Hematologic System

Josalyn

What is it? The production and transport of

blood. Is part of, and assists with

Lymphatic System, and Immune System.

Functions- Supplies Oxygen, nutrients, and

chemicals to the body Transports waste to organs for

removal

Structure Hematopoiesis- medical

term for blood formation. Leucopoiesis- Leukocyte

production. 55% of blood is liquid. 45% of blood is formed

material.

Liquids Serum- liquid w/o clotting

proteins. Plasma- liquid with clotting

proteins. Coagulant- A clotting protein, ex:

Fibrinogen. Anticoagulant- prevents clotting,

ex: blood thinners. Fats- triglycerides and cholesterol.

Formed Materials Erythrocyte- Mature red blood

cell. Reticulocyte- immature red

blood cell, characterized by mesh-like pattern of threads.

Macrophage- large cell that ‘eats bad’ blood cells.

Leukocyte- white blood cell.

Formed Materials, cont. Granulocyte- cell with grain-

like structures in cytoplasm. Agranulocyte- cell with out

grain-like structure. Basophilic- stained w/ basic

(blue) dyes. Eosenophilic- stained w/

acidic (pink) dyes.

Formed Material, cont. Clotting Cells

Thrombocyte- nucleated clotting cell, contains nucleus.

Platelet- enucleated clotting cell, no nucleus.

Megakaryocyte- large nucleated cell in bone marrow that makes Platelets.

Lymphatic System Part of immune system. Interstitial Fluid- fluid that flows

between and nourishes cells. Lymph- interstitial fluid that is

in the lymphatic capillaries. Lymph Nodes- bean-shaped sacs

that filter lymph and holds B & T leukocyte.

Lymphatic System, cont. Tonsils- mass of lymph tissue that

protects the nose, and throat. Spleen- organ in upper abdomen

filters blood stores red blood cells Balances red blood cell and Plasma

levels. Thymus- organ that creates T

cells in young animals.

Immune System Antigen- anything that attacks the body. Lymphocyte- cell that works against

antigen. T Cell- attacks the antigen directly. B cell- attacks substances made by

antigen. Memory cells- Remember the antigen and

create protection for future use. Plasma cell- creates antibodies for

specific antigens. Immunoglobin- antibody made by plasma

cell

Immune System, cont. How it works

1. Antigen enters body and attacks.

2. Body senses the threat.3. White blood cells, T Cells, and B

Cells attack the antigen.4. Memory Cells create antibodies

to fight future infections.

Immune System, cont. Immunity Types-

Naturally Acquired Passive- immunity passed from mother to offspring.

Naturally Acquired Active- immunity created from antibodies during infection.

Artificially Acquired Passive- antibodies obtained from antiserum from another host.

Artificially Acquire Active- immunity from a vaccine.

Oncology Neoplasm- uncontrolled cell

growth. Malignant- cancerous. Bening- noncancerous. Pedunculated- having a stalk. Well Circumscribed- well

defined. Invasive- not well defined.

Diagnostics Blood Smear- blood specimen

smeared on microscope slide for examination.

Bone Marrow Biopsy- sample of bone marrow taken via needle for examination.

Biopsy-collection of cells for study. Touch Preps- cells on a glass slide

pressed against a mass then studied under microscope.

Conditions Anemia- low level of red blood

cells. Exudate- protein/cell/solid rich

material that has escaped the blood vessels.

Hemophilia- genetic condition where blood doesn’t clot properly. High deadly.

Leukemia- elevated number of malignant white blood cells.

Conditions, cont. Autoimmune Disease- conditions

where immune system attacks itself.

Tonsilitis- inflammation of the tonsils.

Melanoma- tumor of melanin pigmented cells.

Myxoma- tumor of connective tissue.

Procedures Tonsillectomy- surgical

removal of tonsils. Splenectomy- Surgical

removal of the spleen. Chemotherapy- chemical

treatment of tumor. Radiation Therapy-

treatment of tumor via xrays.