Definition

Heritage: Property that is or may

be inherited; an inheritance; Valued

objects and qualities such as

historic buildings and cultural

traditions that have been passed

down from previous generations;

Denoting or relating to things of

special architectural, historical, or

natural value that are preserved for

the nation; Denoting a traditional

brand or product regarded as

emblematic of fine craftsmanship;

Oxford English Dictionary

Criteria for Listings

Statutory Criteria:

Architectural Interest

Historic Interest

General Principles:

Age & Rarity

Aesthetic Merit

Selectivity

National Interest

State of Repair

Source: Principles of Selection for Building

DCMS March 2015

British Library, St Pancras, London

Grade I Listed

Age & Rarity

Princples of the Selection of Listing

Buildings (DCMS March 2010)

Before 1700, all buildings that contain a significant

proportion of their original fabric are listed;

From 1700 to 1840, most buildings are listed;

After 1840, progressively greater selection is required;

Careful selection is required for buildings from the period

After 1945;

Buildings of less than 30 years old (post 1985) are normally

listed only if they are of outstanding quality and under threat.

Benefits of Age

“Politicians, ugly buildings, and whores

all get respectable if they last long

enough”

Noah Cross (John Huston), Chinatown

20th Century Examples

Historic England announces list of

21 establishments from interwar

era to be protected by government

as examples of the ‘improved pub’

movement.

The Royal Oak, Bethnal Green

Grade II Listed

Built 1923

Berkeley Hotel, Scunthorpe

Grade II Listed

Built 1940

The Gatehouse, Norwich

Grade II Listed

Built 1934

Top: The Royal Oak, Hoxton, London, Grade II

BL: Berkeley Hotel, Scunthorpe, Grade II

BR: The Gatehouse ,Norwich, Grade II

20th Century Examples

Through Historic England’s project

to assess commercial buildings

from 1964 to 1984 an additional14

post war offices have been Grade

II Listed this year celebrating the

work of leading modern architects.

30 Cannon Street, London

By Whinney, Son & Austen Hall,

1974-7

Alpha Tower, Birmingham

By George Marsh of Richard

Seifert & Partners, 1970-2

IBM Pilot Head Office, Portmouth

Foster Associates, 1970-71

TL:30 Cannon Street, London, Grade II

TR: The Alpha Tower, Birmingham, Grade II

Bottom: IBM Pilot Head Office, Portmouth, Grade II

Contentious Recent

Heritage

The Northern Bank, Belfast

Grade B1 Listed on 21st Aug 2015

Constructed 1976

Designed by Robert J Greenslade

of BDP

Robin Hood Gardens, London

Listing application rejected

Constructed 1972

By Alison & Peter Smithsons

Due for demolition

Top: Northern Bank, Belfast, Grade B1

Bottom: Robin Hood Gardens, London, Not Listed

Contentious Heritage

Regeneration

Park Hill, Sheffield

Grade II* Listed in 1998

Opened in 1961

By Ivor Smith and Jack Lynn

Recently regenerated by Urban

Splash in collaboration with

Hawkins\Brown.

“The housing estate that brought

‘streets in the sky’ to Sheffield after

the Second World War”

Class Cleansing?

Top: Park Hill, Sheffield, Grade II*

Bottom: Illustration of Class Cleansing, Matt Kenyon

Twentieth Century

Society

The Twentieth Century Society was

founded as the Thirties Society in

1979, and exists to safeguard the

heritage of architecture and design

in Britain from 1914 onwards. The

Society’s prime objectives are

conservation, to protect the

buildings and design that

characterise the Twentieth Century

in Britain, and education, to extend

our knowledge and appreciation

of them, whether iconic

buildings like the Royal Festival

Hall or everyday artifacts like the

red telephone box.

Top: Royal Festival Hall, London, Grade I

BL: Preston Bus Station, Preston, Grade II

BR: The ‘BT Tower’, London, Grade II

Exceptional Buildings ?

Nottingham Contemporary

Not Listed

Constructed 2009

Caruso St. John Architects

Nottingham’s Centre for

Contemporary Arts. Contextually

sensitive but contentious?

“The exterior of the Centre takes its

inspiration from the amazing 19th

century buildings of Nottingham,

and in particular, from the

impressive façades of the Lace

Market.”

Outstanding Quality

Princples of the Selection of Listing

Buildings (DCMS March 2010)

Before 1700, all buildings that contain a significant

proportion of their original fabric are listed;

From 1700 to 1840, most buildings are listed;

After 1840, progressively greater selection is required;

Careful selection is required for buildings from the period

After 1945;

Buildings of less than 30 years old (post 1985) are normally

listed only if they are of outstanding quality and under threat.

Outstanding Quality

Where does Outstanding Quality within the

built environment come from?

Commissioning context – Patronage

Permanence

Reliability

Security

Dependability

Authority

Legacy

Outstanding Quality

Top: Text

BL: Text

BR: Text

Where does Outstanding Quality within

the built environment come from?

Commissioning context – Profit max/Cost min

Path of least resistance –

design/design/procurement

Risk adverse

Innovation free

Quality Factors

Architectural Education

Technology (Drawing)

Presentation

History

Theory

Quality Factors

The Role of the Architect

Procurement

Design team leader

Reconciling quality with cost in

the interests of the client.

Drawing sub contractor

Providing information to the

contractor.

Quality Factors

Local Authority Architects

Loss of LA Architects

Departments

Quality Factors

Local Authority Architects

Loss of LA Architects Departments

Proportion of architects employed by the public

sector has dropped from 63% to 11 % in 30

years.

Over 50% of top tier Local Authorities don’t

employ a Chief Architect.

Quality Factors

Local Authorities – Farrell Review

“I am wholly supportive of the localism agenda

but I must question whether local authorities

that have no architectural expertise at a senior

officer levelL and don’t even have it on

permanent call from outside should be allowed

to exercise the full range of plan-making and

development control responsibilities.”

Lord Tyler (July 2014)

Quality FactorsLessons from Europe

Powerful City Architects

Ability to intervene in design

quality planning issues

Kristiaan Borret, Antwerp Chief City Architect

Quality Factors

Design Review Process

Nationally

Royal Fine Arts Commission

CABE

Design Council

Regionally

DRPs often dependant upon

the subsidised support of

panel members

Quality Factors

Design Review Process

Can seek to prevent rubbish

and can improve mediocre

schemes

Can not deliver Outstanding

Quality without an outstanding

architect/design team

Quality FactorsPolicy (NPPF)

It is important to plan positively for the

achievement of high quality and inclusive

design for all development, including

individual buildings, public and private

spaces and wider area development

schemes.

In determining applications, great weight

should be given to outstanding or

innovative designs which help raise the

standard of design more generally in the

area.

Exceptional Buildings?

Inland Revenue Centre,

Nottingham

Constructed 1994

Hopkins Architects

Not Listed

39,000sqm development to

accommodate 1800 staff with a

range of faculties within to include

offices, a sports hall and

restaurants.

The centre was seen as a

pioneering 'Green' project in the

UK that utilised thermal mass and

passive ventilation strategies within

its daily operations.

Recent Listings

Central Library, Milton Keynes

Grade II Listed on 30 April 2015

Constructed 1981

Designed by Buckinghamshire

County Council’s architects’

department.

Roman Catholic Church of St

Mary, Brighton

Grade II Listed on 4th June 2015

Constructed 1912

Designed by Percy Aiden Lamb

Former Electric Bus Garage and

Re-Charging Station, Brighton.

Grade II Listed on 29 May 2015

Constructed 1909

Design by local architects Charles

Clayton & Ernest Black

Top: Central Library, Milton Keynes

BL: RC Church of St. Mary, Brighton

BR: Former Garage & Station, Brighton

Exceptional Buildings ?

The Horizon Factory, Nottingham

Listing application submitted

Constructed 1971

BDP, Arup Associates

The 1970’s building was designed

and constructed specifically for the

production of Imperial Tobacco

Cigarettes and was a cutting edge

building for its time. The building

today stands as a testament

towards Nottingham's

manufacturing history and is the

last working cigarette factory in

England.

The production and building is set

to close in 2016 leaving the iconic

concrete building vacant and under

threat.

Not exceptional?

Not statutory Listed

Not within Conservation Areas.

Non-designated Heritage Assets.

Top: Thwaites Pub. Blackburn

BL: Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby

BR: Clarendon,

Thank You