he Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet

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I1. The Screen:

Opening Microsoft@Excelyou are presented with the following default screen:

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2.A workbook initially consists of 16 worksheets. You can delete any unwanted sheets or add extra ones ifneed be. The worksheet consists of a grid of 256 columns (from A to lV) and 16384 rows. Each celloccupies a unique location on the worksheet where information is stored and displayed. This area consistsof:

. Column and Row headingso Horizontal and Vertical scroll bars. Tab scrolling bar? The Work sheet name on a tab

:

The MENU BAR is at the top of the workspace. lt consists of 9 pull down menus.

The SCROLL BARS allow you to navigate upwards, downwards and sideways through the worksheet.

The MOUSE POINTER is in the shape of an arrow. lt changes shape to an l-beam when you move it to theformula bar. The I'beain allows you to edit the information written in the formula bar. Tire mouse pointu,.changes shape also when you move it on the bottom right hand side corner of a cell to allow for dragging.

The fORl4-!l!A iAB displays the name and the information entered in the cell. This information can be:ni:red directly in the formul: bar or in the cell itseif. The informatlcn entereC can either be recorde.l L-.,iclickingi oii th: f;nt*:'i:uiioi: o: refuieC by clicking the ilancel Lrutio,r.

Cancel button Enter buttonJJ

=SUM(E4:E1

Function.^.I lnformation entered in the cell

3. Entering DataTo enter data, you must first select a ce.ll by positioning the mouse pointer inside the cell and clicking the leftbutton. The data you type inside the cell appears also inside the formula bar.

DatctWe will be dealing with the following types of data:

CI. NUMBERSb. TEXTc. FORMULAS

q, NUMBERS:

b. TEXT:

FORMULAS:

Any entry whose first Character is ( . , - + or any digit will be interpreted as being anumber.Note that if you want to type a number as text (e.g. a telephone number) you must typethis in between inverted commas:e.9. "2214 94"

Any entry whose first character is alphabetical.

A formula is an expression which uses the data in a cell or different cellsA formula always starts with an equal sign:

i;n;;tUM(Al:A7) is a formula which sums the contents of the data entered in cens A1

Clcaring datoTo clear the data from a cell or a group of cells, first select the area to be cleared and press theDELETE button.

for calculations.

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FORMULAEII

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m$"al, statisticaland other information can be obtained from the data entered direcfly by using'

All formutae start with an equal sign. lf the equal sign is omitted Excel s interprets the characters as text.

The following are examples of the type of data you can include in formulae:

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lbeginningofaformuta. 1./ LI Function name I l_comma

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= srDEV(FtF14)

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b. Operators:

+ Addition

Subtraction

I Division

* Multiplication

ofIO Percentage

A Exponentiation

Equal

Greater than

=Revenue - Expenses

Less than

)= Greater than or equal to

(= Less than or equal to

Not equalto

c. Frecedencg of mathenlatical operations:tr yo 5 performs the operations in the followingorder:

5. theYou can widen a column, say A, ffie of the following methods:o dragging the dividing line between-B and C;o double clicking the dividing tine between B and C;

' ryll down the Fgrmat menu (click on the word Fgrmat on the menu bar), select theGolumn Width option and gpe the required widih.

6. Saving:ln order to save your work pull down the Flle menu, select save As... and type a name for your file in the FileName information box. Click on the Ot< button.

ln order to save your work on the floppy disc the same procedure is applied but you have to click orithe pulldown arrow in the save !n ... information box at the top and setect the 3{ Floppy (A): option before saving.Click on the OK button.

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tramiliarising oneself with the spreadsheet.

Excrcise I: Building urr a table

ln this activity the following skills are covered:r Entering data (text, numbers, formulae) in cells;. Dragging (copy and paste);. Selecting (highlighting) a range of ceils;. Using the borders bufton;

Type the following table:

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i, Shopping List Shop A Shop B

2..+ Bread 0.15 0.13

3 Tomatoes 0.20 0.24

4 Ham 0.35 0.40

5i Cheese 0.28 0.28

s:

Findinq the totals:1. ln cell A6 type Totals.2. ln cell BG [ype =sum(82:B5)

3. Select cell G6 and click on the AutoSum button.contents of cell range C2:C5. Note the formulasame formula syntax as in step 2.

This button adds the

=SUM(C2:C5) - the

Selectinq a ranqe of cells:1. Click the left mouse button in cell A1.

with the left mouse button still pressed, drag to cell 96. (All the cells,except the cellyou started with, i.e. A1, are highlighted black - this meansthat thecell range 41:86'ts selected)

2. Click on the arrow of the border button. Select the Borders button to addborders to your table.

3' lf you like you can arso colour your table using the Fiil and the FontColour buttons.

B2:B5 means the rangefrom cell 82 to cell 85.

rttrs:fJl,l.:z-t{!l.j';; liThe AutoSum button

ffiThe borders button

The Fill & Font Colour buttonr

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{-r-ASKS: Mathematical solutions through the spreadsh

Task 1: :+ Generating Even and Odd Numbers

Type Number in cell 44,

, Even in cell 84

, Odd in cell C4

ln cellA5 enter 1.ln cell46 $pe =A5+1 and enter.Select cell A6 and copy and paste down (see adjacent note).

ln cell 85 type =2*A5.Copy and paste down. This gives the EVEN numbers.

ln cellG5 type =2*A5-1.Copy and paste down. This gives the ODD numbers.

5. Enter the formula to get:i) 7 x numbers

ii) 3x Evennumbers

Try to find different number patternsformula.

Each time give a description of the sequence and its

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2.

3.

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6. Select the cell range filled up and use theappropriate borders round the cells

Borders button to draw

Number Even odd1 2 1

2 4 33 6 54 8 7E

1C o

6 12 117 14 13I 16 15I 1B 17

10 20 1911 22 2112 24 2313 2e )E

14 28 2715 30 2916 32 3117 34 3318 oo 3519 3t 372C 4C 39

Save your work, giving it the name.of Task 1. (S* ttt"-" f,' S;

To copy and paste downselect the cell whose formulayou want to copy. position themouse pointer at the lowerright hand corner of the cell.The mouse pointer changes toa cross hair (+;. Hold leftmouse button and drag down.

Note that although celt A6shows the value 2 thefunction of this cell, shown inthe formula bar, is =,A,5+1.

The Borders button:Select from the variousoptions of borders bY

clicking on the arrow.