"ice of i%"ory be+i&%

wi" wri""e& recor(% e*i(e&ce of uma& cul"ure wi"ou" wri"i&+ i% i& "e !rei%"oric era. -e

Pili!!i&e% a% &o" ye" !ubli%e( a !rei%!a&ic (ocume&" wi" %i+&ifica&" !roof of au"e&"ici"y.

-e %colar% i& our cou&"ry rely o& o"er cou&"rie% recor(% "o fi&( !o%%ible refere&ce% "o our !a%"

a&( "o el! u% reco&&ec" i" i& "e !re%e&".

  /&e of "e a!!are&" recor(% from our &ei+bori&+ cou&"rie% i% from "e Ci&e%e em!ire,

wic (a"e% bac' "o "e !reCri%"ia& era. -e "ra&%la"io&% a*e &o" ye" bee& co&cer&e( (irec"ly

"o "e Pili!!i&e% becau%e "e Ci&e%e are %ayi&+ "a" "e ili!i&o% i& "e ol(e& "ime% are

 barbaria&%, wic are u&fi" %ubec"% for li"erary e!o%i"io&. Accor(i&+ "o $e&ry /"ley 4eyer e

calle( i" a% "e Pro"o i%"oric !erio(. Accor(i&+ "o Peral"a 520036 Some of "e earlie%" wri""e&

accou&"% of "e Pili!!i&e% ca& be "race( bac' "o cro&icle% from "e So&+

Dy&a%"y of Ci&a arou&( "e 12" ce&"ury A.D. -ere were !roof% of Ci&e%e "ra(e e*e& wi"ou"

wri""e& recor(% li'e from "e Su&+ Dy&a%"y 58012796, wic +a*e u% a& ac"ual (e%cri!"io& of 

"ra(e a&( i& "e Mi&+ (y&a%"y 5138918::6, wic &o"ice u% of more official co&"ac" a% well a% a&

accou&" of "e S!a&i% co&;ue%". Scolar% wi" *aryi&+ (e+ree% of com!e"e&ce a&( !ro(uc"i*i"y

%cru"i&i)e( *a+ue !erio(% li'e <rime% mo(er& %"u(y of "e !re*aili&+ wi&(% i& "e Sou" Ci&a

Sea, wic wa% abou" a $%ie&% !il+rim were e wa% blow& off cour%e o& i% re"ur& from I&(ia

a&( wou&( u! be"wee& Lu)o& a&( ormo%a a&( =a&+ -emi&+ a&( o"er %colar% %ayi&+ "a" i&

"e a&cie&" "e" "ey co&clu(e "a" "ere wa% a *olca&o i& Lu)o&, -er&a"e, -imor or %omewere

i& >a*a. 4u" "e i%"oria&% u&+er for refere&ce% le( "em "o u%e %"ray (a"a, o&e of "em i% Au%"i&

Crai+, emi&e&" au"ori"y o& ri)al , ;uo"e( -errie& (e Lacou!erie% ormo%a No"e% wic ;uo"e(

<eor+e ?lei&wac"er% -e i%"ory of ormo%a u&(er "e Ci&e%e wic ;uo"e( "e @a&+ -cou

=e& ?ao wic %u++e%" "a" <a((a&+% a&( ?ali&+a% of Nor"er& Lu)o& were -a+alo+%.

Me(ie*al Ci&a a( a lac' of i&"ere%" i& +eo+ra!y of "e Sou" a%" A%ia, bu" i& "e Su&+

Dy&a%"y %u!!or"e( by "ariff re*e&ue%, came "e fir%" !o%i"i*e refere&ce a&( "e fir%" (e%cri!"io& of 

"e Pili!!i&e% a% Mo@i or Mai. No" o&ly "a" bu" a lo" of recor(% ari%e "o bac' u! "e fir%" e*er 

 !o%i"i*e refere&ce li'e "e -wo ca!"er% of Su!eri&"e&(e&" of orei+& -ra(e of Cao >u'ua a&(

Cu a& Ci a&( more. 4u" &e of "e mo%" im!or"a&" (e%cri!"io& of "e Pili!!i&e% i& "e13"

ce&"ury wa%

Cao >u?ua%, wic %owe( u% "a" ili!i&o "ra(er, were "ru%"wor"y o& co&(uc"i&+"eir bu%i&e%% aboar( Ci&e%e *e%%el%, wic were a&core( i& %ome %ea!or"% wi" !oli"ical

 uri%(ic"io& o*er o"er i%la&(%. Mai i% &or" of 4or&eo. -ey %ay "a" MaI i% e*i(e&"ly Mi&(oro.

-e &a"i*e% "ere li*e i& lar+e *illa+e% a&( wore clo" li'e %ee"%. -e me"o( for "ra&%ac"i&+

 bu%i&e%% i% for "e &a"i*e "ra(er% "o (e%ce&( o& "e ba%'e"% a&( am!er% "e& mob "e& +o off 

"a'i&+ "e +oo(% arou&( "o "e o"er i%la&( for "ra(i&+.

-e mai& !ro(uc"% of "e &a"i*e% i& MaI are yellow wa, co""o&, "rue !earl, "or"oi%e%ell,

me(ici&al be"el&u"% a&( yu"a clo"%. Sa&%u al%o of "e %ame %or" a% MaI wi" ma&y &ame% li'e

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?iamaye&, Palauyu a&( Pa'i&u&+. 4u" "e merca&"% wo reac "i% !lace (are &o" +o

a%ore a% "ey %ay "a" "e &a"i*e% are %a*a+e% "a" are wy "o ma'e %ure "ere wa% a %ucce%%ful

"ra(e "ey re"ai& o%"a+e% aboar(. Cao >u'ua i&(ica"e( "a" MaI %eem% "o be !oli"ically more

%o!i%"ica"e( "a& Sa&%u a&( Sa&%u !eo!le are %ca""ere( abou" i& "ribe% wile MaI are &o" "e

fir%" %e""ler% i& "eir la&( for "ey (o&" '&ow were "e bro&)e ima+e% come from. =a&+ -ayua&% -aoCi Lue !re%e&"% %"illmore (e"ail% of me(ie*al ili!i&o life. -ree area% were

a((e( a&( "ey were Sulu, Mi&"ola&+, Malilu. =a&+ -ayua& i% famou% for i% *oya+e "o "e

Sou"er& Sea a% a "ouri%". -ere clear e*i(e&ce% of cul"ural co&"ac"% be"wee& =a&+ -ayua& a&(

A%ia& mai&la&( li'e $i&(u !rac"ice of %u""ee a&( u%e of bamboo be% i& Malilu. =a&+ (oe% &o"

u%e "e "erm B%a*a+e% for ili!i&o% becau%e e ac'&owle(+e% "e !re%e&ce of "ribal cief"ai&% of 

MaI, Sa&"ao a&( Sulu bu" e fi&(% "e Sa&%u !eo!le %im!le. $i% accou&" of Mi&"ola&+

i&(ica"e% a %i+&ifica&" (iffere&ce be"wee& cul"ure% a&( "a" of MaI, Sa&"ao, Malilu a&( Sulu.

/&ly i& Mi&"ola&+ (oe% !eo!le wear lo&+ blue +arme&"% wi" %or" blac' ac'e" a&( !u&i%

robbery by eecu"i&+ "e robber% family. 4o" Cu a& Ci a&( "e -ao I Ci Lue i&(ica"e%

%ome barbarou% !lace calle( Pi%oeye wic may be #i%aya%. =a&+ (e%cribe% "e &a"i*e% a%

 bei&+ "a""ooe( u! "e &ec' a&( "ey are ru"le%% %la*er%. Cao >u'ua !or"ray% "em a% &a'e(

ca&&ibal% wo rai(% of rai( a&( !lu&(er o& "e Ci&a coa%".

-e la"er Ci&e%e accou&"% are from a lo&e e&"ry i& "e fir%" year of "e Mi&+ Dy&a%"y

wic "al'% abou" Sulu force% rai(i&+ 4or&eo bu" (ri*e& off wi" a%%i%"a&ce from >a*a. Af"er "e

comi&+ of a& e&er+e"ic &ew em!eror, im!erial e&*oy% %!rea( "e wor( amo&+ !eo!le% "oo

remo"e "o wi"&e%% i&clu(i&+ "e Pili!!i&e%. Ma&y of "e %mall cou&"rie% %e&" "ribu"e e&*oy%.

-e& official me&"io& of "e Pili!!i&e% i& Ci&e%e recor( wa% a (e%cri!"io& of Sulu, wic

me&"io&e( %al", ma(e from %eawa"er, %u+arca&e wi&e, a&( clo"e wo*e& of "e ou"er bamboo

fiber%, !earl% a&( S!a&i% a""em!"% a" co&;ue%".

/"er recor(% %ow u% "a" &o" o&ly "e Ci&e%e a( !rei%!a&ic co&"ac" wi" "e

Pili!!i&e%, li'e "e >a!a&e%e wic were "ra(i&+ wi" (eer%'i&%, local woo( a&( ol( Ci&e%e

 ar%, I&(ic eleme&"% a&( ar"ifac"% fou&( i& !rei%"oric Pili!!i&e% wic %u++e%" co&"ac"% wi"

Suma"ra a&( >a*a. rom "e o"er %i(e of "e worl( come al%o "ree recor(% of we%"er&er% "ey

are Marco Polo %ayi&+ "a" e mi+" a( !a%%e( "rou+ "e Pili!!i&e%, /(oric Ma""iu%i e

(e%cribe( "e &a"i*e% u%e blow +u&% a&( carry li""le %"o&e% a% Ba&"i&+ a&"i&+ a&( "a""oo

"em%el*e% for !ro"ec"io& a&( Ib& 4a"u"a wo "al'e( abou" Pri&ce%% r(ua of -awali%i. La%"ly i%

a uro!ea& "e", wic (e%cribe( bo" "e ili!i&o% a&( "e la&( "ey came froma&( i" i% -e

Summa /rie&"al of -ome Pire%. I& "i% "e" e call% ili!i&o% Luceo% a&( (e%cribe% "em a%

robu%" a&( ar(wor'i&+ !eo!le.

Al"ou+ "e Pili!!i&e% lac' !rei%"oric (ocume&"% a ;ua%ii%"orical recor( i% fou&(

i& "e "ar%ila% or family +e&ealo+ie%, of "e Mu%lim ruler% of Sulu a&( Ma+i&(a&ao.

Ma+i&(a&ao% recor(% are more o& e"ra*a+a&" fa&"a%y li'e a&+el% carrie( "e !ara(i%e "o Mecca.

Sulu% recor(% are more o& %oli( fac"% li'e "e comi&+ of ?arim ul Ma'(um by a& iro& !o" or

*e%%el, followe( by a co&;ueror &ame( Eaa 4ari&(a, wo +a*e i% (au+"er "o Abu 4a'r, "e

fou&(er of "e Sul"a&a"e of Sulu.

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-e earlie%" refere&ce "o "e Pili!!!i&e a!!ear% from "e ci&%e% recor(% a&( "e

ili!i&o% are (e%cribe( "o a*e a %im!le cu%"om a&( ma"erial cul"ure wi" Ci&e%e a&( $i&(u

i&flue&ce, a*e %ocial or+a&i)a"io& a&( well (e*elo! (ome%"ic a&( forei+& "ra(i&+. -ey u%ually

"ra(e wa, iber clo" be"el&u"%, coco&u", co""o&, a&( ma&y more.

4. -e i&clu%io&, e&umera"io&, e!la&a"io& a&( (i%cu%%io& of im!or"a&" "ermi&olo+ie% i&

Ca!"er I#

• Pro"oi%"oric Perio( i" wa% "e "erm u%e( by $e&ry /"ley 4eyer

-e 10"1F"  ce&"urie% we& im!or"e( !orcelai&%

ma'e (a"i&+ !o%%ible e*e& wi"ou" wri""e& recor(.

• -erra i&co+&i"a i% a "erm u%e( i& car"o+ra!y 

for re+io&% "a" a*e &o" bee&

ma!!e( or (ocume&"e(.• <a((a&+ a&( ?ali&+a "ribe% i& "e &or"er& !ar" of Lu)o& i& "e Pili!!i&e%

"e wor( G<a((a&+G come% from "e

wor( +a mea&i&+ Gea"G a&( (a&+ mea&i&+ Gbur&e(G ?ali&+a come% from "e commo& &ou& B'ali&+a

wic mea&% Be&emy, Bfi+"er, or Bea(u&"er 

•   Sa&%u "ree i%la&(% wi" %uc &ame% a% ?iamaye&, Plauyu a&( Pa'i&u&+.

•   Mi&"ola&+H?umalala&+ ol( &ame of Mi&(a&ao

•   Malilu ol( &ame of Ma&ila

• Su""ee "e I&(ia& cu%"om of a wi(ow bur&i&+ er%elf, ei"er o& "e fu&eral

 !yre of er (ea( u%ba&( or i& %ome o"er fa%io&, %oo& af"er i% (ea".

• Dawa" wa ba"a' 'a"ur B4ri&+ i&'%"a&( a&( !a!er

• Lucoe% i" i% wa" "e Por"u+ue%e e!lorer% call "e &a"i*e% i& "e %ou"ea%" a%ia

• -ar%ila% come% from a& Arabic wor( mea&i&+ "e li&' of a cai&.

  i" i% "e li&' of a %ul"a& "o "e !ro!e" a&( ;ualifica"io& i& "e

or"o(o I%lam "o rule o*er "e !eo!le

• Seara Melayu Malay A&&al% i% a Malay 

li"erary wor' wic co*er% a !erio( of 

o*er 800 year% "a" cro&icle% "e, "e& a&( &ow, <e&ealo+ie% of Euler% i& "e

Malay Arci!ela+o.

II. Eeac"io&  A% wa" "o I rea( abou" (iffere&" recor(% "a'e& from (iffere&" cou&"rie% our a&ce%"or% were

ar(wor'i&+ a&( "ru%"wor"y !eo!le. &"il &ow more re%earcer% are fi&(i&+ %ource% "a" woul( el!

"em crea"e a clearer !ic"ure of "e !a%". or i" i% im!or"a&" "o lear& were we came from a&( wa"

mi%"a'e% a&( calle&+e% "ey face "rou+ for u% "o lear& a&( &e*er "o re!ea" "o%e a&( "e

i&&o*a"io&% a&( %ucce%% "o be able "o re!ea" "em. Now a*i&+ "e%e recor(% i" ca& el! u% i&

u&(er%"a&(i&+ a&( a!!recia"i&+ wa" we &ow a*e a&( wy we are li'e "i%.

Eefere&ceJ

• =illaim e&ry, S. Ca!"er I# . A Cri"ical S"u(y of Pili!!i&e $i%"ory . 5!!. 8F96. .

• /cam!o, Ambe". 2012. Prei%"oric Pili!!i&e% 5Loo'i&+ 4ac' 86. Pa%i+ Ci"yJ A&*il.

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• >e%u% $. Peral"a, Prei%"ory of "e Pili!!i&e%,

""!JHHwww.&cca.+o*.!H!il.Kcul"ureH"ra(i"io&alKar"%H+lim!%e%H!rei%"oryH+la&ce%H+la&

ce%K!rei%"ory."m

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