High speed airfoil ship AShiplane.pdf

8/11/2019 High speed airfoil ship AShiplane.pdf

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S. Pat. 201431170

Author:

Antonio SnchezMlaga. Espaa

[email protected]

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State of the art.

This invention relates to a WI !oat t"pe# li$te% on &ater an% air# an% propelle% on &ater#

a!le to ta'e o$$ &ater# $l" an% propels over it at short %istance using groun% e$$ect.

In conventional high(spee% marine transportation# the !oat li$ts an% propels !oth on &ater.

The su!merge% area o$ the !oat moves $or&ar% an% %isplaces large masses o$ li)ui%# thatslo& the !oat# an% &aste% energ". The h"%ro%"namic %rag increases %ramaticall" &ith

spee%. This increases $uel consumption proportionall". With !a% &eather or strong &aves

e$$icienc" an% spee% %ecreases %ramaticall"# i$ not prevent its operation. When

transporting people# &aves# !esi%es slo&ing %o&n# causes %iscom$ort to passengers. To

avoi% these %ra&!ac's# there are currentl" $l"ers !oats that use the groun% e$$ect on its

movement on &ater# e'ranoplan t"pe or WI *Wing In roun% e$$ect+.

Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok WIG SH-5

The groun% e$$ect occurs &hen a cra$t $lies over a $lat sur$ace to a height appro,imatel"

e)ual to its &ing span. Then in%uce% %rag %ecreases an% li$t increases# !oth %rasticall". Inturn# the circulating air !et&een the &ing an% the sur$ace is compresse% *%"namic cushion

e$$ect+# increasing the pressure %i$$erence !et&een the top sur$ace an% the !ottom sur$ace

o$ the &ing# &hich come to cause a $urther li$t increase.

Technical discussion

-urrentl"# all WI ships have air propulsion using propellers or tur!ines. These ships

have %i$$erent %ra&!ac's $or using aircra$t con$iguration# &ith large &ing span an%

c"lin%rical $uselage. This con$iguration %oes not ma,imize the sur$ace $acing the &ater

an% there$ore the groun% e$$ect# an% $urthermore &oul% have little cargo space. The

&ingtips pose a signi$icant ris' i$ the" impact &ith the &ater at high spee%. Another

critical challenge is its poor maneuvera!ilit". In $light at cruise spee% can not !e ma%esharp turns as the &ingtip &oul% impact the &ater &hile li$t is lost. This $orces to have

much $oresight in navigation# since it is not possi!le to a!ruptl" change course or slo&

%o&n to avoi% hitting a $loating o!ect. In &ater# maneuvera!ilit" is also poor# !ecause it is

%one &ith the &ing control sur$aces an% var"ing engine po&er. The aerial propulsion

prevents them $rom ma'ing )uic' accelerations an% %ecelerations# this is another ris' in its

operation insi%e or outsi%e ports. The %isplace% &ater# !esi%es hin%ering ta'eo$$#

generating a &ave $ront. In%ee%# to ta'e o$$ these ships must !e availa!le engine po&er

several times higher than nee%e% $or its operation in $light. /ecause o$ this %ra&!ac'# is

nee%e% install heavier engines $or a%%itional po&er that increases $uel consumption. The

onl" air propulsion is not a%e)uate to achieve an% maintain high spee%s $loating on the

&ater to get the ta'eo$$ spee%. This ma" !e one o$ the main pro!lems the" have# an% can

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!e solve% &ith the strong response o$ a)uatic propulsion 23s propose% here. Another

important limitation o$ this t"pe o$ ship is their ina!ilit" to travel over &ater &ith strong

&aves# !eing restricte% to )uieter &aters. I$ $or an" reason lose li$t or splash%o&n on &ater

&ith some &aves# not onl" coul% not ta'e o$$ again# !ut enter into %angerous situation. In

some ships o$ this t"pe &ith onl" aerial li$t an% poor %esign have !een pro!lems &ith its

longitu%inal sta!ilit"# $l"ing over rough seas# !" stalling an% $ailure to recover onl" its

aerial propellers or tur!ines.

4o&ever the &ater is much %enser than air an% there$ore propulsion on it is much more

e$$icient using the correct techni)ue. The WI cra$t moving over the !o%" o$ &ater a short

%istance at all times# so it is possi!le to have a more e$$icient propulsion on it# that also

provi%e %irect li$t. This is onl" possi!le &ith a%e)uate technical %esign that onl" maintains

su!merge% the propeller part# since moving sur$aces in contact &ith &ater# inclu%ing

h"%ro%"namicall" shape%# represent the main !arrier to have e$$icient high spee%. Even

the air near the &ater sur$ace is %ense an% $ull o$ moisture# so that the !oat %esign shoul%

minimize the e,ternal sur$aces.

4igh spee% !oats.

To%a" it is evi%ent that the $uture o$ marine vessels# !oth civilian an% militar"# goes to the

%evelopment o$ e$$icient high(spee% !oats. -urrentl" there are catamaran(t"pe that

%evelop spee%s o$ 56 'nots &ith conventional %iesel engines. -urrent shipping re)uires

$aster !oats that can operate in shallo& &ater &ith $ull capacit" an% sa$et". With this !oat

ma" !e possi!le to $l" sa$el" at cruising spee%s aroun% 56(76 'nots &ith a conventional

engine an% an e$$icienc" $ar superior to an" other maritime light transport. The !oat

e$$icienc" &oul% $urther improve !" coating the upper sur$ace o$ the $uselage &ithintegrate% solar cells# to unloa% the engine %uring navigation %a"time. With the

con$iguration o$ 8igure 9# the !oat# measuring o$ 57#5m. length , 0.0m. &i%e an% 0.0m.

strut coul% carr" more than 1#066 passengers com$orta!l" an% sa$el".

With this invention# the %esign o$ these ships is compacte% to ma,imize li$t $or groun%

e$$ect# sa$et" an% use$ul space# 'eeping the aerial %isplacement &ith its a%vantages# an%

onl" %ipping the propeller to improve e$$icienc"# li$t an% maneuvera!ilit". With &ater

propulsion# the !oat have $ast accurate an% po&er$ul acceleration# %eceleration an% $orce%

li$t in rough &ater. So ta'e o$$# splash%o&n# !ra'ing an% %irection changes can !e

energetic an% &ell controlle%. The ta'eo$$ ma" !e possi!le in a $e& secon%s# an% at spee%s

aroun% ;6 'nots. This ena!les the !oat to operate sa$et" at high spee% in har!ors# rivers or


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estuaries# an% ta'e o$$ or splash%o&n &ithin sheltere% &aters $or passenger sa$et" an%

com$ort. The longitu%inal sta!ilit" is ensure% to !e controlle% in coor%inate% actuation !"

the tail plane an% tilt o$ propeller mo!ile arm. The engine t"pe is not critical# to ta'e

a%vantage o$ cheaper conventional $uels. Weight an% engine t"pe is not a pro!lem. /eing

a!le to var" %istance an% angle o$ propeller thrust &ith respect to the $uselage# the cra$t

can $l" levele% at all times# even on &aters &ith strong &aves. =pper sur$ace o$ the

$uselage provi%es a nearl" $lat sur$ace# ma,imize% in relation to the total size# &hich can!e coate% &ith electric solar panels integrate% into the ma'e coat# to provi%e an au,iliar"

energ" to get a !oat e,tremel" e$$icient. Another important a%vantage o$ this t"pe o$ !oat

is given !" a compact $orm an% lo& prop# &hich gives goo% $eatures >stealth> as a vehicle

$or %e$ense. With an onl" level# access to all parts $or repair or con$iguration changes is

greatl" $acilitate%.

AShiplane. /o& vie&

High speed airfoil ship

This invention is characterize% !" !eing a !oat !uilt as a light&eight aircra$t structure#&ith high %ensit" aluminium# or even !etter car!on $i!er# $orme% as a fuselage (1)&ing(

shape% air$oil# arche% $or&ar%# an% $lattene% at the a$t. This $uselage is completel" seale%

%uring navigation. /oth ca!in ventilation as the engine inta'e is per$orme% on %ucts

having his mouth in the tail assem!l". Each si%e o$ the $uselage is e,ten%e% at its lo&er

part on a float (2)o$ &ing vertical pro$ile. These t&o $loats sta!ilize the path o$ the !oat in

the %irection o$ travel# giving !uo"anc"# an% also have the $unction o$ increasing the

groun% e$$ect# to contain air $lo&ing !et&een the &ater sur$ace an% the un%ersi%e o$ the

$uselage &hen the !oat $lies. The con$ormation o$ the $or&ar% $uselage is tilte% up&ar%s to

increase an% raise the &ing lea%ing e%ge# !eing in $light &ill create a%%itional pressure an%

%epression to its un%ersi%e an% top respectivel". 2ver &ater# the high !o& avoi%s contact

&ith this an% $acilitates the ta'eo$$ an% splash%o&n. Another $unction o$ this con$iguration

is to increase the $or&ar% visi!ilit" o$ the pilot# !eing locate% cockpit (3)at the $ront en%

o$ the !o&. The un%ersi%e o$ the $uselage near the stern is li$te% at an angle an% e,ten%s

verticall" %o&n&ar%s in a pluralit" o$ longitudinal floats (4)# the" also have the $unction

o$ acting as h"%ro%"namic sta!ilizers an% mattress in ta'eo$$ an% splash%o&n.

The $uselage is e,ten%e% in the central part o$ the stern in a queue (5)hol%ing the elevator

()locate% in the upper position. This is %ivi%e% into t&o s"mmetrical coa,ial halves &ith

separate action# $or the $ull sta!ilization o$ the !oat in motion at high spee%# var"ing the

vertical an% horizontal inclination# to $acilitate navigation levele%# splash%o&n an%

ta'eo$$s.

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8or energizing the propeller# this !oat $eatures a generator (!)&ith its do"e cooling (#).

This %ome is the heat e,changer an% engine e,haust valve protecte%. As in an aircra$t# the

&eight %istri!ution is critical in this !oat. The &eight shoul% !e limite% an% %istri!ute% to

ta'e $light an% allo& the proper operation o$ the control mechanisms. The generator

occupies the center o$ the $uselage# a !it a$t %ela"e%. In this position# an% !ecause o$ its

high &eight relative to the rest o$ the $uselage ma'es the center o$ gravit" o$ the !oat is

also %ela"e%. The fuel tanks ($)occup" the central !ase o$ the $uselage# !eing %ivi%e%into a pluralit" o$ receptacles that prevent movement o$ the $uel &hen the $uselage is

tilte%# an% there$ore to !e altere% !ecause o$ this the center o$ gravit" o$ the !oat.

The "o%ile ar" of propeller (1&) is positione% longitu%inall" un%er the $uselage an%

having h"%ro%"namic pro$ile. This arm is hinge% at its upper en% supporting the sha$t at a

point slightl" ahea% o$ the $uselage relative to the center o$ gravit". This a,is rotates to !e

per$orme% up to


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peration.

This invention is per$orme% as %escri!e% !elo&:

EST. In *igure 1the !oat is at rest# &ith its mo!ile arm retracte% to the highest positionan% the elevator in neutral position.

A--EBEATI2C. In *igure 5 the !oat starts ta'eo$$ on the &ater at mo%erate spee%.

The elevator is still in neutral an% the mo!ile arm propeller is rotate% ; %egrees %o&n. The

propellers are acting an% the propellant is pushing the !oat $or&ar% an% up&ar%# li$ting the

$ront hal$ an% separating it $rom the &ater. =n%er these con%itions# air enters the un%er

!o& at mo%erate spee%# pushing up the !ase o$ the !oat# an% &hile %ecreasing the sur$ace

in &ater contact# increases the spee% o$ the !oat.

TADE288 AC3 8BI4T. In *igure the !oat has alrea%" accelerate% enough to allo&

unstuc' completel" o$ &ater. The propeller has increase% its thrust an% the !oat is

traveling at high spee%. To ta'e o$$ the !ac' hal$ o$ the !oat# the rear elevators has turne%

%o&n 1; %egrees on its sha$t an% no& cuts the air that passes through it# that push up#

li$ting the rear hal$ o$ the !oat. When the !oat ta'es o$$ &ater# %ramaticall" re%uces %rag#

accelerates its spee% an% simultaneousl" increases the transmitte% aerial li$t on the !oat

!asis $or the groun% e$$ect. Then# the elevator is actuate% to level the cra$t a!out its

vertical an% horizontal a,is# !ase% on the &in%s con%itions.

8BIC WIT4 2=4 SEA. In *igures !a and !%the !oat level is set to $l" at high

spee% on &ater in rough sea con%itions. The mo!ile arm thruster is turne% %o&n to 06

%egrees an% 'eep propeller su!merge% at all times &hile the !oat remains high an% out o$

touch &ith the &aves. In turn# the elevator an% the vertical sha$t o$ propeller actuates

continuousl" to 'eep the !oat li$te%# levele% an% separate o$ the &aves. When the sur$ is

e,tremel" strong an% the &ave length allo&s# or &ill# the !oat can !e governe% &ith the

elevators# $l"ing stic'ing to the sur$ace o$ the &ave# 'eeping this %istance up automaticall"

or manuall"

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High speed airfoil ship AShiplane.pdf