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Health Workforce Database, 2016Methodology GuideMonth 20XX

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How to cite this document:Canadian Institute for Health Information. Health Workforce Database, 2016: Methodology Guide. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2017.

Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre Base de données sur la main-d’œuvre de la santé, 2016 : guide méthodologique.ISBN 978-1-77109-662-1 (PDF)

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Table of contentsHealth workforce information at CIHI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Health care providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Data sources and collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Data quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Privacy and confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Regulation status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Population of reference and collection period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Renewal project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Under- and over-coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Inflow and outflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Population estimates and per 100,000 population counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Retention and entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Average age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Urban and rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Health care providers working in direct care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Health regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Health region peer groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Place of Employment groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

International indicator tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Comparability of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Methodological and historical changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Occupational therapist data, 2007 to 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Pharmacist data, 2007 to 2016. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Physiotherapist data, 2007 to 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Aggregate-level data, 2007 to 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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Health Workforce Database, 2016: Methodology Guide

Appendix A: List of health care providers, first year of regulation and regulation status, by jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Appendix B: Population estimates, by jurisdiction, 2007 to 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Appendix C: List of HWDB data providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Appendix D: CIHI data availability by health care provider and by jurisdiction, 2014 to 2016 . . 37

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41


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Health workforce information at CIHIThe Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) collects and reports health human resources data to support federal, provincial and territorial workforce planning and policy development. CIHI collects and reports data on 30 groups of health care providers. For 8 provider groups, data is available at the record level; for the other 22, data is available at the aggregate level. New groups are added as data becomes available.

Record-level collection offers information on the supply, distribution, demographic, education and employment characteristics of health care providers; aggregate-level collection offers information on their supply and demographics. CIHI also collects information on training programs and the number of graduates for each profession.

Information and analyses are available on the Health Workforce pages of our website.

Feedback and questions are welcome at [email protected].

For more information, please contact

Program Lead, Health Workforce InformationCanadian Institute for Health Information495 Richmond Road, Suite 600Ottawa, Ontario K2A 4H6

Phone: 613-241-7860Fax: 613-241-8120Email: [email protected]: www.cihi.ca

https://www.cihi.ca/en/health-workforce



http://www.cihi.ca

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About this documentThis document summarizes the basic concepts, underlying methodologies, strengths and limitations of the data. It provides a better understanding of the health workforce information presented in our analytical products and the ways in which it can be effectively used. This information is particularly important when making comparisons with other data sources and when looking at trends over time.

Health care providersOccupational therapists (OTs) are regulated health care providers who promote health, well-being and quality of life by enabling individuals, families, organizations and communities to participate in occupations that give meaning and purpose to their lives. The concept of occupation refers to “everything that people do during the course of everyday life,”1 such as self-care, play, work, study and leisure. OTs contribute to the productivity of Canadians through client-centred care.

Pharmacists are regarded as the medication management experts of the health care team and collaborate with patients, their families and other health care providers to benefit the health of Canadians. They are health care providers who work in a variety of different settings, such as hospitals, community pharmacies, family health teams, the pharmaceutical industry, governments, associations, colleges and universities.

Physiotherapists (PTs) are regulated, evidence-based, primary health care providers who aim to prevent, assess and treat the impact of injury, disease and/or disorders in movement and function. PTs work to promote optimal mobility; help improve physical activity and overall health and wellness; prevent disease, injury and disability; manage acute and chronic conditions; manage activity limitations and participation restrictions; improve and maintain optimal functional independence and physical performance; rehabilitate injury and the effects of disease or disability; and educate clients and plan maintenance and support programs to prevent reoccurrence, re-injury or functional decline.


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TerminologyThroughout this guide,

• Health Workforce Database (HWDB) refers to the database that stores both record-level and aggregate-level data collected on 30 groups of health care providers in Canada.

• The term supply refers to all registrants who were eligible to practise in the given year (including those employed and those not employed at the time of registration). Note that inactive registrants and secondary registrants or interprovincial duplicates are excluded from the supply.

• The term workforce refers to only those registrants who were employed in the profession at the time of annual registration, including those on leave.

• The term primary employment refers to employment, with an employer or in a self-employed arrangement, that is associated with the highest number of usual weekly hours of work. All workforce data and analyses in this product represent primary employment statistics for the respective health care providers.

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Data sources and collectionData qualityCIHI is founded on the principles of data quality, privacy and confidentiality. Data collection, processing, analysis and dissemination are guided by CIHI’s commitment to publishing high-quality data in a privacy-sensitive manner. Data quality methodologies are used to maximize the accuracy, timeliness, usability and relevance of the health workforce data.

Privacy and confidentialityTo safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of data received by CIHI, guidelines have been developed to govern the publication and release of health information in accordance with provincial and territorial privacy legislation.

Regulation statusWhether a health profession is regulated in a jurisdiction has a significant impact on data collection and the quality of the data. Regulated health professions are governed by a legislative framework, which establishes health regulatory organizations that regulate the professions in the public’s interest. Health regulatory organizations are responsible for ensuring that regulated health care providers provide health services in a safe, professional and ethical manner. Self-regulated health care providers are involved in determining the rules that govern the profession and are accountable for their own behaviour. The regulation status of health professions may impact data comparability and trends. Appendix A lists the first year of regulation and registration status, by jurisdiction, for the 30 groups of health care providers included in this data release.

Data sourcesProvincial, territorial and national associations, regulatory and licensing bodies, and departments of health are the primary providers of supply data (e.g., demographic, employment and geographic characteristics). Provincial, territorial and national associations, regulatory and licensing bodies, individual colleges and universities, and departments of labour and advanced education are the primary providers of education data (e.g., number of seats and graduates).


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Data collectionIn provinces and territories where health professions are regulated or require a licence to practise, official registration with the provincial/territorial regulatory/licensing authority requires the completion of a registration form on an annual basis. In provinces and territories where health professions are not regulated, health care providers often register with their respective national association to obtain an annual membership.

Through agreement with CIHI, OT, pharmacist and PT regulatory/licensing authorities and national associations submit a set of standardized data to CIHI, which is collected using the annual registration forms. Data includes demographic, education/training, geographic and employment characteristics.

Statistics reported by CIHI may differ from those reported by others, even though the source of the data (i.e., annual registration forms) is the same. Differences may be attributed to differences in the population of reference, the collection period and/or CIHI’s data exclusion criteria and editing and processing methodologies.

Population of reference and collection periodCIHI takes steps to adjust the population of reference of the health workforce data to more closely represent the population of interest. To better ensure timeliness, CIHI collects data prior to the end of the registration period, which varies among professions and jurisdictions. A cut-off date for data collection was established through consultation with the HWDB data providers and reflects a point in time when the majority of the registrations have been received for the registration period. Table 1 provides a summary of data collection cut-off dates, as well as the first year of data collection at CIHI, by health care provider group.

Aggregate-level data reflects data as of December 31 of the given year. Since the registration periods vary among health care providers and across jurisdictions, not all data providers can provide data as of December 31 of each year.

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Table 1 Data collection cut-off date by health care provider group

Health care provider group Data collection cut-off dateFirst year of data collection at CIHI

Audiologists March 31 2001

Chiropractors March 31 1988

Dental assistants March 31 2011

Dental hygienists March 31 1988

Dentists March 31 1988

Dietitians March 31 1988

Environmental public health professionals March 31 1999

Genetic counsellors March 31 2011

Health information management professionals March 31 1988

Medical laboratory technologists March 31 2008

Medical physicists March 31 1992

Medical radiation technologists March 31 2008

Midwives March 31 1996

Occupational therapists October 1 2006

Opticians March 31 2011

Optometrists March 31 1988

Paramedics March 31 2011

Pharmacists October 1 2006

Pharmacy technicians March 31 2012

Physician assistants March 31 2013

Physicians n/a 1978

Physiotherapists September 1 2007

Psychologists March 31 1988

Licensed practical nurses 6 months after registration year begins 2002

Registered nurses/nurse practitioners 6 months after registration year begins 1980/2003

Registered psychiatric nurses 6 months after registration year begins 2002

Respiratory therapists March 31 1988

Social workers March 31 1988

Speech–language pathologists March 31 2001

Noten/a: Not applicable.


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Renewal projectStarting in 2015, there was a pause in data collection and reporting for what was previously known as the Health Personnel Database (HPDB), which underwent a renewal project to improve the quality of the data and to streamline the data cycle. Beginning in 2017, aggregate data collection resumed for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 data years using a revised data standard and, in some instances, new data sources. CIHI continues to work with data providers to improve the collection and reporting of data on health care providers.

Under- and over-coverageUnder- and over-coverage occur when there is a difference between the population of reference and the frame. The frame for a data holding is a list of units (i.e., jurisdictions) that will be part of the data collection. The frame is used to determine from whom the data should be collected and what proportion of the data was actually received.

Under-coverage occurs when part of the population of reference is not included in the database.

Over-coverage occurs when duplicates appear in the database or when out-of-scope records (i.e., inactive registrants) are included.

Registration period versus data collection periodWhile setting cut-off dates enables CIHI to release more timely data, the health care providers who register between the cut-off date and the end of the registration period are not included in the HWDB. This is a source of under-coverage.

Voluntary registration dataNational associations submit membership registration data to CIHI for provinces and/or territories where the corresponding profession is unregulated or does not require mandatory registration with the provincial/territorial licensing authorities. Membership registration with a national association is often voluntary; data received from the national associations for these jurisdictions is therefore under-covered.

Health care providers on leaveHealth care providers who are employed in their profession and on leave are included in the population of reference for OTs and PTs. At the time of registration and when options exist, these health care providers may state that they are employed in their profession but take leave during some of the rest of the registration period. Examples of leave are maternity/

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paternity leave, family leave, education leave and leave for short-term illness or injury. While potential over-coverage may exist, the assumption is that health care providers on temporary leave who register as employed in their profession and who provide full employment information (when possible) intend to return to that position when the temporary leave ends.

Data providers and CIHI have made efforts to address over-coverage issues and improve the accuracy of the data. Some of the issues are investigated during the data collection stage and others are investigated during the review process.

Refer to the section Methodological and historical changes for details associated with under- or over-coverage issues.

Secondary registrationsHealth care providers can choose to register simultaneously in multiple jurisdictions. In order to avoid double-counting individuals, CIHI identifies registrations that do not reflect the primary jurisdiction of practice and excludes them when reporting supply or workforce information. Such interjurisdictional duplicates are also known as secondary registrations.

Secondary registrations for record-level data are identified in the HWDB and excluded from reported statistics using the following methodology:

• When the country of residence is a non-Canadian location, the record is deemed to be a secondary registration.

• A comparison is made between the jurisdictions of registration and employment for each record; when they do not match, the record is identified as a secondary registration.

• When the jurisdiction of employment is not stated, a comparison is made between the jurisdictions of registration and residence for each record; when they do not match, the record is flagged and excluded.

• When the jurisdiction of residence is not stated, the jurisdiction of employment is assumed to be the same as the jurisdiction of registration and the record is deemed to be a primary registration.

Sometimes, double-counting a health care provider cannot be avoided. For example, a health care provider who registers and works in more than one province/territory simultaneously would be double-counted in the health workforce data, as the jurisdiction of employment would match the jurisdiction of registration.

The supply of health care providers is defined when the secondary registrations are excluded from active registrations.


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MethodologyInflow and outflowChanges in the supply of health care providers reflect the number of registrants entering (inflows) and the number leaving (outflows) their profession. Analyzing inflows and outflows for record-level data provides better information about how the supply is changing over time.

Inflow occurs when a regulated health care provider registers to practise in a jurisdiction in which she or he did not register the previous year. Inflow is calculated by dividing the number of new registrants — regulated health care providers who were not registered to practise in the same province or territory the year before — by the total number of registrants in the same year. Inflow can include new graduates as well as regulated health care providers who migrate in from other Canadian jurisdictions or foreign countries.

Outflow occurs when a regulated health care provider fails to renew her or his registration in a jurisdiction the following year. Outflow is calculated by dividing the number of registrants who did not renew their licence to practise in the same province or territory by the total number of registrants in the same year. Outflow is influenced by a number of factors, i and these factors will change over time. For those regulated health care providers who are late in their career, failing to renew their registration may be a signal that they have retired. For health care providers who are early in their career, reasons for failing to renew registration could include an employment opportunity in another jurisdiction or country, leaving the profession, parental leave and family responsibilities, or a return to school for additional education.

i. Health workers, like others in the labour force, consider many factors when choosing where to live and work. Factors might include social, political, economic, environmental and familial issues.

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Population estimates and per 100,000 population countsUsing population estimates from Statistics Canada, rates per population can be calculated for health care providers. Appendix B includes Statistics Canada’s population estimates by province and territory for 2007 to 2016.

Retention and entryOne can compare employment information for health care providers from one year to the next and consider their movement between employment settings. For example, if a pharmacist was employed in a hospital setting in 2013 and reported working in that setting again in 2014, the pharmacist would be considered retained. By contrast, if the pharmacist reported working in a community setting in 2014, the pharmacist would then be counted as an exit from the hospital as well as an entry to the community setting.

Several factors can affect the retention of health care providers from one setting to another over time. Examples include contraction/expansion of particular settings, age (e.g., retirement), the preference for a setting (e.g., work–life balance, scheduling) and reclassification (e.g., outpatient clinic from “hospital” to “community”).

Average ageThe average age for a health care provider in a given province/territory and/or Canada is calculated based on the age of the individual health care provider, which is derived from the data elements Birth Year and the current Reporting Year for each record. Records with missing age are excluded from the calculation.

Average age = 1 Agei∑i = 1

n

n

Where

• i = Individual health care provider

• n = Total number of health care providers in a jurisdiction or Canada


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Urban and rural iiA postal code analysis is performed to determine whether a health care provider was practising in a rural or urban setting. The postal code of the workplace is used to conduct this analysis. If the postal code is unknown or invalid, it is defaulted to not collected.

Using Statistics Canada’s Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF), postal codes were assigned to statistical area classifications (SACs) — urban, rural, remote and territories. Urban areas are defined (in part) by Statistics Canada as communities with populations greater than 10,000 people; rural/remote is equated with communities outside the urban boundaries and is referred to as rural and small town (RST) by Statistics Canada.

RST communities are further subdivided by identifying the degree to which they are influenced in terms of social and economic integration with larger urban centres. Metropolitan influenced zone (MIZ) categories disaggregate the RST population into 4 subgroups: strong MIZ, moderate MIZ, weak MIZ and no MIZ.

All categories may be interpreted in the following simple manner:

• Urban: Greater than 10,000 people (SAC type = 1, 2, 3)

• Rural: Strong/moderate MIZ and located relatively close to larger urban centres (SAC type = 4, 5)

• Remote: Weak/no MIZ and distant from large urban centres (SAC type = 6, 7, 8)

The urban and rural analysis for the Northwest Territories and Nunavut was completed differently from the analysis for the provinces and Yukon. Urban areas were identified as postal codes within Yellowknife and Iqaluit, respectively, that would otherwise be labelled rural. Rural areas were identified as postal codes outside of Yellowknife and Iqaluit.

Health care providers working in direct careThe term direct care refers to only those registrants who provided services directly to clients. The methodology for defining health care providers employed in direct care can vary by profession.

For OTs, direct care includes those whose areas of practice are in mental health, neurological system, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory system, digestive/metabolic/endocrine system, general physical health, vocational rehabilitation, palliative care, health promotion and wellness, and other areas of direct service.

ii. Details of the urban/rural classification schemes can be found in McNiven et al.,2 du Plessis et al.3 and CIHI.4

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For pharmacists, direct care includes those whose primary position is staff pharmacist, pharmacy owner/manager, pharmacy manager or institutional leader/coordinator.

For PTs, direct care includes those whose areas of practice are in general practice, sports medicine, burns and wound management, plastics, amputations, orthopedics, rheumatology, vestibular rehabilitation, perineal, oncology, critical care, cardiology, neurology, respirology, health promotion and wellness, palliative care, return to work rehabilitation, ergonomics and other area of direct service.

Health regionsHealth regions are legislated administrative areas defined by provincial ministries of health. These administrative areas represent geographic areas of responsibility for hospital boards or regional health authorities. Health regions, being provincial administrative areas, are subject to change.

The health region data presented in this publication includes only regulated OTs, pharmacists and PTs who work in direct patient care and whose postal code was within the province or territory of analysis; those employed in administration, education or research are excluded from the health region totals.

The postal code data and Statistics Canada’s PCCF were used to assign the regulated OTs, pharmacists and PTs to health regions. The postal code of the workplace was used to conduct this analysis. If the postal code was outside of the province/territory of analysis, the health region was defaulted to outside of jurisdiction.

Health region peer groupsIn order to facilitate comparisons among health regions, Statistics Canada developed a methodology that groups health regions with similar socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics; these are referred to as peer groups. The health region peer groups defined by Statistics Canada are presented in Health Workforce, 2016: Indicators.

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-402-x/2015002/t/tbl09-eng.htm

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-402-x/2015002/t/tbl09-eng.htm


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Place of Employment groupingsIn order to provide comparable data across HWDB professions, groupings for the Place of Employment data element were revised in 2016 for OTs, pharmacists and PTs. Table 2 highlights the updated categories for Place of Employment. Caution is advised when comparing data tables historically.

Table 2 Place of Employment update

Type of provider Prior to 2016 As of 2016Occupational therapists

Hospital General hospital; rehabilitation hospital/facility; mental health hospital/facility

General hospital; rehabilitation hospital/facility; mental health hospital/facility

Community Residential care facility; assisted-living residence; community health centre; visiting agency/business; school or school board

Community health centre; visiting agency/business; group professional practice/clinic; solo professional practice/business; school or school board

Professional practice Group professional practice/clinic; solo professional practice/business

n/a

Long-term care n/a Residential care facility; assisted-living residence

Other Post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; industry, manufacturing and commercial; other employer types not otherwise specified

Post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; industry, manufacturing and commercial; other employer types not otherwise specified

PharmacistsHospital and other health care facility

Rehabilitation facilities; mental health facilities; residential care facilities

Rehabilitation facilities; mental health facilities; residential care facilities

Community pharmacy Retail setting where drugs and related products are distributed primarily through direct contact with clients

n/a

Community n/a Community health centre; community pharmacy; group professional practice/clinic; other community-based pharmacist practice

Health-related industry/manufacturing/commercial

Health-related industry whose focus of activities is not the direct delivery of health care services but rather health-related products, services and/or sales (medical device companies, pharmaceutical companies, insurers, etc.)

n/a

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Type of provider Prior to 2016 As of 2016Pharmacists (cont’d)

Long-term care n/a Grouped with hospital and other health care facilities

Other Other pharmacy; group professional practice/clinic; community health centre; other community-based pharmacist practice; post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; community pharmacy corporate office; other place of employment not otherwise specified

Other pharmacy; post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; health-related industry/manufacturing/commercial; community pharmacy corporate office; other place of employment not otherwise specified

PhysiotherapistsHospital General hospital; rehabilitation hospital/

facility; mental health hospital/facilityGeneral hospital; rehabilitation hospital/facility; mental health hospital/facility

Community Residential care facility; assisted-living residence; community health centre; visiting agency/business; school or school board

Community health centre; visiting agency/business; group professional practice/clinic; solo professional practice/business; school or school board

Professional practice Group professional practice/clinic; solo professional practice/business

n/a

Long-term care n/a Residential care facility; assisted-living residence

Other Post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; industry, manufacturing and commercial; other employer types not otherwise specified

Post-secondary educational institution; association/government/para-governmental; industry, manufacturing and commercial; other employer types not otherwise specified

Noten/a: The category did not exist and/or was changed.


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International indicator tablesIn an effort to improve the usability of Canada’s health workforce statistics for international stakeholders, CIHI has developed a series of health workforce indicators grounded in the work of the World Health Organization’s National Health Workforce Accounts: A Handbook.5 CIHI’s release is focused on indicators identified in Module 1: Active health workforce stock.

Table 3 highlights the health care provider component for the 8 indicators included in CIHI’s release, as well as variations in terminology for the data presented by CIHI. Please see CIHI’s Indicator Library for the detailed methodology for each health workforce indicator.

Table 3 CIHI-reported WHO indicators

Table in Health Workforce, 2016: Indicators Excel file WHO indicatorTable 1: Health care providers employed in direct care per 100,000 population, by type of provider and jurisdiction, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-02: Density of Active Health Workers per 1,000 Population, by Cadre

1-03: Density of Active Health Workers per 1,000 Population by Cadre and at Subnational Level

Table 2: Health care provider supply, by employment status and type of provider, per 100,000 population, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-04: Density of Active Health Workers per 1,000 Population, by Cadre, by Activity Level (Practising, Professionally Active, Licensed to Practice)

Table 3: Ratio of health care providers employed in direct care to supply, by type of provider, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-05: Ratio Between Active and Registered Health Workers, by Cadre

Table 4: Health care providers employed in direct care, by age group, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-07: Percentage of Active Health Workers in Different Age Groups, by Cadre and Sex

Table 5: Health care providers employed in direct care, by country of graduation and type of provider, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-09: Percentage of Active Foreign-Trained Health Workers by Place of Birth (Domestic/Foreign) and by Country of Training

Table 6: Health care providers employed in direct care, by place of work and type of provider, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-11: Percentage of Active Health Workers Employed by Facility Type, by Cadre

Table 7: Health care providers employed in direct care, by health region and jurisdiction, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-12: Density of Active Health Workers in Different Regions (by Regional Typology, by Cadre)

Table 8: Health care providers employed in direct care per 100,000 population, by health region and jurisdiction, for selected provinces/territories, 2007 to 2016

1-12: Density of Active Health Workers in Different Regions (by Regional Typology, by Cadre)

Source World Health Organization. National Health Workforce Accounts: A Handbook. 2016.

http://indicatorlibrary.cihi.ca/display/HSPIL/Indicator+Library?desktop=true

http://who.int/hrh/documents/brief_nhwfa_handbook/en/

20


Comparability of dataMethodological and historical changesMethodological and historical changes to the data have the potential to make it difficult to compare data across time. CIHI and the regulatory authorities are continually striving to improve data quality; therefore, the following information should be considered when making historical comparisons and consulting previous CIHI publications. In all cases, comparisons should be made with caution and in consideration of the methodological and historical changes made. For a complete list of data elements, please review the Health Workforce Database Metadata page on CIHI’s website.

The section below provides information on the data elements that had data quality improvements or changes from data years 2007 to 2016 that may or may not affect comparability. The descriptions are organized by health care provider group, by data availability, and by demographic, education and employment data elements.

In the past, the companion data tables focused primarily on workforce counts. Since 2015, data tables have shifted to a balanced reporting method, where demographic and education data elements are reported for the health workforce supply and employment data elements are reported for the workforce.

Please note that there has been variation in the missing values of certain data elements from 2007 to 2016 among many jurisdictions and across each provider group. Caution is advised when comparing data within this time period. Missing values have been excluded from the percentage calculations in the data tables since 2016.

Starting in 2016, CIHI discontinued record-level data collection for medical laboratory technologists (MLTs) and medical radiation technologists (MRTs) in Canada. Record-level data for MLTs and MRTs is available for data years between 2008 and 2015. Aggregate data is available in Canada’s Health Care Providers: Provincial Profiles, 2007 to 2016 — Data Tables.

https://www.cihi.ca/en/health-workforce-database-metadata


21

Occupational therapist data, 2007 to 2016Data availabilityQuebec

The Ordre des ergothérapeutes du Québec began submitting data in 2011. Quebec data from 2007 to 2010 represents aggregate counts.

Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut

The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) submits voluntary registrations for OTs residing and working in Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. These counts may exclude temporary relief workers who may not have registered with CAOT.

DemographicManitoba: Year of Birth and Sex

Since 2006, the College of Occupational Therapists of Manitoba (COTM) has provided record-level information for Sex and Year of Birth for only those registrants who provided their consent to share this information with CIHI. For registrants who did not consent, the data was submitted as not collected by the COTM. To better reflect the workforce, CIHI has used the aggregate totals for Age Group, Average Age and Sex provided by Manitoba Health.

EmploymentNew Brunswick: Employment Category

New Brunswick data for self-employment in Employment Category is unavailable for all data years.

Quebec: Area of Practice, Employment Category and Postal Code of Employment

Quebec does not report on Area of Practice, Employment Category and Postal Code of Employment for all data years.

Alberta: Employment Category

From 2006 to 2008, the Alberta College of Occupational Therapists did not provide information for the value temporary employee for the data element Employment Category. For these years, temporary employee and casual employee are grouped together.

22


Common issue: Employed and on leave

As of 2015, all jurisdictions collect the value employed, on leave with the exception of Quebec.

Pharmacist data, 2007 to 2016Data availabilityNew Brunswick, Quebec, Manitoba, Yukon and Nunavut

Supply data was acquired from the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) for New Brunswick (2014), Quebec and Nunavut (2007 to 2016), Manitoba (2007 and 2008) and Yukon (2008, 2014 and 2016).

Jurisdictions where data is unavailable

Supply data is acquired from the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities for the missing jurisdictions.


The College of Pharmacists of Manitoba does not provide record-level data for Year of Birth and Sex; however, aggregate data is provided by Manitoba Health.

EducationNewfoundland and Labrador: Year of Graduation

Year of Graduation is unavailable for Newfoundland and Labrador in 2007. As such, the derived variable Years Since Graduation cannot be calculated for that year.

New Brunswick: Year of Graduation

Year of Graduation is unavailable for New Brunswick in 2007, 2008 and 2014. As such, the derived variable Years Since Graduation cannot be calculated for those years.


23

New Brunswick: Location of Graduation

Between 2009 and 2013, the New Brunswick Pharmaceutical Society was unable to differentiate Location of Graduation (Canada and international) for pharmacists in New Brunswick.

Ontario: Education

In 2011, the University of Waterloo had its first graduating cohort since its accreditation.

Manitoba: Year of Graduation

Year of Graduation is unavailable for Manitoba in 2007 and 2008. As such, the derived variable Years Since Graduation cannot be calculated for those years.

EmploymentNewfoundland and Labrador: Employment Status

In 2007, the Newfoundland and Labrador Pharmacy Board did not have Employment Status information. All submitted active registrants were assumed to be employed in the profession.

New Brunswick: Employment Status

In 2007 and 2008, the New Brunswick Pharmaceutical Society (known as the New Brunswick College of Pharmacists since 2014) did not submit Employment Status information. All submitted active registrants were assumed to be employed in the profession.

Ontario: Employment Category

From 2006 to 2009, and from 2011 to 2014, the Ontario College of Pharmacists was unable to accurately identify employment categories. As such, all pharmacists were coded as active permanent employees. In 2010, 2015 and 2016, data for employment categories (temporary employee, casual employee and self-employed) was accurately submitted.

24


Physiotherapist data, 2007 to 2016Data availabilityPrince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Yukon

Data is unavailable for the following jurisdictions and data years: Prince Edward Island, 2014; Nova Scotia, 2007 to 2009; and Yukon, 2008.


The College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba does not provide record-level data for Year of Birth and Sex; however, aggregate data was provided by Manitoba Health.

EmploymentPrince Edward Island: Area of Practice, Full-Time/Part-Time and Sector of Employment

Data for Area of Practice and Sector of Employment is unavailable for Prince Edward Island for 2006 to 2012, 2014 and 2015. Data for Full-Time/Part-Time is also unavailable for 2006 to 2012 and 2014.

Nova Scotia: Employment Category

Data for Employment Category is unavailable for Nova Scotia for all data years.

Quebec: Area of Practice, Employment Category, Employment Status and Sector of Employment

Data for Employment Category and Employment Status is unavailable for Quebec since 2006. Data for Area of Practice and Sector of Employment is also unavailable between 2012 and 2015.

Ontario: Employment Category

In 2011, the College of Physiotherapists of Ontario changed its data collection methodology for all employment data. Caution is advised when comparing historical data.


25

Aggregate-level data, 2007 to 2016CIHI paused aggregate data collection between 2015 and 2017 to review the data collection and reporting tools and processes. In 2017, a revised supply data standard, streamlined data sources and a new data collection template were implemented and used to capture data for the 2014 to 2016 data years.

Prior to 2014, data was collected, processed and reported based on 3 supply counts (registered, active registered, active registered employed). The revised data standard collects only active registered.

For the first time, CIHI is publishing 10-year trends for 30 groups of health care providers in Canada (see Canada’s Health Care Providers: Provincial Profiles, 2007 to 2016 — Data Tables). Due to changes in data collection, caution is advised when comparing the data across all years.

For example, in 2013, 1,300 dental assistants were registered in Saskatchewan. Between 2014 and 2016, the number of dental assistants reported includes only those who were active registered, resulting in the reporting of smaller counts than in previous years (1,132 in 2014; 1,139 in 2015; and 1,162 in 2016).

Unregulated professionsSome health professions are not regulated in some jurisdictions. As a result, the number of health care providers may be under-counted.

Data availabilitySee Appendix D for a detailed breakdown of regulation status and data availability by health care provider group, by jurisdiction. This appendix provides contextual information on why and when data is not available, as well as when there is a true 0 value in certain cases where a health care profession is regulated in the jurisdiction but there are 0 health care providers to report on.

Data on registered psychiatric nurses (RPNs) for the territories includes only Yukon for the years 2009 to 2016 (excluding 2014).

Data on licensed practical nurses (LPNs) for the territories includes Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut only for the years 2011 to 2016.

26


SupplyParamedics

CIHI and paramedic data providers are in the process of reviewing the comparability of supply data and continue to work toward improving data standards and data collection methodologies.

DemographicSex: Female

Where possible, data is included on the proportion of females in a given health profession, by jurisdiction.

EducationMedical radiation technologists: Initial certification discipline

MRT initial certification data from 2007 to 2015 does not add up to the overall MRT counts due to different data collection methodologies; during this period, CIHI collected record-level data. Since 2016, CIHI has collected aggregate-level data for MRTs. Due to the varying data sources, caution is advised when comparing data from 2007 to 2015 with 2016 data.


27

Appendix A: List of health care providers, first year of regulation and regulation status, by jurisdictionHealth care provider group N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Audiologists 2013 NR NR 1987 1964 1994 1961 1992 2002 2010 NR NR NR

Chiropractors 1992 1962 1972 1958 1974 1925 1945 1943 1923 1934 1986 NR NR

Dental assistants 1995 1998 1976 1987 NR NR 2007 1971 1990 1968 NR NR NR

Dental hygienists 1969 1974 1973 1950 1975 1951 1952 1950 1990 1952 1958 1990 1999

Dentists 1893 1891 1891 1890 1869 1867 1883 1906 1906 1886 1958 1988 1999

Dietitians 1965 1994 1998 1988 1956 1994 1982 1958 2000 2004 NR NR NR

Environmental public health professionals

NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Genetic counsellors


Health information management professionals


Licensed practical nurses

1983 1959 1957 1960 1974 1947 1946 1956 1986 1988 1987 1988 2011

Medical laboratory technologists

2012 NR 2004 1992 1973 1994 2007 1996 2002 NR NR NR NR

Medical physicists NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Medical radiation technologists

NR NR 1967 1958 1973 1980 NR 1978 1986 NR NR NR NR

Midwives 2016 NR 2009 2010 1999 1994 2000 2008 1994 1998 NR 2005 2011

Nurse practitioners

1997 2006 2002 2002 2003 1997 2005 2003 2002 2005 2013 2004 2004

Occupational therapists

1987 1976 1972 1997 1973 1993 1971 1971 1990 2000 NR NR NR

Opticians 1982 1974 2005 1976 1973 1991 1953 2011 1965 2010 NR NR NR

Optometrists 1928 1922 1921 1921 1909 1919 1909 1911 1920 1921 1959 1988 1999

Paramedics 2010 1972 2005 2006 2011 1968 1984 2009 2008 1974 NR NR NR

Pharmacists 1910 1905 1876 1884 1875 1871 1878 1911 1911 1891 1986 1953 1999

Pharmacy technicians

2015 2014 2013 2014 NR 2010 2014 NR 2011 2011 NR NR NR

28


Health care provider group N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Physician assistants

NR NR NR 2009 NR NR 1999 2014 NR NR NR NR NR

Physicians 1893 1871 1828 1816 1848 1795 1871 1885 1885 1867 1958 1885 1999

Physiotherapists 1970 1973 1959 1960 1973 1953 1956 1945 1985 1946 2007 NR NR

Psychologists 1988 1991 1981 1967 1962 1960 1966 1997 1960 1977 NR 1988 1999

Registered nurses 1954 1949 1910 1916 1946 1922 1913 1967 1916 1918 1994 1973 1999

Registered psychiatric nurses

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1960 1948 1955 1951 2009 n/a n/a

Respiratory therapists

2012 NR 2007 2009 1985 1991 1981 2008 1988 NR NR NR NR

Social workers 1994 1988 1994 1989 1960 2000 2009 1995 2003 2008 NR 2012 NR

Speech–language pathologists

2013 NR NR 1987 1964 1994 1961 1992 2002 2010 NR NR NR

NotesNR: Not regulated as of 2016. n/a: Not applicable.SourceHealth Workforce Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information.

29


Appendix B: Population estimates, by jurisdiction, 2007 to 2016Year N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun. Canada2007 509,039 137,721 935,071 745,407 7,692,736 12,764,195 1,189,366 1,002,048 3,514,031 4,290,988 32,557 43,374 31,395 32,887,928

2008 511,543 138,764 935,865 746,855 7,761,504 12,882,625 1,197,774 1,017,346 3,595,755 4,349,412 33,088 43,350 31,892 33,245,773

2009 516,729 139,909 938,194 749,954 7,843,475 12,997,687 1,208,589 1,034,782 3,679,092 4,410,679 33,732 43,149 32,600 33,628,571

2010 521,972 141,678 942,073 753,044 7,929,365 13,135,063 1,220,930 1,051,425 3,732,573 4,465,924 34,596 43,278 33,353 34,005,274

2011 525,037 144,038 944,469 755,530 8,007,656 13,263,544 1,233,728 1,066,349 3,790,191 4,499,139 35,402 43,501 34,196 34,342,780

2012 526,895 145,259 944,835 756,836 8,084,768 13,409,558 1,250,406 1,087,223 3,888,552 4,542,578 36,189 43,648 34,729 34,751,476

2013 528,017 145,441 942,930 755,718 8,154,761 13,551,004 1,265,342 1,106,122 4,007,748 4,582,607 36,429 43,884 35,435 35,155,438

2014 529,069 146,162 942,668 754,578 8,214,885 13,677,687 1,280,242 1,122,283 4,120,897 4,638,415 36,990 43,980 36,083 35,543,939

2015 527,756 146,447 943,002 753,871 8,263,600 13,792,052 1,293,378 1,133,637 4,196,457 4,683,139 37,428 44,088 36,919 35,851,774

2016 527,756 146,447 943,002 753,871 8,263,600 13,792,052 1,293,378 1,133,637 4,196,457 4,683,139 37,428 44,088 36,919 35,851,774

Source Statistics Canada. Table 051-0001: Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted). CANSIM (database). Accessed February 18, 2016.

http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=510001

30


Appendix C: List of HWDB data providersAudiologistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Council of Health Professionals

Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, all territories

Speech-Language & Audiology Canada

New Brunswick New Brunswick Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

Quebec Ordre des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec

Ontario College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Ontario

Manitoba College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

Alberta Alberta College of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

British Columbia College of Speech and Hearing Health Professionals of British Columbia

ChiropractorsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Chiropractic Association

Prince Edward Island Council of the Prince Edward Island Chiropractic Association

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Chiropractors

New Brunswick New Brunswick Chiropractors Association

Quebec Ordre des chiropraticiens du Québec

Ontario College of Chiropractors of Ontario

Manitoba Manitoba Chiropractors Association

Saskatchewan Chiropractors’ Association of Saskatchewan

Alberta Alberta College and Association of Chiropractors

British Columbia College of Chiropractors of British Columbia

Yukon Department of Community Services, Government of Yukon

Northwest Territories and Nunavut n/a

Dental assistantsPrince Edward Island Dental Council of Prince Edward Island

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut

Canadian Dental Assistants Association

Quebec Association des assistant(e)s dentaires du Québec


31

Dental hygienists Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Council of Health Professionals

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Dental Hygienists’ Association

Nova Scotia College of Dental Hygienists of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick New Brunswick College of Dental Hygienists

Quebec Ordre des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec

Ontario College of Dental Hygienists of Ontario

Manitoba College of Dental Hygienists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Dental Hygienists Association

Alberta Canadian Dental Hygienists Association

British Columbia College of Dental Hygienists of British Columbia


Northwest Territories Department of Health and Social Services, Government of the Northwest Territories

Nunavut Department of Health, Government of Nunavut

Dentists All provinces Canadian Dental Association




Dietitians Prince Edward Island PEI Dietitians Registration Board

All provinces except Prince Edward Island

Alliance of Canadian Dietetic Regulatory Bodies

All territories Dietitians of Canada

Environmental public health professionalsAll provinces and territories Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors

Genetic counsellors All provinces and territories Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors

Health information management professionalsAll provinces and territories Canadian Health Information Management Association

Licensed practical nursesNewfoundland and Labrador College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Newfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Licensed Practical Nurses Registration Board

Nova Scotia College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick Association of New Brunswick Licensed Practical Nurses

Quebec Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers auxiliaires du Québec

Ontario College of Nurses of Ontario

Manitoba College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Manitoba

32


Licensed practical nurses (cont’d)Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Association of Licensed Practical Nurses

Alberta College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta

British Columbia College of Licensed Practical Nurses of British Columbia



Nunavut n/a

Medical laboratory technologistsAll provinces and territories Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science

Medical physicistsAll provinces Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists

All territories n/a

Medical radiation technologistsNewfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, all territories

Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists

Quebec Ordre des technologues en imagerie médicale, en radio-oncologie et en électrophysiologie médicale du Québec

Ontario College of Medical Radiation Technologists of Ontario

Manitoba Manitoba Association of Medical Radiation Technologists

Alberta Alberta College of Medical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologists

MidwivesNewfoundland and Labrador n/a

Prince Edward Island Canadian Association of Midwives

Nova Scotia Midwifery Regulatory Council of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick Department of Health, Government of New Brunswick

Quebec Ordre des sages-femmes du Québec

Ontario College of Midwives of Ontario

Manitoba College of Midwives of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Midwives

Alberta College of Midwives of Alberta

British Columbia College of Midwives of British Columbia

Yukon Community Midwifery Association of Yukon




33

Occupational therapistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland & Labrador Occupational Therapy Board

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Occupational Therapists Registration Board

Nova Scotia College of Occupational Therapists of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick New Brunswick Association of Occupational Therapists

Quebec Ordre des ergothérapeutes du Québec

Ontario College of Occupational Therapists of Ontario

Manitoba College of Occupational Therapists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Society of Occupational Therapists

Alberta Alberta College of Occupational Therapists

British Columbia College of Occupational Therapists of British Columbia

All territories Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists

OpticiansAll provinces Opticians Association of Canada

All territories n/a

Optometrists All provinces Canadian Association of Optometrists




ParamedicsNewfoundland and Labrador Eastern Health, Newfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island Emergency Medical Services Board, Health PEI

Nova Scotia Emergency Health Services, Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick Paramedic Association of New Brunswick

Quebec Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux, Government of Quebec

Ontario Emergency Health Services Branch, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Government of Ontario

Manitoba Department of Health, Seniors and Active Living, Government of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Paramedics

Alberta Alberta College of Paramedics

British Columbia Emergency Medical Assistants Licensing Board, Ministry of Health, Government of British Columbia

All territories n/a

34


PharmacistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland & Labrador Pharmacy Board

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island College of Pharmacists

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Pharmacists

New Brunswick New Brunswick College of Pharmacists

Quebec National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities

Ontario Ontario College of Pharmacists

Manitoba College of Pharmacists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Pharmacy Professionals

Alberta Alberta College of Pharmacists

British Columbia College of Pharmacists of British Columbia

Yukon Government of Yukon


Nunavut National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities

Pharmacy techniciansAll provinces National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities

All territories n/a

Physician assistantsAll provinces and the Northwest Territories

Canadian Association of Physician Assistants

Yukon and Nunavut n/a

PhysiciansAll provinces and territories Scott’s Medical Database

PhysiotherapistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador College of Physiotherapists

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island College of Physiotherapists

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists

New Brunswick College of Physiotherapists of New Brunswick

Quebec Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec

Ontario College of Physiotherapists of Ontario

Manitoba College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapists

Alberta Physiotherapy Alberta — College + Association

British Columbia College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia


Northwest Territories and Nunavut n/a


35

PsychologistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Psychology Board

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Psychologists Registration Board

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Board of Examiners in Psychology

New Brunswick College of Psychologists of New Brunswick

Quebec Ordre des psychologues du Québec

Ontario College of Psychologists of Ontario

Manitoba Psychological Association of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Psychologists

Alberta College of Alberta Psychologists

British Columbia College of Psychologists of British Columbia

Yukon n/a



Registered nurses/nurse practitionersNewfoundland and Labrador Association of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island Association of Registered Nurses of Prince Edward Island

Nova Scotia College of Registered Nurses of Nova Scotia

New Brunswick Nurses Association of New Brunswick

Quebec Ordre des infirmières et des infirmiers du Québec

Ontario College of Nurses of Ontario

Manitoba College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Registered Nurses’ Association

Alberta College & Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta

British Columbia College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia

Yukon Yukon Registered Nurses Association

Northwest Territories and Nunavut Registered Nurses Association of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut

Registered psychiatric nurses*Manitoba College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Registered Psychiatric Nurses Association of Saskatchewan

Alberta College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Alberta

British Columbia College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of British Columbia


36


Respiratory therapistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Council of Health Professionals

Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, British Columbia, all territories

Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Respiratory Therapists

New Brunswick New Brunswick Association of Respiratory Therapists

Quebec Ordre professionnel des inhalothérapeutes du Québec

Ontario College of Respiratory Therapists of Ontario

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan College of Respiratory Therapists

Alberta College and Association of Respiratory Therapists of Alberta

Social workersNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Association of Social Workers

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Social Work Registration Board

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Yukon, Nunavut

Canadian Association of Social Workers

Manitoba Manitoba College of Social Workers

Alberta Alberta College of Social Workers


Speech–language pathologistsNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Council of Health Professionals

Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, all territories

Speech-Language & Audiology Canada

New Brunswick New Brunswick Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

Quebec Ordre des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec

Ontario College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Ontario

Manitoba College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Manitoba

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

Alberta Alberta College of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

British Columbia College of Speech and Hearing Health Professionals of British Columbia

Note* Registered psychiatric nurses are currently regulated in the 4 Western provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta,

British Columbia) and Yukon.SourceHealth Workforce Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information.

37


Appendix D: CIHI data availability by health care provider and by jurisdiction, 2014 to 2016Health care provider group Year N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Audiologists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Chiropractors 2014 No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No

2015 No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

Dental assistants 2014 No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2015 No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2016 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

Dental hygienists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



Dentists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



Dietitians 2014 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2015 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2016 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

Environmental public health professionals





38

Health care provider group Year N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Genetic counsellors 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No



Health information management professionals

2014 No No No No No No No No No No No No No



Licensed practical nurses




Medical laboratory technologists




Medical physicists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No


Medical radiation technologists




Midwives 2014 No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2015 No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2016 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Occupational therapists




39


Health care provider group Year N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Opticians 2014 No No No No No No No No No No No No No



Optometrists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Paramedics 2014 No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No

2015 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No

2016 No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

Pharmacists 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



Pharmacy technicians 2014 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No

2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No

Physician assistants 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No

2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No

Physicians 2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



Physiotherapists 2014 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No



Psychologists 2014 Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

2015 Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

2016 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No


40

Health care provider group Year N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T. N.W.T. Nun.Registered nurses/nurse practitioners




Registered psychiatric nurses

2014 No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

2015 No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

2016 No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

Respiratory therapists

2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Social workers 2014 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No



Speech–language pathologists

2014 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No



SourceHealth Workforce Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information.


41

References1. Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. Occupational therapy — Definition.

Accessed October 31, 2016.

2. McNiven C, Puderer H, Janes D. Census Metropolitan Area and Census Agglomeration Influenced Zones (MIZ): A Description of the Methodology. 2000.

3. du Plessis V, et al.; Statistics Canada; Clemenson H; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Definitions of rural. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin. November 2001.

4. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Supply and Distribution of Registered Nurses in Rural and Small Town Canada, 2000. 2002.

5. World Health Organization. National Health Workforce Accounts: A Handbook. 2016.

http://www.caot.ca/site/aboutot/whatisot?nav=sidebar

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/92f0138m2000002-eng.pdf

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/92f0138m2000002-eng.pdf

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/21-006-x/21-006-x2001003-eng.pdf

https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/NursingRuralSmallTownCanada2000.pdf

https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/NursingRuralSmallTownCanada2000.pdf

http://who.int/hrh/documents/brief_nhwfa_handbook/en/

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