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Hidonac Zambon Composition : Each bottle of 25 ml contains : Active ingredients : N-acetylcysteine 200 mg/ml. Excipients : Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium edetate, Water for injection. Pharmaceutical Form : One bottle containing a solution for intravenous infusion. Pharmaco-Therapeutic Classification : Antidote Action of Drug : After oral administration of 100 mg/kg, NAC is completely absorbed and undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism in the intestinal wall and liver. The elimination half-life was 5 – 6 hours after intravenous administration. NAC is mainly excreted in the urine. The main urinary metabolite of NAC is the inorganic sulphate. However, during the acute paracetamol intoxication, the urinary metabolite of NAC may differ, being at least partially represented by complexation products of NAC or its derivates with the toxic. In toxic pathology, NAC exerts its effects on multiple mechanisms. The best known effect regards its action as precursor of gluatation, NAC (i) acts as precursor of cysteine needed for GSH synthesis (by deacetylation with formulation of free cysteine and by reduction of plasma cystine to cysteine with formation of oxidized NAC), (ii) increase the total amount of glutathione (GSH + GSSG), if depleted, and (iii) facilitates conversion of glutathion from the oxidized from (GSSG) to the biologically active, reduced form (GSH). Furthermore, in paracetamol poisoning, NAC acts (i) by reducing the reactive metabolites (e.g. NAPQI) to atoxic compounds, (ii) conjugating itself directly with said metabolites, (iii) in a specific manner as antioxidant agent and (iv) as precursor of sulfates necessary for the metabolization of paracetamol by sulfation. These mechanisms justify the need of early treatment (within 10 hours) in paracetamol poisoning, to prevent or minimize with maximum efficacy the occurrence of hepatic damage. Likewise important is the capacity of NAC to improve peripheral utilization of O2, increasing delivery and peripheral extraction. In intoxications with severe hepatic insufficiency this makes its possible to prevent or correct tissutal hypoxia which represents one of the main factors responsible for the genesis of multiple organ insufficiency : this effect is evident even in the event of delayed treatment. Therapeutic Indications : Voluntary or accidental paracetamol poisoning. Contra Indication : Known hypersensitivity to the drug or to other chemically correlated substances. Posology and Method of Administration : Acetylcysteine must be administered as loading dose, early after paracetamol intake. Treatment must be continued for at least 72 hours.

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HidonacZambon

Composition : Each bottle of 25 ml contains : Active ingredients : N-acetylcysteine 200 mg/ml. Excipients : Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium edetate, Water for injection.

Pharmaceutical Form : One bottle containing a solution for intravenous infusion.

Pharmaco-Therapeutic Classification : Antidote

Action of Drug : After oral administration of 100 mg/kg, NAC is completely absorbed and undergoes rapid andextensive metabolism in the intestinal wall and liver. The elimination half-life was 5 – 6 hoursafter intravenous administration. NAC is mainly excreted in the urine. The main urinarymetabolite of NAC is the inorganic sulphate. However, during the acute paracetamol intoxication,the urinary metabolite of NAC may differ, being at least partially represented by complexationproducts of NAC or its derivates with the toxic. In toxic pathology, NAC exerts its effects onmultiple mechanisms. The best known effect regards its action as precursor of gluatation, NAC (i)acts as precursor of cysteine needed for GSH synthesis (by deacetylation with formulation of freecysteine and by reduction of plasma cystine to cysteine with formation of oxidized NAC), (ii)increase the total amount of glutathione (GSH + GSSG), if depleted, and (iii) facilitatesconversion of glutathion from the oxidized from (GSSG) to the biologically active, reduced form(GSH).

Furthermore, in paracetamol poisoning, NAC acts (i) by reducing the reactive metabolites (e.g.NAPQI) to atoxic compounds, (ii) conjugating itself directly with said metabolites, (iii) in a specificmanner as antioxidant agent and (iv) as precursor of sulfates necessary for the metabolization ofparacetamol by sulfation.

These mechanisms justify the need of early treatment (within 10 hours) in paracetamolpoisoning, to prevent or minimize with maximum efficacy the occurrence of hepatic damage.

Likewise important is the capacity of NAC to improve peripheral utilization of O2, increasingdelivery and peripheral extraction. In intoxications with severe hepatic insufficiency this makes itspossible to prevent or correct tissutal hypoxia which represents one of the main factorsresponsible for the genesis of multiple organ insufficiency : this effect is evident even in the eventof delayed treatment.

Therapeutic Indications : Voluntary or accidental paracetamol poisoning.

Contra Indication : Known hypersensitivity to the drug or to other chemically correlated substances.

Posology and Method of Administration : Acetylcysteine must be administered as loading dose, early after paracetamol intake. Treatmentmust be continued for at least 72 hours.

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In order to avoid the hypersensitive reactions described in the “adverse events”. It is advisable touse slow infusion rate. For this purpose the drug is previously diluted with 5 % Glucose or withphysiological solution. Loading Dose : Bolus dose – NAC 150 mg/Kg in 60 minutes (at least 200 ml in the adult and 50ml in the child in 5 % glucose or physiological solution). Subsequence doses : Treatment must be continued with 50 mg/kg doses, at slow infusion rate,every 4 hours for a total of 72 hours of treatment.

Loading dose : 150 mg/kgDuration of perfusion : 60 minutesMinimum volume of dilution : Adults : 200 ml/Children : 50 ml

Body weight (kg) 20 40 60 80 100

NAC mg 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000

HIDONAC ml 15 30 45 60 75

Subsequents doses : 50 mg/kg every 4 hours

Body weight (kg) 20 40 60 80 100

NAC mg 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

HIDONAC ml 5 10 15 20 25

Special Warning : The possible presence of sulphurous colour does not indicate an alternation of the product but ischaracteristic of the active ingredient contained in this preparation. The administration of NAC athigh doses may reduce the prothrombin time. However, it is not established whether this is due toa biological action of NAC or the result of an analytical interference. In any way the monitoring ofcoagulation factors is advisable particularly in case of liver transplantation. NAC may interferewith the determination of salycilates (colorimetric method) and with the determination of plasmaand urinary ketones (nitroprusside test). Evaluation of experimental animal studies does notindicate teratogenic effects. The decision to use NAC at antidotal doses during pregnancy andlactation should be based on assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio taking into consideration theparticular characteristic of each case and in particular the risk for the mother and fetus induced bytoxicant in the absence of specific treatment. In any case lactation must be suspended in case ofpoisoning.

KEEP OUT THE REACH OF CHILDREN

Special Precautions for Use : Anaphylactic reactions may occur when iv acetylcysteine is directly administered at high dosesas well as when too fast rate is used. Treatments of those reactions must be symptomatic.Therefore, the product must be administered according to the ‘posology and method ofadministration’ described hereby. Patients suffering from bronchial asthma or with a history ofasthma, must be closely controlled since bronchospasm may occur during treatment. In suchevent the treatment must be immediately suspended. Intravenous administration must be done ina hospital under strict medical surveillance.

Adverse Events : After iv administration of acetylcysteine the following anaphylactic reactions have been seldomly

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reported: urticaria angiodema, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia,dizziness and fever. Probably, these are pseudo-allergic reactions due to the histamine release.These symptoms may require an urgent therapy.

Overdose : Cases of overdose were characterized by similar symptomatology than those observed in thecase of adverse events. In case of overdose, treatment must be suspended. Overdose treatmentis based on symptomatic treatment and/or resuscitation.

Interactions : Interaction between acetylcysteine and antibiotics were reported. However, these are notremarkable when NAC is administered as treatment for paracetamol poisoning.

Shelf-life and Storage Conditions : 3 years in the original packaging and properly stored, 24 hours, at room temperature (25 ± 2oC),as solution for phleboclysis. Mixing HIDONAC with other drugs is not advised. Since NAC can react chemically with rubber,iron, copper etc., it advisable to use glass or plastic materials.

DO NOT USE THIS PRODUCT PAST ITS EXPIRY DATE : THIS DATE IS LOCATED ON THE BOX.

HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER Packing : One bottle containing 25 ml

Manufactured by :Zambon groupVia Della Chimica, 9 – VicenzaItaly

Imported by :PT. Zambon IndonesiaJakarta – Indonesia

Reg. No. DKl ...Packaged By :PT. Dankos Laboratories TbkJakarta – Indonesia.

HidonacZambon

Komposisi : Tiap botol : berisi 25 ml mengandung : Zat aktif : N-Acetylcysteine 200 mg/ml, Zat tambahan :Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium edetate, Air untuk injeksi.

Bentuk sediaan : 1 botol berisi larutan infus intravena

Kelas Terapi : Antidotum

Cara Kerja Obat : Setelah pemberian secara oral 100 mg/kg, NAC secara sempurna diabsorbsi dan mengalirsecara cepat dan dimetabolisme secara ekstensif di dinding usus dan hati. Perubahan waktuparuh dalam 5 sampai 6 jam setelah pemberian intravena. NAC sebagian besar diekskresikan di

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urin. Metabolisme utama NAC di urin adalah sulphate inorganic. Kemudian selama terjadikeracunan paracetamol akut, metabolisme NAC diurin berbeda, sebagian terlihat kekomplekanmetabolite yang diproduksi NAC atau turunan dari zat toksik. Pada patology toksik, NAC bekerjamelalui berbagai mekanisme. Efek yang banyak diketahui adalah sebagai precursor glutation.NAC bekerja (i) sebagai precursor cysteine yang dibutuhkan untuk syntesis GSH (melaluidiacetylasi dengan membentuk cysteine bebas dan melalui reduksi cystine plasma menjadicysteine dari bentuk NAC teroksidasi), (ii) meningkatkan jumlah total glutathione (GSH + GSSG),jika kekurangan dan (iii) membantu perubahan glutathione dari bentuk GSSG oxsidase menjadibentuk biologi aktif, dalam bentuk tereduksi (GSH).

Lebih lanjut, pada keracunan paracetamol, NAC bekerja (i) melalui penurunan metabolit reaktif(sebagai contoh NAPQ1) menjadi bentuk yang tidak toksik. (ii) berkonjugasi secara langsungdengan metabolit tersebut diatas. (iii) secara specific sebagai antioksidan agen dan (iv) sebagaiprecursor sulfate yang dibutuhkan dalam memetabolisme paracetamol melalui sulfurisasi.Mekanisme yang benar dibutuhkan pada treatment awal (selama 10 jam) pada keracunanparacetamol untuk mencegah atau meminimalkan dengan efikasi yang maksimum padakejadian kerusakan hepar.

Demikian juga, yang penting adalah kemampuan dari NAC untuk memperbaiki penggunaan O2di perifer, meningkatkan penghantaran dan pengeluaran di peripher. Pada intoksikasi dengankegagalan hepar yang berat dapat dipakai untuk mencegah atau memperbaiki hypoksia darijaringan dimana merupakan salah satu factor utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalandiberbagai organ : efek ini merupakan bukti meskipun terjadi pada terapi yang terlambat.

Indikasi Terapi : Keracunan paracetamol disengaja atau kecelakaan.

Kontra Indikasi : Diketahui hypersensitif terhadap obat ini atau zat kimia lain yang terkandung.

Posologi dan Cara Pemberian : Acetylcysteine harus diberikan sesuai dengan loading dosenya, segera setelah meng-intakeparacetamol. Pengobatan harus dilanjutkan tidak kurang dari 72 jam. Untuk menghindari reaksihypersensitive seperti digambarkan pada “efek samping”. Sebaiknya menggunakan slowinfusion rate. Untuk penggunaan obat ini sebelumnya dilarutkan dalam larutan 5% glukose ataudengan larutan physiological. Loading Dose : Dosis bolus – NAC 150 mg/kg selama 60 menit (tidak kurang 200 ml untukdewasa dan 50 ml untuk anak dalam 5 % glucose atau larutan physiological). Subsequence dose : Treatment harus dilanjutkan dengan dosis 50 mg/kg dengan kecepatn infusyang lambat, setiap 4 jam dengan total treatment selama 72 jam.

Loading dose : 150 mg/kgLamanya perfusion : 60 menitMinimum volume pelarutan : Dewasa : 200 ml/Anak : 50 ml

Berat badan (kg) 20 40 60 80 100

NAC mg 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000

HIDONAC ml 15 30 45 60 75

Dosis berikutnya : 50 mg/kg setiap 4 jam

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Berat badan (kg) 20 40 60 80 100

NAC mg 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

HIDONAC ml 5 10 15 20 25

Peringatan Khusus : Kemungkinan muncul bau sulfur tidak menandakan adanya perubahan produk tetapi haltersebut merupakan karakteristik dari kandungan zat aktif preparat ini. Pemberian NAC dengandosis tinggi dapat menurunkan “prothrombin time”. Bagaimanapun, hal tersebut belum bisadipastikan apakah ini merupakan aksi biologis dari NAC atau kesalahan analisis. Akan tetapimonitoring faktor koagulasi sebaiknya dilakukan terutama sekali pada kasus transplantasi liver.NAC akan mengganggu penentuan salicylates (metoda colorimetric) dan dengan penentuanketone plasma dan urinary (nitroprusside test). Evaluasi percobaan pada hewan tidakmenunjukkan efek teratogenik. Keputusan penggunaan NAC pada dosis antidotum selamakehamilan dan menyusui harus didasarkan pada penilaian dan rasio resiko-benefit yangdiperoleh dari pertimbangan karakteristik dari masing-masing kasus dan khususnya resiko padaibu dan bayi dalam kandungan yang terinduksi oleh racun dengan tidak adanya treatment yangspecifik. Oleh karena itu menyusui harus dihentikan untuk mencegah adanya keracunan.

JAUHKAN DARI JANGKAUAN ANAK-ANAK

Perhatian khusus penggunaan : Reaksi anafilaksis kemungkinan timbul saat acetylcysteine infous intravena diberikan secaralangsung dengan dosis tinggi dan dengan kecepatan yang tinggi. Treatment untuk reaksitersebut harus berdasarkan symptomnya. Oleh karena itu product harus diberikan menurutposology dan metode pemberian yang digambarkan diatas. Pasien penderita asma bronkhialatau dengan riwayat asthma, harus dikontrol dengan teliti dengan kemungkinan bronkospasmeterjadi selama pengobatan. Pada kejadian tersebut pengobatan segera dihentikan. Pemberiansecara intravenous harus dilakukan di Rumah sakit dibawah pengawasan ketat dokter.

Efek samping : Setelah pemberian intravena acetylcysteine diikuti reaksi anafilactik jarang dilaporkan : urticaria,angioedema, bronchospama, nausea, vomiting, hypertensi, takikardia, dizziness dan fever. Kemungkinan adanya reaksi pseudo-allergic karena lepasnya histamin. Simptom inimembutuhkan terapi segera.

Interaksi : Interaksi antara acetylcyteine dan antibiotik telah dilaporkan. Sedangkan ketika diberikandengan NAC sebagai terapi untuk keracunan paracetamol tidak begitu jelas.

Over dosis : Kasus-kasus overdosis dtandai dengan simptom yang sama dengan efek samping. Pada kasusover dosis ini treatment harus dihentikan. Treatment over dosis berdasarkan pada symptom danatau tingkat kesadarannya.

Shelf-life dan kondisi penyimpanan : 3 tahun dalam kemasan original dan disimpan dengan baik. 24 jam dalam suhu ruang (25 ±20C), sebagai lautan phleboclysis. Tidak dianjurkan mencampur HIDONAC dengan obat lain. Karena NAC dapat bereaksi secara

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kimia dengan rubber, iron, copper, dll, dianjurkan menggunakan bahan gelas atau plastik.

JANGAN MENGGUNAKAN PRODUK INI BILA SUDAH KADALUARSA : TANGGAL KADALUARSA TERTERA PADA DOS

HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER

Kemasan : Tiap botol berisi 25 ml

Diproduksi oleh :Zambon groupVia Della Chimica, 9 – VicenzaItaly

Diimpor oleh :PT. Zambon IndonesiaJakarta – Indonesia

Reg. No. DKI ...

Dikemas oleh :P T . Dankos LaboratoriesTbkJakarta – Indonesia.