HIEDANRANTA BRAINSTORMING Workshop

BUSINESSES | UUSI KAUPUNKI COLLECTIVE | CITY OF TAMPERE | KUOWI OY

This report clarifies the background of the Hiedanranta brainstorming workshop. The aim of the workshop was to identify the key goals for busi-nesses indeveloping and implement-ing the Hiedanranta project.

In addition to introducing the back-ground of the Uusi Kaupunki Col-lective’s work tasks, the report ad-dresses problems and needs that the participants brought up during the workshops.

The report presents the needs of the business sector through customer profiles, which together form the starting points of businesses for plan-ning the future of Hiedanranta.

Representatives of the business and industrial sector were invited to the Hiedanranta brainstorming workshop. They included construc-tion firms and companies that

represent the themes of the brain-storming workshop. The discussion was led by the Uusi Kaupunki archi-tectural collective, and the aim was to create a vision of what

• work• production• trade and services• innovation activities

will look like in Hiedanranta in the future.

The Hiedanranta brainstorming workshop lasted two days. On both days the participants spent several hours at the Lielahti Manor House discussing the environments re-quired by the new work forms and business activities. Each team was led by two architects, who were responsible for the discussion around their theme and for creat-ing from the discussion a develop-ment scenario for that theme.

IntroductionAfter the daily workshops, the ar-chitecture teams withdrew to work on the development scenarios. The teams produced four separate development scenarios for busi-ness operations and functions in Hiedanranta.

The Figures of the report have been compiled based on the clar-ifying reports of Uusi Kaupunki architectural collective and on the workshop results. The texts were compiled by Inari Virkkala and the figures illustrating the results of the working were compiled by Kuowi.

1. The nature of work has changed, but the premises do not currently serve the new forms of work. Work and activities at Hiedanranta must be planned so as to facilitate modern working life.

2. Premises and areas help businesses to attract the best professionals. The area must be planned so as to make working locations genuinely interesting and attractive.

3. Small-scale production that is especially compatible with housing is an interesting option. The area must be made as interesting as possible, and functional from the point of view of small-scale producers. Ecological aspects must be taken into account in the planning solutions to the extent possible, and attention should also be paid to sustainability.

4. Flexibility of the premises and of the area is the main challenge for the trade and service sectors. Because the future needs of the trade and service sectors are unknown, planning solutions must be able to adapt to changing needs over time.

5. One of the main challenges for innovative operators is to attract professionals to a city with a bleak winter and quite a high cost of living. In the design competition, environments for innovative people must be created that are economical and enhance the quality of life.

The starting points of businesses for the design competition

ParticipantsAKI HYRKKÖNENRakennusliike Aki Hyrkkönen Oy

ANTTI MARTTILAHartela

ARI-PEKKA LEHTONENSponda Plc

HENRI HUHDANPÄÄT2H Rakennus Oy

INKERI RUUSKANENSopimusvuori

JANNE KIVIMÄKILemminkäinen Talo Oy

JARI ALANENKesko Corporation

JUSSI HAAVISTOLeike Oy

JUSSI TANHUANPÄÄFinnpark

MAARIT TOVERIAVAIN Asumisoikeus OY/AVAIN Yhtiöt

MARI TAKALAAsuntosäätiö sr

MATTI MASTOSALOHelamaa & Heiskanen

OLLI RUUSUMAAVRP Länsi-Suomi Oy

OLLI JUUTILAPinguino Surfboards

OLLI SOPPELATAMK

PAULI HAKALAPinguino Surfboards

PETRI SUUTARINENKeva

PETRI TUOMINENHT talot

TIMO KOSKINENTampereen Vuokratalosäätiö

TIMO NEUVONENMKN-urakointi

TOMMI TERHOPirkanmaan Osuuskauppa

TUOMO TURKKINENJatke Oy

AHTO AUNELAVTS

ALEKSI HUHDANPÄÄT2H Rakennus Oy

ANTTI RUUSKAVTT Tecnical Research Centre of Finland

ARI SAARINENElisa Corporation

ARTO PAJUNENVVO Group Plc

EIJA HELINVTS

ELLA PIHLAINENArkta Rakennuttajat Oy

HANNA MARTTILANCC Housing Ltd, Inner Finland

HANNA SAARIOLielahtikeskus shopping centre

HANNU RIDELLNewsec

JANNE MÄKELÄNewsec

JOONAS PELTOKORPIRakennuskartio

KATARIINA PAUNULidl

MIIMU AIRAKSINENVTT Tecnical Research Centre of Finland

MIKKO AHONKIVIAjomesta Oy

PASI MÄKINENPirkanmaan Yrittäjät ry

PEKKA HARSTILANCC Construction Ltd

PETRI ROININENInvestors House Oyj

SATU ESKELINENTechnopolis

SUVI NENONENNewsec

TONI TUOMOLASkanska

TYTTI SIROLAGsp-group

VILLE RAJAKALLIOSATO-Rakennuttajat Oy

TARU HURMETampereen kaupunki

TIMO ANTIKAINENTampereen kaupunki

KARI KANKAALATampereen kaupunki

REIJO VÄLIHARJUTampereen kaupunki

REINO PULKKINENTampereen kaupunki

Jobs

This is how the Figures should be interpreted.Niilo Ikonen and Pauli Siponen from Avarrus Arkkitehdit Oy led the discussion on the work and working premises of the future. The location of jobs in Hiedanranta in the future will be facilitated by a flexible city structure that adapts to the changing needs and offers excellent condi-tions for small- and large-scale businesses. Work will also be done in floating office ships by the urban shore. Hiedanranta can also be developed as a significant working location combining businesses, housing services, a traffic hub, and innovations with housing and a good life.

Gain Creators

Pain Relievers

Products& Services

The Value Proposition Canvas

Value (Proposition) Map: Hiedanranta for businesses / jobs

The makers of Business Model Generation and StrategyzerCopyright Business Model Foundry AG

Pains

Gains

CustomerJob(s)

Customer (Segment) Profile: employee and employer (a person)

strategyzer.com

Keeping up with the major developments in one’s own �eld

Synergy through the close-ness of others in the same �eld

A vibrant local environment

To attract employees

Creates new ideas

Good image

Can o�er employees a pleasing working environment

Long commuting distances

Working alone at home is ine�cient and stressful

Lack of su�cient services near workplaces

Enabling interaction between people working in the creative �elds

Old premises are interesting, unique, and inspiring

Lake views

An attractive working envi-ronment

Attractive architecture

The proximity of other local leading experts in the same �eld

O�ering working opportuni-ties that are not tied to a location, i.e. distance working

”Local jobs”

A cluster of top-class exper-tise

Reference group sets the daily rhythm

Reduced commuting distance and time

No need to leave the area every day

Hyötyä, iloa tuottavat asiatOdotusten lunastajat

Uhrausten pienentäjätOngelmia tai harmeja vähentävät asiat

Alue ja sen tarjoamat ratkaisut ja palvelut

Hiedanranta yrityksille / työn ja toiminnallisuuden synnyttäminen HiedanrantaanAsiakasprofiili: työntekijä ja työnantaja (henkilö)

UhrauksetOngelmatHarmit

HyödytIlon aiheetOdotukset

Henkilön työt,asiat, jotka hän koittaa saada tyhdyiksi.

Tällä puolella ovat

yritysten tarpeet j

a

odotukset suunnitte

lulle katsottuina

henkilön näkökul

masta.

Tällä puolella ovat ideat ja ehdotukset suun-nitteluun, jotka ovat henkilön kohderyhmää kiinnostavia.

WHY ARE WORKPLACES STILL IMPORT-ANT CENTRES OF INTERACTION? WHY DOES WORKPLACE INTERACTION CON-TINUE TO BE IMPORTANT, EVEN THOUGH WORK IS INCREASINGLY INDEPENDENT OF ANY PARTICULAR PLACE? The workgroup mentioned surveys that show that working alone at home is inefficient and stressful. Workers need a reference group around them to provide their working day with a discernible rhythm; this has been found to be important even if the group does different tasks from the worker in question. In addition, in the creative fields, meeting with others facili-tates the development of ideas in genuine interaction.

WHAT DID PARTICIPANTS THINK ABOUT THE GENERATION OF JOB CLUSTERS AROUND THE EXPERTISE OF UNIVERSI-TIES? WHAT PROBLEMS DO COMPANIES SOLVE BY LOCATING NEAR UNIVERSITIES?According to the representative of a company that sells premises and services to companies, companies seek locations near universities because of synergy benefits in re-search, product development, and education. In other words, compa-nies keep abreast of the top exper-

tise in their own field, and also ben-efit from the proximity of others in the same sector.

WHY MUST WORK-RELATED LOCATIONS BE COMBINED WITH HOUSING? WHAT SACRIFICES WOULD BECOME REDUN-DANT IF HOUSING AND WORK WERE LOCATED NEAR EACH OTHER?According to the participants, most office work will in future be com-pleted outside offices. Plenty of people already do distance working some of the time but the concept of a combined working and living location has not fully developed as yet.

The group discussed “local work-places”, i.e. workplaces that are located near the home instead of at home. Enabling work near the home improves quality of life by reducing commuting distances, leaving more time for leisure time activities and family and friends. If the company’s office is far away, it is good if workers can work near home on some days. Consequently, the participants found it even more important than good connections that one would not have to leave the area every day. This kind of lo-cal strength distinguishes a centre from a suburb.

WHY WOULD A COMPANY WANT PREM-ISES AT A PREMIUM SHORELINE LOCA-TION? The participants agreed that jobs can be drawn to an area by making the working environment especially attractive. They felt that not only housing but also workplaces should be allowed in the best locations, which are by the shore. This would make the area stand out from other working areas. Some partici-pants also expressed a wish that a city structure that combines hous-ing and jobs would remain small in scale, with relatively low building heights for added pleasantness.

WHY ARE SEPARATE STREET-LEVEL BUSI-NESS PREMISES NO LONGER WANTED?According to the housing building constructors, street-level business premises are often unused or are mainly used as bicycle storages of housing companies, and as such do little to fulfil the original goal of en-livening the street space. Construc-tors hoped that on the street level, there would be dwellings with a separate entrance from the street. The participants agreed that com-panies would rather seek premises in functional clusters or otherwise visibly busier locations within the city structure than street-level busi-

ness premises of housing compa-nies that are scattered throughout the area. According to the partici-pants, flexibility is the most impor-tant consideration in defining the function of the premises. Construc-tion of business premises, working premises, and housing should be based on need. The structures of the buildings should also be mod-ifiable to allow for changes in their function based on demand.

WHY DO THE PARTICIPANTS CONSIDER THE OLD FACTORIES TO BE AN ATTRAC-TION FOR JOBS?When new functions were consid-ered for the old factories, the group proposed that a working and ser-vice cluster be located in the prem-ises. The premises were considered attractive due to their industrial at-mosphere and diversity. The large halls are well suited to various uses, and in general, historical buildings offer a unique and inspiring setting for stores, services, and workplac-es.

WHAT KIND OF SERVICES WOULD THE WORKPLACES NEED?According to the participants, com-panies will need diverse support functions such as premises for a wide range of uses, office support

services, maintenance and cater-ing services, and various other sub-contractors and partners. Employees will need commercial services in the surrounding area, including restaurants and hair-dressers. According to the partici-pants, the lack of white-collar jobs has been shown to reduce the diversity of an urban environment; one Finnish example of this is Vu-osaari in Helsinki.

WHY DO THE PARTICIPANTS FIND FLOAT-ING PREMISES ATTRACTIVE?The topics discussed during the workshop included flexibility of premises and their use, the lake landscape as an attraction, and the ability to attract companies through strik-ing and unique archi-tecture. If a centre of expertise in a future growth field was to be established in the area, a unique built environment would promote its image. Float-ing structures would be one way to realise these ideas.

Production

Heikki Riitahuhta and Tiia Anttila from Studio Puisto stud-ied the opportunities for industrial production in the area. Future production in Hiedanranta must serve the area and its surroundings. The area needs both small-scale production and craftspeople, and innovative energy and food production solutions. According to Tiia Anttila, the youngest member of the col-lective, Hiedanranta could perhaps become a pilot brain-storming workshop in vertical farming and at the same time a platform of e.g. material technological innovations.

Gain Creators

Pain Relievers

Products& Services

The Value Proposition Canvas

Value (Proposition) Map: Hiedanranta for businesses / production

The makers of Business Model Generation and StrategyzerCopyright Business Model Foundry AG

Pains

Gains

CustomerJob(s)

Customer (Segment) Profile: small-scale producers

strategyzer.com

Turning a hobby or passion into a profession

Unique old buildings

Old buildings used for production

An interesting image

A sustainable and ecologically important area Economical level of rent

Local residents are prospec-tive and nearby customers

Unique old buildings add meaning to the operations

The logistical requirements of the production

The infrastructural require-ments of the production

Doing production work in a densely populated area

Small-scale production linked to housing

Can be implemented in a compact city structure

WHY DO SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION AND CRAFTSMANSHIP REQUIRE COMMUNALI-TY? WHAT PROBLEMS DOES COMMUNAL-ITY SOLVE?

This means work that has its origins in leisure time activities such as in the case of Pinguino Surfboards. Leisure time activities are social in nature, and the same feeling is sought in working life. Also, the unemployed or those who work elsewhere are welcome in the com-munity.

While the main focus is on the pas-sion for the activity rather than on working, this can still enable some members of the community to find meaningful employment.

WHY DO THE PARTICIPANTS FIND THE IDEA OF DIMENSIONING PRODUCTION BASED ON COMMUNITY NEED ATTRAC-TIVE?Production was considered impor-tant because of the jobs it would create. The participants also dis-cussed the existing expertise clus-ters in Tampere and the possible speciality areas in Hiedanranta. Production also improves the im-age of the area.

WHY DID THE PARTICIPANTS PREFER THE USE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS TO NEW CONSTRUCTION?Although new construction was not considered less attractive than the use of the existing buildings, the latter are and will continue to be a key factor in the uniqueness of the area. Old buildings are also rich in history.

WHY ARE CIRCULAR ECONOMY SOLU-TIONS NOT YET USED IN PRODUCTION, AND WHY DID THE PARTICIPANTS CON-SIDER THEM IMPORTANT?Current regulations do not en-courage long-term thinking. The participants heavily emphasised sustainability and ecology over a circular economy. The latter was mentioned, for example, in connec-tion with the repurposing of build-ings or recycling their materials. Various ideas were presented for the recycling of waste fibre.

ARE THERE ANY BUSINESSES IN FIN-LAND THAT WOULD BENEFIT FROM THE OPPORTUNITIES PROVIDED BY VERTICAL FARMING?If nothing else, there has been a surge of interest in the possibility.

Improving the efficiency of food production is a global challenge. There is no reason why food could not be produced in Finland as well as elsewhere. Vertical farming can be implemented using 95% less water than field farming: Finnish waterways may in the future be-come an increasingly important re-source, and vertical farming would contribute to maintaining their cleanliness.

In an interview in the newspaper Kauppalehti, the Aerofarms compa-ny expressed its interest in Finland. Farming of plants for medicinal use is one potential production sector. Moreover, people are increasingly interested in the origin of the food they eat, and this strongly favours locally grown food.

WHY DO THE PARTICIPANTS THINK HOUS-ING SHOULD BE COMBINED WITH WORK-ING AND LEISURE TIME LOCATIONS?There was disagreement on this point. The main themes addressed included the logistics and infra-structure required by production. The participants agreed that these need to be well organised, and that housing and construction in gener-al could restrict industrial produc-tion. The conclusion was that when production is combined with hous-

ing, it should be highly labour-in-tensive or directly benefit the local residents in some other way.

WHY DID THE PARTICIPANTS PREFER SMALL-SCALE PRODUCERS TO LARGER UNITS?The participants believed small-scale producers to be more compatible with housing. Vertical farming would also be a relatively small-scale form of production in terms of labour-intensity. Examples of more large-scale production that were mentioned include the expe-rience and expertise industry that can be found in Finland. Experienc-es are already being planned in the area and e.g. movies have been filmed there.

Trade and services

Jussi Vuori and Erica Österlund from JADA Oy led the group that focused on trade and services. The physical form of future trade and services cannot yet be predicted accurately enough. According to Jussi Vuori, the new city structure must be developed so as to allow for the construction of various construction volumes and combinations and that they can later be modified. The distinct character of the new city district is generated not only by the location but also by the criteria for construction; the latter can be developed using various incentives.

Gain Creators

Pain Relievers

Products& Services

The Value Proposition Canvas

Value (Proposition) Map: Hiedanranta for businesses / trade and services

The makers of Business Model Generation and StrategyzerCopyright Business Model Foundry AG

Pains

Gains

CustomerJob(s)

Customer (Segment) Profile: grocery store operator/representative, large companies

strategyzer.com

Finding new commercial locations

A distinctive cityscape

Drawing on experimental culture

Something new that is yet unknown

Flexibility in de�ning the need for commercial premises

Flexible pricing

Adaptability gives the opera-tors added freedom

10% / 10 years permitted building volume encourages long-term planning

Restrictive plot rental periods or building envelope

Outdated plan markings restrict development

The di�culty of �nding good trading locations

The proportionally higher cost of small trading locations

Incentives and criteria for implementing unique construc-tion

DID THE PARTICIPANTS BELIEVE THE CITY’S DISTINCTIVE IMAGE TO BE IM-PORTANT ALSO FOR THE TRADE SECTOR?The workshop participants included several professionals in the gro-cery store sector and household level service providers. A distinctive image was not considered to be a prerequisite for services (at least not to services that are similar to those currently on offer), but nei-ther was it believed to do any harm.

Within the city, a distinctive charac-ter creates various identities and options for the housing market rather than necessary quality fac-tors for the trade sector.

WHY WOULD 15-YEAR BUILDING PER-MITS BE ATTRACTIVE FOR THE TRADE SECTOR?The investment span of a typical store building is not necessarily any longer than 15 years. The trade sector believes that the lack of re-strictions posed by long plot rental periods or building envelopes en-hances the flexibility of the market locations and pricing.

HOW WOULD THE FLEXIBILITY REQUIRE-MENT FOR THE BUILDING FRAME SERVE COMMERCIAL SERVICES?

The discussion mainly covered services relating to homes and the location of (office/small-scale) jobs. The participants felt that construct-ing a high-quality building for only one function (e.g. housing) would not be profitable, but a more di-verse development of functions should be pursued.

HOW IS THE INABILITY TO FREELY CHOOSE THE FUNCTION OF PLOTS CURRENTLY REFLECTED IN THE EVERY-DAY LIFE OF OPERATORS IN THE TRADE SECTOR?This question was slightly difficult to understand. According to the representatives of large stores, new business locations are often hard to find. In addition to the sale and rental situation, even outdated plan markings can excessively restrict development.

WHY IS IT NOT PROFITABLE TO LOCATE BUSINESS PREMISES ON THE GROUND LEVEL?Small business premises do not meet the needs of large stores and cost far more than larger market lo-cations. Author’s note: This should not prevent their construction if they are needed in terms of the city space. The representatives of the

trade sector stated that the clients would pay the additional cost.

WHAT IMPACTS WOULD THE GRADUAL FREEING OF THE BUILDING RIGHT (10% / 10 YEARS) HAVE ON THE AREA’S TRADE SERVICES?A 10-year incentive would enhance the long-term planning of business operations and housing for all op-erators, i.e. not only in the trade sector.

WHAT KIND OF ATTRACTIVE FUNCTIONS WOULD THE TRADE SECTOR FAVOUR MOST?Freedom was considered the main “anchor function” in Hiedanranta. “The future is not set in stone”, “something completely different”, “new economy – new enjoyment“ etc. The participants believed the strength of the new area to be in its modifiability rather than in in-dividual structures. The culture of experimentation may well create something genuinely new.

Innovations

Inari Virkkala from Virkkala de Vocht Architects and Hilla Rudanko from Architects Rudanko + Kankkunen Ltd cre-ated a vision for the Hiedanranta innovation city with their group. Hiedanranta must be an attractive and interesting location for future innovators from the early stages of construction. Innovators will be attracted to Hiedanranta through the magnificent leisure time environment and ur-ban culture. In future, work, activities, and leisure time will become increasingly intertwined, and an attractive city is one that offers the best leisure time attractions. According to Hilla Rudanko, the swimming facility on the shore and a climb-ing wall in the industrial halls are good ways to quickly build the brand of the area as the Silicon Valley of Finland.

Gain Creators

Pain Relievers

Products& Services

The Value Proposition Canvas

Value (Proposition)

The makers of Business Model Generation and StrategyzerCopyright Business Model Foundry AG

Pains

Gains

CustomerJob(s)

Customer (Segment) Profile: the decision-maker of a new-generating operator

strategyzer.com

To recruit innovative people

Creating a compact urban area

Active and hard-working people are di�cult to attract to Tampere

Attractive leisure time func-tions

Housing and work can be combined

Flexible housing solutions

Expensive housing

Bleak winter

Taking future infrastructure into account

Modern infrastructure: IT, transport, etc.

Low housing price level

Un�nished loft-type housing

A strong area brand Shoreline

Innovative people already living in the areaA unique spirit

Economical, easily adaptable locations

Leisure activities attract active and hard-working people

Map: Hiedanranta for businesses / innovations

WHAT EXAMPLES DID THE PARTICIPANTS TELL/HIGHLIGHT RELATING TO THE IMPACT OF URBAN CULTURE ON INNO-VATION?

During the first workshop day, a representative of the construction company highlighted attractive lei-sure time activities such as sports and a beach as the things that nat-urally attract active and hard-work-ing people to a new area. The entire group considered “urban fallows” or cheap and easily modifi-able locations to be attractive first steps in developing Hiedaranta.

During the workshop, work and working in the future and their in-tegration with other aspects of life were actively discussed. The par-ticipants agreed that in the future, work and working locations will not be as clear-cut as they are today but will become increasingly inter-twined with housing and leisure time. Leisure time activities will be-come merged with working life, and many people will be able to make a living from their hobbies. From these starting points, good oppor-tunities for leisure time activities were considered important attrac-tions from the moment the area is opened to the public.

IN WHAT WAY IS THERE STILL ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF EXPERTS/INNOVATORS IN TAMPERE?Housing was felt to be expensive and for example the price level of the coming Ranta-Tampella was expressed to be too high. A rea-sonable price level was considered important, as was the question of how to keep construction costs below 3000€/m2. Construction of a very wide range of housing forms, such as combinations of housing and business or working premises, should be possible in Hiedanranta. There is also a demand for highly flexible and unfinished loft-type housing.

Combining housing and work should be made easier. Hiedan-ranta could become an interesting location that people come to know and be attracted by even before they move there. The quality of life of future residents depends on commitment to the identity, the brand, and development of their own city district.

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE LEISURE TIME, WORK, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE EXPERTS?During the second workshop day, challenges posed by the northern

climate were discussed at length. Inspired by the discussion, the idea of combining work premises with greenhouses was proposed togeth-er with sheltered outdoor premises or meeting places. By locating the greenhouses on the roof of the current industrial buildings would also highlight the old industrial environment as a landmark of the area.

Fibre optic cable was mentioned as an example of the second chal-lenge: how can a future city be planned so that the infrastructure will remain viable far into the fu-ture? The infrastructure solutions at Hiedanranta must be flexible for both communications and trans-port. Living without a car should be made easy: rail traffic is definitely part of the future and should be emphasised in Hiedanranta.

WHY DID THE SHORE AND THE PLENTI-FUL LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES COME TO THE FORE IN THE DISCUSSIONS AS THE MAIN ATTRACTIONS?The idea of locating a climbing cen-tre in the old industrial property was first raised by Timo Antikainen, the director of business and eco-nomic development of the City of Tampere. This summarised well the

ideas of the participants to propose sports functions as the leading at-traction of the area.

The City Board of Tampere con-siders stories to be valuable in the development of the areas. The distinctive character of the Hiedan-ranta industrial area was seen as a strength. For example, locating housing in the deep-framed build-ings that are in poor condition is often difficult, which made the loca-tion of leisure time functions in the industrial properties seem appro-priate and cost-efficient.

Both workgroups considered the shore and its activation to be im-portant. Of the references, the participants often favoured options that included a passage over the water. During the first workshop day, the participants even suggest-ed a tour skating track that would be kept open on the lake around the year, but the second day’s workgroup did not consider this feasible. The workgroup, therefore, decided to propose smaller-scale activation and an inspiring dock route along the shore. The shore was almost unanimously consid-ered the main strength of Hiedan-ranta.

WHY DOES TAMPERE NOT CURRENTLY ATTRACT ENOUGH INNOVATIONS? OF THOSE THAT IT ATTRACTS, WHAT DREW THEM TO TAMPERE?

Studies show that innovations are generated in compact urban areas, and Tampere is perhaps too small to reach the critical mass for suffi-ciently compact clusters of exper-tise. However, even small locations can be unique and attract innova-tions with special attractions.

The groups considered the Y-com-binator innovation incubator in San Francisco and the surrounding eco-system it has generated that were introduced to the participants dur-ing the workshop as an interesting and inspiring example of a branded location that attracts innovations. Interaction between individuals will continue to be important, and loca-tions where communality is central will attract innovations. The Pispala district in Tampere is an attractive location through its communal spirit.

The distinctive architecture was seen as a clear attraction that can easily be developed into the symbol of the area. The Torni hotel is a new landmark and a unique attraction in the centre of Tampere. Although

no clear innovation cluster has yet developed around the Torni hotel, it has great potential in the coming years as the centre of Tampere continues to develop.

2016