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HistologyHistology

of theof the

EndocrineEndocrineSystemSystem

Ma. Minda Luz M. Manuguid,Ma. Minda Luz M. Manuguid,

M.D.M.D.


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Endocrine glandsEndocrine glands

PituitaryPituitary

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Pineal glandPineal gland

ThymusThymusThyroidThyroid

ParathyroidParathyroid

PancreasPancreasAdrenalAdrenal

GonadsGonads


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Hypophysis cerebri /Hypophysis cerebri /

Pituitary glandPituitary gland

Somewhat mushroom-shaped, measuresSomewhat mushroom-shaped, measures

1.5 x 1 x 0.5 cm; located at the base of the1.5 x 1 x 0.5 cm; located at the base of the

brain in a basin-like depression, thebrain in a basin-like depression, the sellasella

turcica,turcica, in a deep recess of the sphenoidin a deep recess of the sphenoidbone,bone,& is covered by a part of the dura& is covered by a part of the dura

mater, themater, the diaphragma sellaediaphragma sellae

Is considered the master control gland Is considered the master control gland

it regulates BMR, the other endocrineit regulates BMR, the other endocrineglands, & the overall growth of the body.glands, & the overall growth of the body.

It is itself regulated by negative controlIt is itself regulated by negative control

feedback from other endocrine glandsfeedback from other endocrine glands


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PituitaryPituitary

Adenohypophysis Adenohypophysis

anterior lobe:anterior lobe:

**acidophilsac

idophils::

somatotropessomatotropes secretesecreteGH;GH; lactotropeslactotropes //

mammotropesmammotropes secretesecrete

ProlactinProlactin

**basophilsbaso

phils:: coticotropescoticotropessecrete ACTH & LPHsecrete ACTH & LPH

(precursor to MSH);(precursor to MSH);

gonadotropesgonadotropes secretesecrete


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PituitaryPituitary

NeurohypophysisNeurohypophysisposterior lobe: *posterior lobe: *parsparsnervosanervosa infundibular infundibularprocess containprocess contain HerringHerring

bodiesbodies (markedly(markedlydistended axon terminals)distended axon terminals)&&pituicytespituicytes neuroglial neuroglialcellscells **infundibular steminfundibular stem

**median eminencemedian eminence --part of thepart of the tubertubercinereum (part of the 3cinereum (part of the 3rdrd

ventricle of the brain)ventricle of the brain)

SecreteSecreteADH /ADH /

VasopressinVasopressin,, OxytocinOxytocin, &, &


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Hypothalamic PituitaryHypothalamic Pituitary

connectionsconnections


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Hypothalamic NucleiHypothalamic Nuclei

Medial AreaMedial Area Lateral AreaLateral AreaAnteriorAnterior

MedialMedial preopticpreoptic nucleusnucleus LateralLateralpreoptic nucleuspreoptic nucleusSupraopticSupraoptic nucleusnucleus LateralLateralnucleusnucleusParaventricularParaventricular nucleusnucleus part ofpart ofSupraoptic nucleusSupraoptic nucleusAnterior hypothalamic nucleusAnterior hypothalamic nucleusSuprachiasmaticSuprachiasmatic nucleusnucleus

TuberalTuberal DorsomedialDorsomedial nucleusnucleus LateralLateralnucleusnucleusVentromedialVentromedial nucleusnucleus LateralLateraltuberal nucleituberal nuclei

ArcuateArcuate nucleusnucleus PosteriorPosterior
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_preoptic_nucleus


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Epiphysis cerebri/Pineal GlandEpiphysis cerebri/Pineal Gland

7 x 4 mm, 100-150 mg.,7 x 4 mm, 100-150 mg.,

located above the thirdlocated above the third

ventricle of the brain;ventricle of the brain;

connected to the brain by theconnected to the brain by the

pineal stalkpineal stalk

PinealocytesPinealocytes large large

polymorphic nuclei,polymorphic nuclei,

conspicuous nuclearconspicuous nuclear

indentations, one or moreindentations, one or moreprominent nucleoli; short thinprominent nucleoli; short thin

process ends on adjacentprocess ends on adjacent

pinealocyte, longer one endspinealocyte, longer one ends

near space around bloodnear space around bloodvessels; secrete Melatoninvessels; secrete Melatonin


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ThymusThymus

CortexCortex lymphocyteslymphocytes

MedullaMedulla reticular reticular

cells cells secretesecreteThymosinThymosin, a, a

lymphokine thatlymphokine that

mediatesmediates

lymphocytelymphocytedifferentiationdifferentiation

HassallsHassalls

corpusclescorpuscles also also

thymicthymic


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Thyroid & Parathyroid Thyroid & Parathyroid


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ThyroidThyroid

Follicular cellsFollicular cells --

cuboidal, secretecuboidal, secrete

T3T3 && T4(thyroxine)T4(thyroxine)

stored asstored asthyroglobulin.thyroglobulin.

(thyroid follicles(thyroid follicles

are lined byare lined by

cuboidal cells, withcuboidal cells, witha homogenousa homogenous

hyaline material-hyaline material-

ColloidColloid - within the- within the

lumen)lumen)


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ParathyroidParathyroid

Chief cellsChief cells --

roughly polygonalroughly polygonal

with clearwith clear

cytoplasm- secretecytoplasm- secretePTH /PTH /

parathormone /parathormone /

parathyroidparathyroid

hormonehormone..Oxyphil cellsOxyphil cells

Other cellsOther cells


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Adrenal glandAdrenal gland


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PancreasPancreas

Retroperitoneal, lies behind the stomach;Retroperitoneal, lies behind the stomach;~100 gm.; head, uncinate process (right~100 gm.; head, uncinate process (rightside), body, tail extending to the leftside), body, tail extending to the left

Exocrine portionExocrine portion: lobes & lobules acini;: lobes & lobules acini;comprise more than 80% of the pancreaticcomprise more than 80% of the pancreaticsubstance: round acini of pyramidal cells;substance: round acini of pyramidal cells;ducts lined by simple cuboidal epitheliumducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

Endocrine portionEndocrine portion:: islets ofislets ofLangerhans-Langerhans----- cells secretecells secrete glucagonglucagon;; cells secretecells secrete InsulinInsulin;; cells secretecells secretesomatostatinsomatostatin& VIP& VIP

C cells, EC cellsC cells, EC cells - secretesecrete serotoninserotonin && PPPPcellscells - secretesecrete ancreatic ol e tideancreatic ol e tide


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The Gonads: Ovary & TestisThe Gonads: Ovary & Testis


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TestisTestis


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The Graafian FollicleThe Graafian Follicle

OocyteOocyte

FollicularFollicular

epitheliumepithelium Granulosa cellsGranulosa cells Theca internaTheca interna Theca externaTheca externa

AntrumAntrum

Liquor folliculiLiquor folliculi

Zona pellucidaZona pellucida


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Corpus luteum & CorpusCorpus luteum & Corpus

albicansalbicans


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