Hepatitis Virus Kuliah

8/17/2019 Hepatitis Virus Kuliah

1/54

DR. Dr. Noormartany, SpPK-K; M Si


2/54

WHAT IS VIRAL HEPATITIS?HEPATITIS is a serious disease caused by virus

that attacks the liver .

There are various strains o viral he!atitis "hichcan cause lielon# inection$ cirrhosis % scarrin#&o the liver $ liver cancer $ liver ailure$ anddeath.


3/54


4/54


5/54


6/54


7/54


8/54


9/54


10/54


11/54


12/54

HEPATITIS A MARKER: HAV-Total,

HAV-IgM, Anti -HAV.


13/54


14/54


15/54

Hepatitis B

What are the clinical symptoms?


16/54


17/54


18/54


19/54


20/54


21/54

HEPATITIS B SEROLOGY:


22/54

HEPATITIS B MARKERS:

HBsAg :Present in acte or chronic in!ection. Anti HBs:

Present in reco"ery or immni#ation.

Anti -HBc :

May $e %&otal' ()*+)*M or )*M. i!elon* mar/er o!

past an0 acti"e in!ection in either acte or

chronic.

HBeAg :

1cte in!ection, an0 e2tremely in!ectios.

Anti-Hbe:

3sally pro*nostic !or resoltion.


23/54

Ho4 to protect !rom $ecomin* in!ecte0

4ith HB5 at 4or/??&he primary measre !or

pre"ention o! hepatitis B is

immni#ation

Hepatitis B can $e pre"ente0 sin*

either pree2posre prophyla2is 4ith

hepatitis "accine or poste2posre

prophyla2is 4ith hepatitis B

immne *lo$lin an0 hepatitis

"accine.


24/54

HBV is of greatest concern in the

occupational setting for several

reasons:

(6 there is a relati"ely hi*h ris/ o! $ecomin*in!ecte0 !ollo4in* an e2posre, e2posre to/no4n contaminate0 sorce reslts in 78-9

li/elihoo0 o! in!ection.( the chance o! 0e"elopin* clinical hepatitis!ollo4in* e2posre is -76.


25/54

(3) HBV not only transmitted through percutaneous

exposure , but also can be transmitted throughsurface contact with dried blood or other

potentially infectious materials

(4) HBV infections that occur in workers with no

history of non occupational exposure or

occupational percutaneous inury might ha!e

resulted from direct or indirect blood or bodyfluid exposures that inoculated HBV into

cutaneous scratches, abrasions, burns, or other

lesions, or on mucosal surfaces


26/54

Hepatitis C Virus

(HCV)Disco"ere0 in 6or case o! posttrans!sion hepatitis prior to 6


27/54


28/54


29/54

H5 RN1

Serologic Pattern of Acute HCVInfection it! Progre""ion it!

Reco#er$

6 7 A @ 9 6 7 A

Months Cears

& i t e r

&ime a!ter 2posre

1&

anti-H5

Normal

Symptoms EF-

10apte0 !rom MMWR 6


30/54

Serolo*ic Pattern o! 1cte H5 )n!ection 4ith

Pro*ression to hronic )n!ection

Normal

Symptoms EF-

6 7 A @ 9 6 7 A

Months Cears

& i t e r

&ime a!ter 2posre

1&

anti-H5

10apte0 !rom MMWR 6


31/54


32/54


33/54


34/54


35/54


36/54


37/54

Specific Practices To Be Utilized in workplace

Ho" to dis!ose o s'all a'ount o re#ulated"aste and re'ove #loves(


38/54


39/54


40/54


41/54

Ho4 to 0ispose a lar*er amonts o! re*late0 4aste:

)eore re'ovin# dis!osable #loves$

#ather all conta'inated 'aterialsto#ether and !ut the' in a bioha*ard%red& ba#.

+ake sure the ba# intact and that

there is no dan#er o leakin#.Stri! o, dis!osable #loves$ dro! the'

into the red ba#$ close the ba# byhandlin# only the clean outsidesuraces $do not thro" the bioha*ard

ba# into the re#ular trash.Wash hands "ith soa! and "ater.

Inor' your su!ervisor so he-she can'ake arran#e'ents to !ro!erly

dis!ose o the bioha*ard ba#.


42/54

Place all s!arps ("eedles# S$rin%es# Broken &lass# 'tc.)into a s!arps container.


43/54

Ho to a"! !an%

&ro&erl$''Pro&er !an%a"!ing i"one of t!e (o"ti(&ortant infectioncontrol Me"ure" for

e(&lo$ee" or)ingit! *loo% or OPIM+

Han%a"!ing facilitie"(u"t *e a#aila*le

it!in t!e facilit$ to alle(&lo$ee" it!occu&ational e,&o"ure+


44/54

Wet $oth han0s an0 4rists 4ith

soap an0 4ater.

Sprea0 to the $ac/ o! han0san0 4rists. lean the !in*er tipsan0 $et4een the !in*ers .Washin* time shol0 $e at least6@ secon0s.

Rinse han0s an0 4rists 4ell toremo"e the soap.


45/54

Ho4 to clean spills or contaminate0 sr!aces:

&he !irst step is to contain the spill.

Gor small spill, *a#e or paper

to4els shol0 $e place0 o"er the

$loo0 or P)M !or containment an0a0sorption.

Ne2t, apply a 0isin!ectant. &his can

$e a .@ soltion o! so0im

hypochlorite in 4ater.


46/54

3se paper to4els or a 0st

pan an0 $room to remo"ethe materials.

Dispose o! thecontaminate0 materials in a

properly la$ele0 4astecontainer.

nce contaminate0materials are remo"e0 !rom

the sr!ace, reapply thesterilant an0 allo4 tenmintes $e!ore 4ipin*a*ain.


47/54

What the thir0 !n0amental components o! an P?

Hepatitis B Vaccination:

T!e accin is %ien in t!ree sta%es..T!e initial in*ection.

+. A second in*ection one ,ont! later.

. A t!ird in*ection ,ont!s after t!e first

in*ection.


48/54

What is he!atitis )vaccine?He!atitis ) vaccine has been available since /01.

+ade "ith reco'binant 23A technolo#y$ andcontain !rotein !ortions o H)V.

The vaccine ad'inistrated I+

usually #iven on schedule o 4$$5 'onths


49/54

Who should be

vaccinated?'er$one / $ears of a%e and $oun%er

oer / $ears of a%e w!o are at risk for HBV infection# w!ic! include 0

se1uall$ actie !eterose1ual adults wit! ,ore t!an one se1 partner in

t!e prior ,ont!s# or !ae a !istor$ of se1uall$ trans,itted disease. Ho,ose1ual and 2ise1ual ,en

dru% users

person at occupational risk of infection

He,odial$sis patients !ouse!old and se1 contacts of persons wit! c!ronic HBV infection


50/54

Co((unication of

Ha-ar%"&his part o! the P 0escri$es

la$elin*

&he $ioha#ar0 le*en0 mst $eplace0 on all containers o!

$loo0 or P)M.

&he container !or stora*e ,

transport , or shippin* shall$ear this la$el


51/54

Post e6!osure evaluation and

ollo"7u!1n e2posre inci0ent is a speci!ic eye, moth, other mcosmem$rane, non intact s/in, or parenteral (e.*. nee0le stic/ )mme0iately 4ash the a!!ecte0 $o0y part 4ith soap an0 4ater

Noti!y yor sper"isor

)t is essential to ensre the proper me0ical e"alation an0 !ollo4 p

HB5 can $e transmitte0 $y se2al contact , hepatitis B is the only

se2ally transmitte0 0isease !or 4hich there is a "accine that o!!ers

protection

)n!ant $orn to 4omen 4ith HB5 in!ection ha"e a "ery hi*h chance o!

*ettin* hepatitis B !rom their mothers the hepatitis B "accine is reco*ni#e0 as the !irst anti-cancer "accine,

$ecase it can pre"ent primary li"er cancer case0 $y hepatitis B

in!ection.


52/54

G1&S:

He&atiti" B can *e &re#ente% it! a "afean% e.ecti#e #accine+

e#en if a &er"on infecte% it! He&atiti" B#iru" %oe" not feel "ic) / !e or "!e can "till

infect ot!er"Me%icare ill &a$ u& to 012 of t!e co"t for

!e&atiti" B #accination for 3ualif$ingin%i#i%ual"

HBV i" foun% in *loo% an% ot!er *o%$ 4ui%""uc! a" "e(en an% #aginal "ecretion"/ it i"511 ti(e" (ore infectiou" t!an HIV


53/54

HBV can *e tran"(itte% *$ "e,ualcontact / !e&atiti" B i" t!e onl$"e,uall$ tran"(itte% %i"ea"e for !ic!t!ere i" a #accine t!at o.er" &rotection

Infant *orn to o(en it! HBVinfection !a#e a #er$ !ig! c!ance ofgetting !e&atiti" B fro( t!eir (ot!er"

t!e !e&atiti" B #accine i" recogni-e%a" t!e 6r"t anti7cancer #accine/*ecau"e it can &re#ent &ri(ar$ li#ercancer cau"e% *$ !e&atiti" B infection+

G1&S:


54/54

Thank you or yourattention

Documents

Hepatitis Virus Kuliah