HERON TOWER
Clients Heron: InternationalArchitect: Kohn Pedersen Fox
AssociatesStructures and civil engineers: ArupServices engineer:
Foreman RobertsConsultant facade: Emmer Pfenninger Partner
AGConsultant costs: Davis LangdonPlanning Consultants: DP9The main
contractor: Skanska UKProject Manager: MaceHeight: 242 mNumber of
floors: 47 floors
Heron Tower is a high rise office building in the City of
London, designed by Kohn Pederson Fox Associates for property
development group Heron International. The building provides more
than 68000m2 floor space, which consists mainly of office with a
small number of retail on the ground and first floor. A restaurant
and bar are available in 38 to the 40th floor, is open to members
of the public.
This building is one of the highest in the City of London. 47
floor tower rises to 203m high, with a 39m pole taking the highest
point to 242m.
The main requirements of the architecture design is to maintain
an open, feeling each building. This has been achieved by
sub-dividing the tower into ten villages 3 floors, each with
accommodation arranged around a central atrium.
Each village 3 floors separated from the front by a 2 hour fire
rated floor compartment, the principle behind the design of fire
safety is to treat each village as a 3-storey buildings linked by
an open vacancy. This leads to the need to assess the fire-rise as
part of the public and fire safety strategy for structural fire
protection of buildings.
The building is also divided vertically into two zones, with
accommodation and atrium located in the north of the building and
the core area containing a combined fire / fire escape stairs and
space plants located in the south.
Heron Tower is the main superstructure stress vierendeel tube
that wraps around the office floor. Office floor is supported by
long-span (up to 14m) solid piece Universal Beams act composite
deck 130mm deep with re-entrant.
Structure tube
With the site is surrounded by roads on all sides, there is also
limited space for construction. The answer is a tube structure.
This provides structural stability required by a 46-storey building
while maximizing floor space open (and therefore the leased
area).
To reach the office space that is flooded with daylight and has
detached view of the City of London, we took the unusual step of
cutting a 'piece' vertically on one side of the tube. The strength
of the tube structure in continuous outer edge, so we designed the
framing system to 'stitch' open vertical edges together at key
places
Solar shield
The south side of the building houses a double-decker elevators,
cable and fire exit. It also provides the Heron Tower with sun
shield. Studded with 48,000 photovoltaic array, it supplies enough
power for the needs of the cellar. The top of the building houses a
diesel generator to provide 100% of standby power in case of power
outage.The tube has other advantages. This accelerated development
because the basement and the structure above can proceed together.
Top-down approach also means that the load-bearing capacity
increases foundations advanced construction. By configuring the
base to match the demands placed on them as the construction moved,
we make construction much more expensive.Designed office space for
rent in pieces three floors, each with a glass atrium overlooking
the city. The interior can be configured individually for each
tenant.
Arup fire engineering practice in designing the layout of fire
protection engineering, fire protection to reduce all the major
members (beams and columns) of the 2-hour to 90 minutes and left
unprotected secondary beams. It is considered to be suitable,
because of the structural form developed in close coordination of
structural engineers and firefighters and deliberately designed to
be strong if exposed to fire events.
To demonstrate that this would provide an adequate level of
protection, the finite element analysis performed using ABAQUS
commercial modeling program.
The first stage is to agree on the basic design fire scenarios
reasonable. Post-flashover fire at a rate of only proposed as
reasonable. However, because the normal atrium through the floor to
floor compartmentation, multilevel models with lighter flame spread
to all floors are also considered and evaluated.
The model is then created provide a realistic representation of
the structure including the temperature dependent material
properties of non-linear, which is necessary to capture the kind of
large displacements seen in the structure under fire load.In a
multilevel model, with a more severe fire, maximum deflection on
the beam without a condom is about 2m (Span / 7.2). For comparison,
look at the Cardington test series the ratio of the maximum
deflection of about Span / 10 Comments girder less protected with a
maximum deflection of about 500mm (Span / 20). This model shows
that the stability and compartmentation is maintained. Multilevel
models showed a smaller beam deflection (approximately Span. /
10)because less severe but more widely spread fire. Although
influenced column for a few floors, there is no indication of
instability. An appropriate code layout of fire protection (all
blocks protected) from the floor model also assessed and showed
considerable structural movement. It is generally assumed that a
building designed for the requirements of the code will be
relatively unaffected by the fire. This analysis shows that a large
deflection will occur in buildings that are fully protected in the
post - flashover fire. Finite element analysis also allows Arup
Fire to show the strength / stress and tension in the building and
shows that stability is achieved.
Approval was given in December 2006, achieving significant
savings for clients, not only in terms of cost and weight reduction
in future maintenance needs, but also beneficial to the project and
finishing the program better for the affected elements. In
addition, by reducing the amount of spray-on intumescent
environmental impact of buildings and danger to workers is
reduced.
It is considered to have become the first building in the UK who
have been approved to use fire analysis stratified as a fundamental
part of the approval process and is now widely regarded as a
benchmark for structural fire engineering in London.To improve
lettability, clients want complete flexibility to allow tenants
village either attach the atrium or leave them open for
accommodation. Due to the open atrium will introduce a direct route
to smoke spread between levels, fire safety design is developed
using simultaneous evacuation regime in every village, and ensure
that occupants in all parts of the floor can always be separated
from the atrium to achieve core escape.CFD analysis carried out in
two parts. The first model was created to assess the condition of
the inhabitants of the upper floors of a village may be encountered
as a result of smoke spread through the atrium of a fire in the
basement. An axi-symmetric property at the base of the atrium and
the plume from the lowest level modeled. It shows that for both
scenarios, the occupants will have enough time to evacuate the
atrium and into the core prior to the onset of the condition can
not be maintained because of the level of visibility, temperature
and carbon monoxide.
The second model was created to assess the condition of the
occupants may be encountered on the first floor of the building if
there is no atrium, namely the possibility of 'code compliant'
setting. The results of this analysis show that the conditions will
be much better in a rural setting proposed by the atrium when
compared with the setting of the story without the atrium
Therefore, it shows that the concept of village life will not
compromise the safety of the occupants due to the spread of smoke,
and that the design is done is better than code that may be
appropriate setting.
DENAH HERON TOWER
DENAH HERON
SITE PLAN HERON TOWER
Studi pustaka
:http://www.steelconstruction.info/Heron_Tower,_Londonhttp://www.arup.com/Projects/Heron_Tower.aspxPOTONGAN
HERON TOWER
