Higher education of ocean Higher education of ocean science in Chinascience in China

Wensheng JiangWensheng JiangOcean University of ChinaOcean University of China

COSEE-China Planning Workshop

March 8-9, 2010, Beijing, China

Outline:Outline:

• Brief history Brief history

• Framework of majors and disciplinesFramework of majors and disciplines

• Curriculum provision Curriculum provision

• Present statusPresent status

• SummarySummary

1. Brief History1. Brief History• Early stageEarly stage

6 Naval Schools (from 1866) in Qing dynasty6 Naval Schools (from 1866) in Qing dynasty

‘‘ABC of Oceanography’ 1929 ABC of Oceanography’ 1929 by Prof. Yiya Wangby Prof. Yiya Wang

Summer school held in Xiamen University in 1920s.Summer school held in Xiamen University in 1920s.

Course of ocean science taught in Qingdao University in Course of ocean science taught in Qingdao University in 1932.1932.

• Ocean science as a major Ocean science as a major

Department of Oceanography Xiamen University

Institute of Institute of OceanographyOceanographyShandong Shandong UniversityUniversity

1946

1952

1959

1970

1975

Department of Department of OceanographyOceanographyShandong Shandong UniversityUniversity

Oceanography education

Xiamen University

Department of Oceanography Xiamen University

Shandong College Shandong College of Oceanographyof Oceanography

Department of MarDepartment of Marine Geology and Geine Geology and Geophysics ophysics Tongji UniversityTongji University

• Rapid development eraRapid development era

After late 1990s, because of the economic After late 1990s, because of the economic progress, ocean related high education progress, ocean related high education developed very rapidly in China.developed very rapidly in China.

More than 40 institutions provide degree More than 40 institutions provide degree programs in oceanography.programs in oceanography.

Most of them are in coastal cities.Most of them are in coastal cities.

2. Framework of majors and 2. Framework of majors and disciplinesdisciplines

• Lists of disciplines issued by academic Lists of disciplines issued by academic degree office of the State Councildegree office of the State Council

0707 ocean science0707 ocean science

070701 physical oceanography070701 physical oceanography

070702 marine chemistry070702 marine chemistry

070703 marine biology070703 marine biology

070704 marine geology 070704 marine geology

• List of majors approved by MOEList of majors approved by MOE0710 Marine Science0710 Marine Science 071001 marine science 071001 marine science 071002 marine technology 071002 marine technology 071003W marine management071003W marine management 071004W military oceanography071004W military oceanography 071005S marine biological resources and envi071005S marine biological resources and envi

ronmentronment

3. Curriculum provision3. Curriculum provision

• An example for bachelor degree program in ocean scienceAn example for bachelor degree program in ocean science

common basic coursescommon basic courses （（ 5858 ）） : : Moral lessons, Foreign language, computer, PE, art.Moral lessons, Foreign language, computer, PE, art.common courses for marine sciences majorcommon courses for marine sciences major （（ 4242 ～～ 4444 ）） :: Introduction of Oceanography, marine investigation, advanced mIntroduction of Oceanography, marine investigation, advanced m

athematics, college physics, college chemistry, introduction to mathematics, college physics, college chemistry, introduction to marine biology, introduction to marine geology, introduction to marine biology, introduction to marine geology, introduction to marine ecosystem, introduction to marine management.arine ecosystem, introduction to marine management.

compulsory courses for different branches compulsory courses for different branches （（ 22 22 ～ ～ 2626 ）） :: method of mathematical physics, fluid dynamics, physical oceanomethod of mathematical physics, fluid dynamics, physical oceano

graphy, marine meteorology, analysis and forecast of marine varigraphy, marine meteorology, analysis and forecast of marine variables ables

optional courses(12): optional courses(12): Other courses for practise(12):Other courses for practise(12):

理论

现场观测数值实验

practise

theory

Physicalmodelling

Fieldobservation

Numericalexperiment

4. Present status4. Present status

More than 30 universities provide bachelor More than 30 universities provide bachelor degree programs in oceanography.degree programs in oceanography.

Four institutions provide doctoral programs Four institutions provide doctoral programs in all sub-disciplines under ocean in all sub-disciplines under ocean sciences, they are OUC, XMU, IOCAS and sciences, they are OUC, XMU, IOCAS and TJU.TJU.

Seven institutions provide doctoral programs Seven institutions provide doctoral programs in some sub-disciplines.in some sub-disciplines.

Totally 25 doctoral programs.Totally 25 doctoral programs.51 master degree programs.51 master degree programs.

• Students enrollmentStudents enrollment Undergraduate students about Undergraduate students about

2000/yr2000/yr Master degree students about 400/yrMaster degree students about 400/yr Ph. D. candidates about 150/yrPh. D. candidates about 150/yr • Job opportunity:Job opportunity: Government: SOA, etc.Government: SOA, etc. Research and education: Research and education: Company:Company: Other:Other:

5. Summary5. Summary

• Higher education of ocean sciences in Higher education of ocean sciences in China is booming, but the scope is still China is booming, but the scope is still limited. Yet there is mismatch between limited. Yet there is mismatch between the students and positions available.the students and positions available.

• Orientation is important for every Orientation is important for every university and the quality of ocean university and the quality of ocean sciences education should be further sciences education should be further improved.improved.