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Hille 07.04.2016
2
1. Sludge washing unit
2. Algae for wastewater treatment
3. Algae experiments: main results
4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant
5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
Outline
www.limnosun.de 3
Sludgewashing unit „TW-Disposal“
Injection of primary- and activated surplus sludge
Settling primary- and activated surplus sludge
Displacement of „Sludgewater“, replacement with filtrate-/turbidwater
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Sludgewashing unit „TW-Disposal“
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• turbid- and filtratewater from anaerobic digestion is rich in nutrients
• Complex treatment in wwtp or expensive disposal neccessary
• E.g., co-treatment in biological part of wwtp
Concentration of the nutrients in the sludge fraction
Disposal of the biggest part of turbid-/filtratewater in digested
sludge
Sludge fraction enriched with nutrients:
Agricultural use + proceeding processes of nutrientrecovery
Reduction of operation costs
sustainability
Sludgewashing unit „TW-Disposal“
6
1. Sludge washing unit
2. Algae for wastewater treatment
3. Algae experiments: main results
4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant
5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
Outline
7
Algae for wastewater treatment
Uptake of:
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Carbon dioxide
Trace elements
Production of:
Oxygen
biomass
O2
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Cultivation of mass algae cultures I
Algae from natural sources
Discharged supernatant water
Fast sedimenting algae sludge
greywater
mixing sedimentation
phase of selection (approx. 3 – 4 months) by daily decantation of the clear water supernatant and thereby disposal of floating algae
Cultivation of mass algae cultures II
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Completly stirred 30 s sedimentation
1 min sedimentation
5 min sedimentation
selection culture of fast growing, effective nitrogen-assimilating and fast sedimenting algae
SVI algae sludge = 30 – 35 ml/g (municipal WWTP = 75 – 150 ml/g)
Cultivation of mass algae cultures
in photobioreactors
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• laboratory-scale • daily analyses • series of
experiments • selection of
algae • harvesting of
algae biomass
Technical data:
• Volume: 10 L • Material: Borosilicate und
PMMA • Stirring rate: 5 – 30 rpm • Record interval: 1 s – 24 h • Recorded data: pH, O2,
temperature, stirring time • temperature-controlled
aluminium plate • CO2-Inlet
Micrograph of algae
Scenedesmus Ulothrix
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Credits to: Institute for Hygiene and Environment, Hamburg
- Sporadically other genus of algae and some bacteria were found, but always disappeared after a short time
- Scenedesmus and Ulothrix are most appropriate for wastewater treatment from municipal sources – at least under the conditions given at our experiments.
Cultivation of mass algae cultures
in tube-system
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Technical data:
• Vol. tubes: 107 L • Vol. storage tank: 240 L • Vol. sedimentation tank:
562 L • Length tubes: 38 m • Material tubes: PVC • Output: max. 4 000 L/h • Flow rate: 0.07 – 0.2 m/s
• Pilot-scale • Preparation of
large-scale plants • selection of algae • harvesting of algae
biomass
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1. Sludge washing unit
2. Algae for wastewater treatment
3. Algae experiments: main results
4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant
5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
Outline
14
PBR: experiments
• supply with nutrients: daily change of ‘greywater’ (sequencing-batch-reactor-mode).
• ‘greywater’ = specific mixed water from a municipal WWTP with nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations very similar to greywater
• basis for extensive experiments to determine all relevant factors for waste water treatment • balances (nutrient intake; growing) • dry matter (DM) optimum
depending on light intensity • influence of seasons
Parameter Measurement intervall
Medium Typical concentration
Dry Matter (DM) Three times per week
Algae Solution 0.2 – 2.5 %
Organic DM (oDM) Once per week Algae Solution 55 – 65 % of DM
Ammonium (NH4-N) Daily Supernatant depending on supplied concentration
Phosphorus (PO4-P) Once per week Supernatant
Total Nitrogen Once per week Supernatant
Nitrate (NO3-N) Once per week Supernatant
Chem. Oxygen Demand (COD)
Once per week Supernatant
Oxygen Content Continuous (online) Algae Solution 6 – 60 mg/l
pH Continuous (online) Algae Solution 6.5 – 10.5
Temperature Continuous (online) Algae Solution 18 – 35 °C
Regular measured parameter in algae culture
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growing & harvesting
photosynthetic activity during the day
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Growth of biomass in the course of the year
Uptake rate of nutrients
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Adding greywater (known content of NH4
+ and PO4); mixing, taking zero probe
1 h: most of NH4+ and PO4
3-
assimilated
2.5 h: ingestion nearly completed
5 h: concentrations lower than measuring range (< 0.01 mg/l)
Absolute uptake rate of nutrients
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1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
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Uptake of nutrients in dark phase (night)
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Ideal dry matter content
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Elimination rate of influent and effluent from algae culture for E.coli
influent MPN/ml
effluent MPN/ml
Elimination rate %
4.6 0.02 99.6
0.43 0.23 47
4.3 x 102 43 90
9.3 x 103 4.3 99.95
0.15 0.004 97.93
4.6 x 104 9 99.98
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Elimination of micropollutants after 24 h
Substance group
Individual substance
WWTP effluent water [µg/l]
Blank probe [µg/l]
algae [µg/l]
Pharmaceutical substances
Lidocaine 0.117 0.112 0.102
Ibuprofen 0.062 0.052 0.012
Diclofenac 1.688 1.366 1.288
Metoprolol 2.17 2.11 1.75
Pesticides Mecoprop 0.011 0.008 0.008
DEET 0.034 0.020 0.022
Synthetic fragrances
Galaxolide-Lacton
0.797 0.867 0.264
others caffeine 0.119 0.104 0.094
Test series Biogas yield of algae [m3/t oTS]
Biogas yield of co-fermentation [m3/t oTS]
1.1 293
1.2 317
1.3 394
1.4 123
2.1 245 202
2.2 391 313
2.3 130 -
Biogas yield
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• Not a main objective, but algae are fast growing and have to be harvested regularly
• One way of using algae biomass: anaerobic fermentation • Summarised, the yield ist relatively low (and it even collapsed)
Lack of trace elements?
Inhibition?
• algae biomass can be used for biogas production.
• yield is not very high, but it is still in the range of stable manure
• fermentation residue sludge: valuable for agricultural use (enrichment with nitrogen and phosphorus; but conditions and legislations have to be regarded)
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1. Sludge washing unit
2. Algae for wastewater treatment
3. Algae experiments: main results
4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant
5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
Outline
25
• The housing estate contains of 200 inhabitants
• Three existing wastewater streams (yellowwater, greywater,
brownwater)
• Separation of yellow- and brownwater is realised through water-save
vacuum-toiletts
• Chopped organic wastes can be added to the pipe for brownwater
Detail planning nidA200-plant
requirements:
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Detail planning nidA200-plant: layout
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1. Sludge washing unit
2. Algae for wastewater treatment
3. Algae experiments: main results
4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant
5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
Outline
28
Problem:
A lot of phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances in the water
Effects:
Algal blooms
Dead (algal) biomass and anaerobic processes
Dying fish, toxic compounds in the water
Solution:
Nitrogen and phosporus has to be removed
Redevelopment and restoration of lakes
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Process: disposal of phosphorus in deep water of eutrophic lakes
and return of water without phosphorus and a high
amount of oxygen into deep water regions
Function of a algalmassculture for treating hypereutrophic deep water fractions of eutrophic lakes
AMC
Deep water with high amount of
phosphorus, e.g. 0.130 mg/l
treated deep water with P <
0.02 mg/l and O2 > 12-20 mg/l
algaebiomass
Deep water
cooling
removal
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Impulsive P-uptake
eutrophic
oligotrophic
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Cross-section
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overview Zwischenahner Meer
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nidA200 Innovative wastewater treatment: Sustainable, innovative and
decentralized wastewater treatment systems, including co-treatment
of organic waste based on alternative sanitary concepts
Sponsored by Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Project partners: