Health Problems Diabetes Insulin helps glucose enter the body's cells, where it

can be used for energy or stored for future use. What is the problem? Type 1 diabetes happens when the cells in the

pancreas that make insulin are destroyed. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body can't respond to

insulin normally. Possible Symptoms: Frequent urination Thirsty Weight loss

Health Problems Kidney Stones What is the problem?

The buildup of crystallized salts and minerals such as calcium in the urinary tract can block the kidney or ureter.

Possible Symptoms? Abdominal pain

Health Problems Dehydration What is the problem?

The body lacks water and electrolytes (minerals) Possible symptoms

Thirsty

Health Problems Proteinuria What is the problem?

Kidney damage causes protein to be found in the urine

Possible symptoms? Water retention Protein in urine

Solubility

Solubility

Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

The solute (powder) goes in the spaces of the solvent and dissolves.

Some substances never dissolve because it does not fit in the water molecule space. (ex. sand)

Solubility

Substances that can dissolve will fit in the spaces, but there is only so much space…

The solute that does not dissolve is called a PRECIPITATE.

Saturated Solution

UNSATURATED solution: does not contain the maximum amount,

more solute can be added. SATURATED solution:

contains the maximum amount of solute for that amount of solvent

SUPER SATURATED solution: too much solute – a precipitate forms.

Solubility and Temperature Temperature can either decrease

or increase the amount of solute that can be dissolved.

Sugar and salt : as the temperature increases, so does the solubility.

Water molecules are excited so there is more space available for solute to dissolve.

Solubility curve

Solubility and Temperature

For gases, solubility often decreases as temperature increases.

Ex. In the summer, less O2 can dissolve in water which can lead to the death of fish.