He was Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury

Alexander Hamilton

Created a stronger national

government that the Articles of Confederation

U.S. Constitution

Event which convinced

Americans that a stronger

central government was needed.

Shays’ Rebellion

Enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of a free person for both taxation and

representation purposes.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution.

Anti-federalists

Called for a one house legislature with each state

getting one vote. Favored the smaller

states.

New Jersey Plan

A two-house legislature, with

membership of one house based on

population, and the other house with

each state having two members.

The Great Compromise

The United States of America’s first

Constitution which provided for a new central government

under which the states gave up little power.

Articles of Confederation

USA

Father of the Constitution.

Fourth President of the US

James Madison

Called for a two house legislature with both houses based on population. Favored

the larger states.

Virginia Plan

Allowed the president to expel foreigners thought to be dangerous to the country, and allowed citizens to be jailed or

fined for criticizing public officials.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Popular American president from 1829 to 1837 that opened many Southern territories to white settlement because he removed the Indians west of the Mississippi River

Andrew Jackson

When this area was taken over by the United States in 1845, it deeply strained relations between the U.S. and Mexico.

Annexation of Texas

Member of the presidents cabinet that handles the

government’s legal matters

Attorney General

Decisive American victory that made Andrew Jackson a hero, but it took place two weeks after the war had

ended.

Battle of New Orleans

Favored rule by the people, strong state

governments, an alliance with France,

and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Led by

Thomas Jefferson

Democratic-Republicans

Group of electors from each state that meets every four years to vote for the President and Vice-President

Electoral College

The first time power transferred from one

political party to another. John

Adams, a Federalist, handed over power

to Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican.

Election of 1800

Controversial decision where the House of

Representatives made John Quincy Adams president.

The country remained

peaceful despite the controversial

contest

Election of 1824

Supporters of the Constitution. They

favored rule by the wealthy, a strong federal

government, an alliance with Britain, and a

loose interpretation of the Constitution. Led by Alexander

Hamilton

Federalists

Allowed the federal

government to force Native Americans to

move to Indian Territory

(Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi

River.

Indian Removal Act

Approved by the Senate to avoid war with Britain in 1795,

but unpopular because the British were still capturing American ships and still held forts in the

Ohio Valley

Jay Treaty

The right of the Supreme

Court to declare a law

unconstitutional

Judicial Review

Denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts.

First important statements of states

rights theory that said states had the

right to declare a law unconstitutional.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Explored and mapped the Louisiana Territory, and went all the way to the Pacific Ocean. They

helped the U.S. establish claims to

Oregon, and inspired others to go west.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Government has the power to do anything not specifically forbidden to it on the Constitution

Loose Interpretation

Thomas Jefferson

purchased this area from Napoleon

Bonaparte of France for $15 million. This doubled the size of the

United States

Louisiana Purchase

The idea popular in the United

States during the 1800s that the country must

expand its boundaries to the

Pacific.

Manifest Destiny

Supreme Court case which established the precedent of Judicial Review.

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court case which held that the

necessary and proper clause of the

Constitution allows Congress to do more than the Constitution

expressly authorizes it to do.

McCullough v. Maryland

Fueled by the Annexation of Texas and Manifest Destiny, this event added California and the southwest portion of the present day U.S. It ends with Mexico losing half of its territories.

Mexican-American War

Added the provinces of California and

New Mexico to the United States in

1848.

Mexican Cession

Stated that further efforts by European

countries to interfere with

countries in the Americas would be viewed as acts of

aggression requiring U.S. intervention

Monroe Doctrine

Started by Alexander

Hamilton to create an economically strong country.

National Bank

Document that set up a way for territories to become States, and new states would be equal in power to old states. Its guarantee on civil rights would influence the Bill of Rights. Slavery was banned North of the

Ohio River as well.

Northwest Ordinance

Commander of American naval

forces on Lake Erie who defeated the British and said:

“We have met the enemy and they are

ours.”

Oliver Hazzard Perry

A cabinet advisors and two terms as

president

Precedents of George Washington

Member of the president’s

cabinet that is concerned with

the Armed Forces

Secretary of Defense (War)

Member of the president’s cabinet that

handle’s relations with foreign

countries

Secretary of State

Member of the president’s

cabinet that deals with financial

matters

Secretary of the Treasury

Government only has the powers

specifically given to it in the

Constitution

Strict Interpretation

Native American leader who built a powerful Indian Confederacy to

try to stop white movement onto Native American

lands

Tecumseh

Cherokee Indians were forced to march to Indian

Territory in Oklahoma, and thousands died of starvation, frostbite and

disease

Trail of Tears

Started because of the British encouraging

Native American conflicts in the

Northwest Territory and continued British

interference in U.S. shipping. Although

neither side won, many believed America

earned a new respect in the world.

War of 1812

Urged Americans to beware of the divisiveness of

political parties, and warned

people about becoming

entangled in foreign affairs.

Washington’s Farewell Address

Was a tax protest in Pennsylvania in the 1790s during the

presidency of George Washington. Showed that the government would use force to

maintain social order, and citizens must

change laws peacefully though Consitutional

means.

Whiskey Rebellion

Incident in which French agents asked

American ambassadors in Paris

for a bribe

XYZ Affair

Explored modern day Colorado and New

Mexico

Zebulon Pike’s Explorations

Law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the

Northwest Territory and set up standards

for land sale that became precedents. Among them was the idea of selling mile-square sections of

land and the creation of townships

Land Ordinance of 1785