Heat Pumps triple dividend: low carbon, energy efficient & renewable

Heat Pumps Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Thomas NowakThe European Heat Pump Association (ehpa)12.2.2009 | Charlemagne | Brussels

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Targets as set by the EU energy package:20-20-20 in 2020

Sources: DG TREN (2008): European Energy and TransportEEA (2007): Annual EC GHG inventory report

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Contribution of heat pumps

• Use only a fraction of final energy to function• Make renewable energy usable• Emit very little GHG emissions compared to traditional

heating systems

• Use local energy source• Reliable & mature technology• Economically efficient and affordable• Fit for decentral energy production:

heat pumps as controllable load

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Energy flow in a heat Pump system

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Energy flow for a 1 year period (useful heat = 100 units)

Energy generation At the dwelling locationUseable Energy

Final Energy

Transfor-mation

Heat Demand

Ton/Year (2) (1)

(4)

(5)

48%

53%

(4)

(5)

(8)

(9)

(1) SP F=3.3 is an assumption based on a wide penetration of HP 's in existing houses

(2) Heat from the air, the water and the ground is inexhaustible & free of charge

(3) Transport impact is neglected but included in GHG emission ratio

(4) Assumption is a P rimary Energy ratio of 2,5 per the "Service Directive" (5) Assumption is the EU-28 (2010) P rimary Energy ratio (P E=2,02) from GEMIS database (Öko Institute)

(6) This calculation does not take into account the RES share of the electricity (conservative)

(7) Assuming annual heat demand is 15.000 kWh, which is a typical for a new 150 m² house for 4 people with 50w/m² heat demand at design temperature

(8) 1946 Kg based on GEMIS version 4.42, dataset "El-kw-park-EU-28-2000" (428 g/kWh) (9) 1669 Kg based on GEMIS version 4.42, dataset "El-kw-park-EU-28-2010" (367 g/kWh)

Heat Pump

System-

SPF= 3,3

Transport

50

100

0

Space Heating

Domestic Hot Water

Heating

Electricity

Heat from the Air,

Water or Ground

(3)

10

5

0

Electricity

100

50

0

Power Plant

PE =2,5

GHG Emissions

Year 2000

Year 2010

Primary Energy

Primary RES Share

(6)(7)

Exhaustible Primary Energy

Transfor-mation

(4), (5)

PE=2,02

RES in final energy =Final energy savings

RES inPrimary energy

GHG savings

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Reduced demand in final energy demand by using renewable energy from air, water, ground (ambient heat)

The renewable part (Erenew) is defined as the difference between the energy demand of the building (Qused) and the final auxiliary energy used to operate the heat pump.

Erenew = Qused *(1 - 1 / Seasonal performance factor)

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Impact on efficiency of heat pump based systems

1. Good unit+controls+fans+pumps (quality label, COP, EN 14511,´ß09875321^Ecodesign)

5. Transparent market(ie labels, informed actors)

EBPD Ecodesign

4. Supportive legislative framework for energy efficient systems

RES

3. Qualified planners/installers (Article 13, RES)

State of the art (Germany, 2008):SPF of 4 for ground-coupled HPSPF of 3,5 for air/water HP

2. Beneficial conditions- high source temperature- low temp. distribution system

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Reduced GHG emissions by using renewable energy from air, water, ground (ambient heat)

The GHG emission is defined by the efficiency of electricity production. When using electricity from entirely green sources, it could be as low as 0!

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Comparision of three heating systemsAssumptions

Gas / gas+solarthermal

Heat pump

Energy demand 15.000kWh 15.000kWh

Conversion efficiency

90% (gas)60% RES contribution from solar thermal

SPF of 4

Upstream losses | eta

10% Eff. of electricity production: 40%

GHG emissions 242g GHG/kWh thermal

411g GHG/kWh** Gemis 4.5: 1) el-kw-park-EU-28-20202) gas-heizung-de-2002(Endenegie)

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Energy flow Fossil Fuel Boilers

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Energy flow for a 1 year period (useful heat = 100 units)

Energy generation At the dwelling locationUseable Energy

Final Energy

Transfor-mation

Heat Demand

Ton/Year (1)

(5)

(6)

(1) Optimistic assumption of 90% efficiency is only valid for new/recent equipment using condensing boiler technology

(2) Transport impact is neglected

(3) Based on primary engergy (P E) factor equal to 1,065 for gas & 1,08 for heating oil (2005). Source: GEMIS version 4.42

(4) Assuming annual heat demand is 15.000 kWh, which is a typical for a new 150 m² house for 4 people with 50w/m² heat demand at design temperature

(5) 6009 Kg based GEMIS version 4.42, dataset "Oël-heizung-de-2002(Endenegie)" (360 g/kWh)

(6) 4042 Kg based GEMIS version 4.42, dataset "Gas-heizung-de-2002(Endenegie)" (242 g/kWh)

Oil/Gas Extraction & Refinery Oil or Gas

Primary RES Share

zero

Primary Energy

Transfor-mation

(3)

GHG Emissions

With Gas

(4)

Fossile Source & Transfor-mation Energy

Transport

50

100

0

Space Heating

Domestic Hot Water

Heating

(2)

Oil or Gas Boiler

Oil or Gas

10

5

0

100

50

0

With Oil

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Energy Flow: Fossil Fuel Boilers + Solar Thermal

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Heat Pumps Best For RES Share & for final energy savings70% RES Share In Final Energy

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Heat Pumps Best For GHG Emissions ReductionMore than 50% reduction

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(*) Assuming annual heat demand of 15.000 kWh, which is typical for a new 150 m² house for 4 people with 50w/m² heat demand at design temperature

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Heat Pumps Best For Primary Energy- significantly less Primary Energy than traditional Boilers

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Heat pumps contribution on the large scaleEHPA full impact scenario

targetHP contribution share

20% final energy reducation

3.135 TWh 831 TWh 26,52%

20% share from RES

2.508 TWh 714 TWh 28,48%

20% GHG emissions reduction 1.124 Mt 221 Mt 19,72%

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

What does it cost?

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Summary

• Heat pumps do contribute a triple dividend to all EU energy savings and GHG reduction goals.

• Improvements in the efficiency of the heat pump system and the efficiency of electricity production increase this potential.

• Improvements in the energy demand of buildings (as of EPBD implementation) improve the applicability of heat pump technology.

• Huge potential of heat pump technology in the renovation and commercial sector.

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Back-up slides

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Share of renewable sources in total electricity use 2020The German opportunity

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Heat Pumps –

Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU

Efficiency vs. cost