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NEW SERIES SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00VOL. 86, No. 2244 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1937 SINGLE COPIES, .15

UTmO-DATE SAUNDERS TEXTBOOKS

HEILBRUNN'SGENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

4

Brand New! By L. V. HEILBRUNN, Associate Profes-sor of Zoology in the University of Pennsylvania. Oc-tavo of 603 pages, illustrated. Cloth, $5.00 net.

SCHNEIDER'SPHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITYBy EDWARD C. SCHNEIDER, M.P.E., PH.D., D.Sc., Pro-fessor of Biology at Wesleyan University, Middletown,Connecticut. 12mo of 401 pages, illustrated. Cloth,$2.75 net.

CRANDALL'SHUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

By LATHAN A. CRANDALL, JR., M.D., PH.D., AssociateProfessor of Physiology and Pharmacology, North-western University Medical School. 12mo of 325 pages,104 diagrammatic illustrations. Cloth, $2.00 net.

DREW'SINVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

Fifth Edition. By GIMAN A. DREW, PH.D. Revisedby JAMES A. DAWSON, PH.D., Associate Professor ofBiology, and LEONARD P. SAYLES, PH.D., Assistant Pro-fessor of Biology, The College of the City of New York.12mo of 276 pages. Cloth, $2.25 net.

BOGERT'SFUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Just Beadyl-New (4th) Edition. By L. JEAN BOGERT,PH.D., formerly Instructor of Medicine, University ofQhicago. 12mo of 449 pages, illustrated. Cloth, $2.75net.

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HARROW & SHERWIN'SBIOCHEMISTRYBy 30 Teachers. Edited by BENJAMIN HARROW, PH.D.,Associate Professor of Chemistry, The City College ofthe City of New York; and CARL P. SHERWIN, M.D.,Sc.D., DR.P.H., LL.D., Member of the Staff of St. Vin-cent 's and French Hospitals, New York City. Octavoof 797 pages, illustrated. Cloth, $6.00 net.

FROBISHER'SFUNDAMENTALS OF BACTERIOLOGYBy MARTIN FROBISHER, JR., B.S., D.Sc., F.A.A.A.S.,Associate in Bacteriology, The Johns Hopkins Univer-sity. 12mo of 474 pages, 230 illustrations. Cloth,$3.25 net.

GREAVES'ELEMENTARY BACTERIOLOGYThird Edition. By JOSEPH E. GREAVES, M.S., PH.D.,Professor of Bacteriology, Utah Agricultural College;and ETHELYN 0. GREAVES, M.S., PH.D. 12mo of 562pages, 147 illustrations. Cloth, $3.50 net.

HILL'SHISTOLOGY & ORGANOGRAPHYSeventh Edition. By CHARLES HILL, B.S., M.S., PH.D.,M.D., formerly Head of the Department of Histologyand Embryology, Northwestern University MedicalSchool. 530 pages, 312 illustrations. Cloth, $3.50 net.

MARSHALL'SHUMAN ANATOMYBy CLYDE MARSHALL, M.D., Department of Anatomy,Yale University. 12mo of 385 pages, 252 illustrations.Cloth, $2.50 net.

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oHelbrunn's General Physiology .$5.00 net 0 Harrow and Sherwin's Biochemistry .$6.00 neto Schneider's Physiology of Muscular Activity ... 2.75 net PFrobisher's Fundamentals of Bacteriology ..... 3.25 neto Crandall's Human Physiology ................. 2.00 net 0 Greaves' Elementary- Bacteriology .3.50 netO Drew's Invertebrate Zoology .2.25 net [ Hill's Histology and Organography.3.50 netO[Bogert's Chemistry .2.75 net [:Marshall's Human Anatomy.2.50 net

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Octavo, 733 pages, illustrated with 243 engravings.Cloth, $8.50, net.

This volume has been designed to meet the needfor authoritative information required by the in-creasing importance of parasites as etiologicalagents of human disease. It presehts in coneiseform the essential facts and the symptoms withapproved methods of diagnosis, treatment and con-trol of the diseases which they produce. The auth-ors are recognized authorities who cover both thetheoretical and practical problems.

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Symposium sponsored by the Section on MedicalSciences at Atlantic City, N. J., published under thedirection of the following committee of workers inmedical science: William Charles White, Chairman;Vincent du Vigneaud, C. C. Little, Esmond R. Long,and Carl Voegtlin. Edited by Henry B. Ward.These papers bring out the advances recently madein cancer research by leading investigators alongthe three main approaches to the problem: biology,chemistry and physics. A summary of the paperswill be found in Soience for February 5, 1937.

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IA Stereoscopic Atlas of the Chick

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 86, NO. 22446

VOL. 86, No. 2244

this is practiced, however, it will be found that in a

certain percentage of cases air will be imprisoned in

the upper coils of the cochlea and at the apex of the

semi-circular canals, thus leading to an imperfect cast.

If a positive pressure is applied to the molten metal

in the labyrinth the air is forced out through the pores

in the bone and the canals completely filled with the

metal, giving a true cast of the interior.A piece of rigid tubing3 21 or 3 inches in length is

placed with one end over the fenestra rotunda andfenestra ovalis and a piece of i-inch adhesive appliedto the outer surface of the tube to hold it to the boneand to cover the openings resulting from the inequali-ties between their respective surfaces. Plaster of parisis next applied to the outer surface of the adhesive,bone and tube to seal their union. A piece of adhesiveis placed over the internal auditory meatus and theentire petrous bone is covered with a thick layer ofthe plaster, leaving only the upper end of the tubeprojecting from the mass. After hardening, the mass

is placed in a sand bath with only the upper inch ofthe tube above the sand, which is heated to 110°-120°C. Molten Wood's metal is now poured into the tube,almost filling it. A rubber cork previously bored to fit

this tube is fitted over its upper end and pressure is

applied by manually compressing an atomizer bulb the

tube of which is adapted to the upper opening in the

rubber cork. While the pressure is being applied the

whole mass is removed from the sand bath and im-

mersed in cold water. The plaster is immediatelyremoved and the petrous bone with its attached tube is

placed in 15 per cent. HCl until decalcification is com-

plete. The organic matter can then be washed from

the cast. The sprue interconnecting the labyrinth and

tube is carefully cut across. If desired, the Wood's

metal cast may be plated or invested in plaster and

recast in any of the harder metals, giving a much more

durable preparation.M. WHARTON YOIJNG

DEPARTMENT oF ANATOMY,HOWARD UNIVERSITY

DIOXAN AS A FIXATIVE OF YOLK

DIOXAN has been known from the first publicationof Graupner and Weissbergerl as a very economicaland convenient dehydrating agent. McWhorter and

Weier2 recommended its use as an admixture to the

fixing fluids, Graupner and Weissberger3 gave the

description of a fixative consisting chiefly of dioxan.

Nobody, however, as far as I know has remarked the

8 Ordinary glass tubing or iron pipe one centimeter in

outside diameter is recommended.1 H. Graupner and A. Weissberger, Zool. Anz., 96: 204-

207, 1931.2 F. P. McWhorter and E. Weier, Stain Techn., 11:

107-117, 1936.3 H. Graupner and A. Weissberger, Zool. Anz., 102: 39-

44, 1933.

advantages which result from the fixing of embryonaltissue solely by means of it.

The pieces of tissue to be fixed in dioxan are simplythrown into a container of that liquid, at the bottomof which lies a layer of calcium chloride. Such anarrangement has been devised for the dehydratingtechnique by Graupner and Weissberger.1 Afterlying for a certain time in dioxan, the duration de-pending on the size of the piece of tissue, the ma-terial is transformed to a mixture of dioxan (5 parts),soft paraffin (5 parts) and xylol (1 part), heated to370 C.2 The tissue is then placed in hard paraffin,in which it becomes embedded.

The principal advantage of this method consists inthe fact that any hardening of embedded embryonaltissue is thereby completely avoided. Consequentlythe cutting of the paraffin blocks is considerably facili-tated. As is well known it is rather difficult to cutthe eggs of frogs, as also the young frog embryos.

The pieces of the ripe ovary of Rana esculenta, hav-ing been fixed in dioxan as described above, cut aseasily as blocks of pure paraffin; the same applies tothe young frog embryos. It must be emphasized thatall the histological stains hitherto tried (hematoxylin,eosin, Van Gieson's solution, etc.) have successfullycolored tissues fixed in dioxan. In conclusion it is tobe noted that the use of dioxan for fixing can facilitatemany embryological sections.

H. SZARSKIDEPARTMENT OP COMPARATIVE ANATOMY,JAGELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, KRAK6W, POLAND

BOOKS RECEIVEDActualit6s Scientifiques et Industrielles. 498, The Em-

bryonic Development of Drosophila Melanogaster.513, De Certaines Re'gularites des Changements de la"MatiWre Vivante" Sous 1l'Influence des Facteurs Ex-ternes, Principalement des Rayons X et du Radium.514, Changements des Caracteres He're'ditaires Provo-ques Exp6rimentalement et la Cr&ation de NouvellesRaces Stables, Chez les Levures. 522 and 523, Pro-priete's Pi6zo-Chimiques, Physiques et Biophysiques desUltra-Sons. Hermann & Cie, Paris.

AKISHIGE, YOSHIHARU. Experimentelle Untersuchungeniiber die Struiktur des Wahrnehmungsraumes, II. Pp.118. Juristisch-Literarische Fakultit der KaiserlichenKyushu-Universitiit zu Fukuoka, Japan.

DARLING, F. FRASER. A Herd of Red Deer; A Study inAnimal Behaviour. Pp. x + 215. Oxford. $5.50.

GALLOWAY, L. D. and R. BURGESS. Applied Mycologyand Bacteriology. Pp. ix + 186. Leonard Hill, Lon-don. 10/-.

Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation; Six Year Review, 1930-1986. Pp. 137. The Foundation, New York.

MALLOCH, ARCHIBALD. Short Years; The Life and Let-ters of John Bruce MacCallum, M.D. Pp. xiii+344.Normandie House, Chicago. $3.50.

Memorial Tecnico del Ejercito de Chile. A-no V, No. 20.Pp. 265-412. Instituto Geogr&flco Militar, Santiago,Chile.

MOORE, HILARY B. and others. 7Marine Fauna of the Isleof Man. Pp. 293. University Press of Liverpool.2s, 6d.

SHAND, S. J. Earth-Lore. Pp. viii + 144. Dutton. $1.25.

SCIENCE620

DE E B R 3, 13 C EN E A V R I E E T

Four Important New BooksHunt and Garratt-Wood Preservation

BY GEORGE M. HUNT, In Charge, Section of Wood Preservation, United States Forest Prod-ucts Laboratory, and GEORGE A. GARRATT, Yale University. 443 pages, $5.00

This new book fills a definite need for an up-to-date text and reference book covering the variousaspects of the deterioration of structural forms of wood in service and present-day methods of pro-tection that have proved commercially successful. The authors have assembled the essential infor-mation that has appeared in a wide variety of widely-scattered publications, and, on the basis oftheir experience and intimate knowledge of the subject, have provided an easily accessible andorderly presentation of the fundamental principles.

Stephens-The Elementary Theory of Operational MathematicsBy EUGENE STEPHENS, Washington University. Electrical Engineering Texts. 312 pages,$3.50

The primary purpose of this valuable addition to the literature of applied mathematics is to givethe student a working knowledge of a powerful tool for use in practical or research work in scienceand engineering. The text is a manual of operational procedure which involves: first, the symbol-ization of the operators of the calculus; second, the algebraization of the symbols, their simplifica-tion by means of the laws of algebra; and third, the reinterpretation of the resulting forms as oper-ators, which are then found to be easier to use than the original ones. A large number of problemsis included.

Mon -Light: Principles and ExperimentsBy GEORGE S. MONK, University of Chicago. 477 pages, $5.00

A text and laboratory manual for the advanced study of geometrical and classical physical optics;and the more recent extensions of physical optics which deal with the origin of spectra, the interac-tion of light and material media, and the effects on that interaction of external electric and magneticfields; and the general subject of color and its measurement. A noteworthy feature is the discus-sion of recent progress in colorimetry.

Gray-The Advancing Front of ScienceBy GEORGE W. GRAY. Whittlesey House Publication. 364 pages, $3.00

Here are important developments in our knowledge of the skies, of atoms and molecules, of the livingmatter of cells and tissue-findings which are providing bases for further advances, for reinterpreta-tions, for the new world view of tomorrow. Here is a picture of man embattled against certain un-knowns of his Universe. The story is illuminated with such personal touches, biographical details,and laboratory asides as seem of special interest.

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