High Performance Workshop/Charrette

Energy Session 5

Goals

Engineer whole-building systems that effectively integrate passive solar and efficiency strategies to optimize energy consumption such that minimal renewable energy sources can exceed remaining needs.

BenefitsProvide Enhanced ComfortEnergy efficiency and

effectiveness ... reduces operating costs frequently enhances productivity may be healthier reduces environmental pollutants

Use of renewables ... reduces pollutants reduces depletion of finite resources

What is “Cost-Effective”?

Is economicalIs economicalProvides operational reliability and power Provides operational reliability and power

stabilitystabilityGives higher user satisfaction and lower HR Gives higher user satisfaction and lower HR

costscostsReduces environmental impactReduces environmental impactIntegrates the energy efficiency and Integrates the energy efficiency and

architecturearchitecture

Key Principles

Develop appropriate building siting, orientation, size

Use appropriate building envelope strategies Use energy efficient lighting, appliances,

equipment Optimize mechanical systems Use renewable/alternative systems Integrate all decisions Use an iterative design integration process Educate building users/facility managers Monitor energy performance

Building Siting, Orientation, Size

Integrate landscaping into energy strategies

Orient building to optimize solar and wind

Build smallest building that will meet needs

Use Appropriate Building Envelope Strategies

Glazing/windows, placement and size

InsulationRoofing designSun control/shading devicesEffective daylighting

through building geometry, glazing strategies, daylight control, and surfaces

Glazing Considerations

ClimateApplicationOrientationTechnology

Heat TransferSolar Heat

GainsDaylight

TransmittanceVisual

ReflectivityUV

Transmittance

Insulation for the Walls and Roof

Structural Insulated Panel

Use Energy Efficient Lighting and Appliances, Equipment

Occupancy sensors and energy efficient lighting controls

Efficient luminairesEfficient appliancesEfficient pumps and

motorsDaylighting

Daylit Buildings

Enhanced Visual Quality

Connection to Nature

Reduced Energy Cost

Reduced HVACEnvironmental

Impact

Daylight Design Considerations

Sources Windows Overhead

Form Givers Daylight

Control Form Glazing Surfaces

Electric Light

Savings From Daylighting

Energy Reduction: kBtu/sq

ft/year Pollution

Avoided: tons/

yearMoney

Saved: $k/year

Pollution Avoided

7200

7300

7400

7500

7600

7700

Best Practice

Tons

/20 y

ears

CO2 SO2 NOX

Optimize Mechanical Systems

“Right size” HVAC systemsConsider part-load

performanceShift or shave electric

loads during peak demand periods

Plan for expansion, but don’t size for it

Commission the HVAC system

Establish an O&M program

Use Renewable/Natural Systems

Passive solar heatingActive solar water

heatingBuilding integrated

photovoltaicsNatural ventilationEvaporative coolingBuilding mass for

naturalheating and cooling

Integrate Decisions

Consider synergistic effects of decisions increase efficiency/reduce

energy demand consider renewables and

alternative sources select HVAC systems

Use an iterative process that revisits previous decisions

Educate Building Users and Facility Managers

Place signs to encourage efficient energy use

Place educational exhibits on energy efficiency in public areas

Conduct workshops for families and employees on energy use and efficiency

Monitor and Benchmark Energy Performance

Install individual facility metersDocument energy savings

NREL Solar Energy Research NREL Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF)Facility (SERF)

Lighting8.9%

Cooling17.5%

Hot Water

HVAC25.2%

Heating48.1%

Cooling2.2%

Savings44.6%

Hot Water0.1%

Lighting3.0%

Heating29.6%

HVAC20.5%

SERF: 45% Energy Cost Savings

10CFR435 Code Building ($405,000/year)

SERF Actual Calibrated ($224,300/year)* excludes plug loads* excludes plug loads

SERF Energy Features

Direct/indirect evaporative cooling Heat recovery Trombe wall for Shipping and Receiving Variable frequency and high-efficiency motors Daylighting in offices T-8 lighting on motion/

daylight controls Highly reflective

surfaces

LEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere Total Available Credits: 17 (P) Fundamental Building Systems

Commissioning (P) Minimum Energy Performance (P) CFC Reduction in HVAC & R

Equipment

Optimize Energy Performance

New Existing PointsBldgs Bldgs

20% 10% 2

30% 20% 4

40% 30% 6

50% 40% 8

60% 50% 10

LEEDTM Energy & AtmosphereLEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere

2-10

LEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere

Renewable Energy

5% (1)10% (2)20% (3)

Best Practice CommissioningElimination of HCFC’s and

HalonsMeasurement and Verification Green Power

1-3

1

1

1

1