Heat to Power

8/13/2019 Heat to Power

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Heat to PowerSafely, Economically

and Efficiently

Global Methane Initiative

Krakow, Poland

October 13, 2011

Audrey Mascarenhas

QUESTOR TECHNOLOGY INC.


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Coal Methane Challenges

Quality and composition of the methane gas

Understanding of the quantity of gases

Variable flow rates and composition overthe life of the project

Availability of end use options

Economics of mitigation1


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Methane Sources

CBM Coal Bed Methane

CMM Coal Mine Methane

AMM Abandoned Mine Methane

VAM Ventilated Air Methane

VAM gas typically has a low methane content (< 1%)

2


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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is 21 timeshigher than that of CO2 and therefore inefficient combustionincreases the greenhouse gases emitted.

For example: 19 mscf/d of waste methane gas generates thefollowing daily CO2 emissions :

T/d T/yr

Vented 7.6 2,775

65% combustion efficiency 3.3 1,205

80% combustion efficiency 2.3 840

100% combustion efficiency 1.0 365

99.99% Efficient combustion converts the methane to CO2 and H2O

3


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Combustion of MethaneCH4 + 2 O2 = heat + CO2 + 2 H2O

Poor combustion results in the creation of:

CH4, CO, particulates

Black carbon

Over 250 compounds

Volatile organic hydrocarbons or VOCs benzene

Sulfur compounds - H2S, carbon disulf ides, mercaptans

Negative impact on air quality, human health and climate

99.99% efficiency requires the right mixture of fuel and air

Methane + Oxygen = heat + Carbon Dioxide + Water

4


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Efficient CombustionWelltesting/Workover Gas processing Acid gas

Italy Crossfield gas plant Clayhurst, Alberta

6


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Coal Mine Venting 5 MMscf/d of methane

Resulting in 736,000 tonnes of CO2e/yr

Incinerating at 99.99% efficiencyeliminates 640,000 tonnes of CO2e

Carbon credits valued at $15/tonne ofCO2e

Annual gross revenue = $ 9.6 million7


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Options for the Energy

Electricity generation

Pipeline distribution

On site heating

Heating of mine ventilation air Town gas

Coal drying

Produced water vaporization

9


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EVAPORATOR

CONDENSER

ORC Power Plant

PUMP

PUMP

QTI-HX-PG

HeatQuestExchanger

HeatQuest Heat to Power

Waste GasIncinerator

TURBINE GENERATOR

Waste gasCombustion

Wastegasesfrom

varioussources

Optional: Excess heatfrom other sources

10


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Technical Advantages

Gas does not have to be cleaned or haveH2S removed

No moving parts - Reduced downtime andmaintenance

Easily accommodates changing flow ratesand composition

Portable skid mounted

Economic12


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Portable Trailerized Units

13


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Oil SandsIn-situ Combustion and SAGD Projects


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0

5

10

15

20

25

3035

40

45

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

20MJ/m3

12MJ/m3

FuelSavin

gs($M

/year)

Annual Operating Cost Savings

Waste Gas Flow Rate (MM scfd)

Waste gas = 4.7 MJ/m3 Fuel Gas Price $3.86 Fuel Gas = 37 MJ/m315


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Conclusions

Improved coal mine safety and productivity

Methane emissions reduced - air quality improved

Replacement of Fossil fuel energy sources with

green energy

Additional revenue generated from the sale of

heat, power and carbon credits

Measurable and cost effective improvement

over existing flaring and venting practices16

Cli
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