ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 4 íƇvñ÷J 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

K.V. Rao, Visakhapatnam

Q: ú£ôÂ, Ú¨ÙC ú£÷«-û¦-ô¢–-Ú¥õ í£ë¯õ usage òÅ˶ë¯-õìªþ¼ë¯--ô¢-éÙÞ¥ N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª.

1. (A person's) Temperament & Disposition2. (Law) argument & Contention3. (Commence) Deal & Bargain & Negotiate4. Over a period of time & At some point of

time. 5. Line up & Queue up6. Distinct (from) & different (from)A: 1) Temperament is the nature of a person or

an animal which affects their nature per-manently. It is the mental, physical andemotional characteristics of a person.Disposition, on the other hand, is themood and attitude of a person.

2) An argument is much broader than a con-tention. An argument is a set of opinionsexpressed on a certain topic. A contention,on the other hand, is a single point that youseriously argue about.

eg: a) There was an argument between thetwo. This means that they discussedseveral points relating to the topic.

b) His contention was that they were notclever, whereas his friend contended thatthey were very clever.

3) A deal is an agreement reached between twoor more persons. Eg: They entered into a deal according to

which one of them will supply goods to theother. Bargain, on the other hand, is some-thing that somebody offers at a lower pricethan its true value. Though the bike’s pricewas Rs 50,000/- he bargained and got it fora lower price. Negotiate means, a formaldiscussion among two or more people aboutat the end of which they may or maynot reach an agreement.

4) Over a period of time = after thepassage of some time. eg: Over a period of time he grew

into a very efficient manager. At some point of time = at a partic-ular point of time, say at a particulartime, day, etc. eg: At some point of time, he agreed

to what his elders asked him to do. 5) Line-up = a group of people assembled to

form a team. eg: A number of changes areexpected in the line-up of the team for thenext week’s game.

H Queue up, on the other hand means, a num-ber of people standing in a line to get some-thing. eg: They queued up for the film tick-ets.

6) Distinct = Clear, noticeable. eg: There is a distinct smell of sweetsmelling flowers here.

H Different = not the same. eg: She wears a different dress every day.

1. Resent = Feel angry because you havebeen ill treated s÷ªìÚÛª ú£·ôjì vð§÷³ÜuÙ Ï÷y-ì-í£±pè[ª ÷ªìÚÛª ÚÛL¸Þ ÚÁí£Ùz.eg: He resented his being treated as an

unimportant guest. H Resent X Like / pleased sÏù£d-í£-è[åÙ / ú£ÙêÁ-

ù£-í£-è[åÙzeg: He was very pleased at being treated

with respect. 2. Flourish = Prosper / succeed / grow well

sÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄ-ö˺ڨ ô¦÷è[Ùzeg: The crop flourished in favourable

weather. H Flourish X Fail sNíÆ£-õ-÷ª-÷è[Ùz

eg: The crop failed due to unfavourableweather conditions.

3. Elated = Extremely happy sÍNªêŸ ú£ÙêÁ-ù£ÙêÁ ÑÙè[åÙzeg: He felt elated on hearing the news of

his success in the elections H Elated X Depressed sEô¢ª-ê¦q-ÙêÁ ÑÙè[åÙz

eg: He was depressed on hearing the newsof his failure in the exam.

4. Venomous = Poisonous sNù£-í£²-J-êŸ-îμªiìzeg: Bitten by a venomous snake, he died

H Venomous X Innocuous / Harmless sE-ÚÛô¢Ù Ú¥Fzeg: Some snakes are harmless / innocuous.

5. Spurious = False / Not being what itappears to be sìÚ¨Mzeg: This substance is spurious

H Spurious X Genuine. eg: He is genuine about his helping you.

In some of our last lessons we have seenthe present tense and the past tense forms ofthe verb. Now we are going to see the futuretense forms (òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hE êμL-›íN). Future tensetalks of what might happen in the future. (Ðtense òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ áô¢-Þœ-ò˺-ó¶ªC êμõª-í£±-꟪ÙC.) Thefuture tense forms begin usually with ‘Shall’and ‘Will’. a) Shall is used with ‘I’ and ‘we’, and ‘will’ is

used with you, he, she, it and they to indi-cate indefinite future.

eg: I/ we shall go there the next week (not cer-tain / definite – may or may not go) He/ she/ it and they will go there the next

week (not certain again – may or may not go)However, in the present day English, the

difference between ‘Shall’ and ‘Will’ is gradu-ally disappearing. ‘Will’ is used with all sub-jects to indicate indefinite future and determi-nation. b) ‘Will’ is used with I and we to indicate

determination sEô¢góŸªÙz, intention sÑë¶ÌøŒÙz,and promise s÷«å Ï÷yè[Ùz.

eg: a) I will go there tomorrow (determina-tion) sîμüŒx-æ°-EÚ¨ Eô¢g-ô³Ù-àŸª-ÚÛª-û¦oìªz.

b) We will buy a car soon (intention) sêŸyô¢ö˺û¶

Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•Ùæ°Ù ÷³ n Ñë¶ÌøŒÙzc) I / we will help you in the matter (promise)

sÐ Nù£-óŸªÙö˺ û¶ìª/ ÷³ FÚÛª/ OªÚÛª êŸí£pÚÛú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶þ§hÙ n ÷«å Ï÷yè[Ùz

Important: ‘Will’ is never used in questionswith I, and we to ask questions sví£øŒo-õ-è[-Þœ-æ°-EÚ¨I, we õêÁ will î¦è[Ùz.c) ‘Shall’ with I and we expresses feelings and

emotions s÷ªì ÷ªûÁ-òÅ°-î¦-õìª êμL›íÙ-ë]ªÚÛª I, weõêÁ shall î¦è[ê¦Ùz.

i) I shall thank you if you help me. sû¦ÚÛªþ§óŸªÙ ඛúh FÚÛª ÚÛ”êŸá‘êŸõª êμõª-í£±-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ìªz

ii) We shall feel happy if he comes heretomorrow. sÍêŸìª ¸ôí£± ÏÚÛ\è[ÚÛª ÷›úh ÷³ú£ÙêÁ-ù£-í£-è[ê¦Ùz

d) ‘Shall’ is used with you, he, she, it and theyexpresses orders, and duties. sÎá‘õª, NëÅ]ªõªêμL›íÙ-ë]ªÚÛª you, he, she, it and they êÁ shallî¦è[ê¦Ùz

i) He shall be here tomorrow morning (order- Îá‘z.

ii) You shall finish the work by tomorrowevening (order - Îá‘z

iii) They shall stay in the office from 10 to 5(Duty – NCÅ)

iv) You shall sit here till 5 (duty – NCÅz÷ªJÚ•Eo N÷ô¦õª ÷à¶a î¦ô¢Ù

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

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Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

S. Sahrudai

Q: Sir, this is a student studying 10th class. Sir, can youplease tell me some basic idioms and their meaningswhich will help us in our board examination?

A: I do not know the set of idioms you may be asked inthe exam. There are a good number of idioms inEnglish. Study the English text book thoroughly, andyou will find a number of idioms there. Send them tome and I will explain their meanings with examples.

Zohan Saleem Khan, Warangal

Q: Sir, please clarify the following doubts

He told me that he had been to Shimla / I met himafter he had been to Shimla – Is this right?

A: 1) He told me that he had been to Shimla – this is cor-rect = he told me that he had gone to Shimla andreturned.

2) I met him after he had been to Shimla – also correct =I met him after he had returned from Shimla.

- M. Suresan

Writer

Grammar & Usage

He is very obstinate about..

Shankar SrilekhaQ: Dear sir, please explain the follow-

ing words in Telugu with exam-ples.

1) abnegate 2) gust 3) obstinate 4) assiduous 5) emaciateA: 1) Reject something valuable sNõª-

î�μjì ë¯Eo ÷ë]ªõªÚÁ÷è[Ù/ Aô¢-ú£\-JÙ-àŸè[Ùz eg: Rama abnegated thethrone to keep his father’s word.

2) A sudden strong blowing of windsÑìo-åªdÙè… OචNí£-K-êŸ-îμªiì Þ¥Lz eg: A stronggust of wind blew away his umbrella.

3) Stubborn sîμ³Ùè…Þ¥ ÑÙè[åÙ n ÏêŸ-ô¢ªõ ÷«åìªNì-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ùz eg: He is very obstinate aboutnot paying the money.

4) Industrious / hard working sò°Þ¥ vøŒNªÙàŸè[Ùzeg: He is very assiduous in studies.

5) Lean and weak, especially because ofhunger. eg: After a prolonged illness he wasemaciated.

Ashwin, GunturQ: Sir I want to know the one word substitu-

tion for the Telugu word cóŸ³ë]ÌÄvð§Aí£CÚÛìe inEnglish. I also want to know the meaning ofthe word "INTUITION" in Telugu.Thanking you.

A: 1) On a war footing. 2) Knowing somethingwith the help of your feelings rather thanfacts s÷ªìÚÛª Ñìo-åªdÙè… êŸç˶d Îö˺-àŸ-ìõªz.

Sagar, Sec'bad.Q: Sir, in school we will conduct ptm (parent

teacher meetings) regularly. As a classteacher most of the times am confusingwhile talking with parents. But we have tocontinue to talk in English only. Please givesome suggestion on this.

A: Whether right or wrong, continue to speakin English. The more you speak a languagethe better can you speak it. Watch Englishmovies on the TV. You can thus improveyour English.

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ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 11 íƇvñ÷J 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

‘Will’ is being used with...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

B. Yogeswari Q: Sir, I can speak English but not fluently. I have doubts

on grammar words like - had going, has going, was,had to. So how to be perfect in that grammar and I did-n't have much idea about punctuations also. Could youplease give me suggestions?

A: Had going, and has going are not correct expressions.They are wrong. You can say Had been going / hasbeen going. Was = being in the past. Had to =Something you were forced to do in the past.

Suggestions: Read the English newspaper regularly forhalf an hour to forty five minutes. Watch English newstelecasts regularly. Watch as well English movies. This isthe best way to improve your English communication.

Pediredla KanakaraoQ: What is modular transaction? Please explain.A: Modular means a unit/ a course of study which you

choose as your option. Modular transaction = Buyingor selling a module, that is, a unit. This is a technicalterm, which cannot be explained here.

In the last lesson we have seen the use of thefuture simple tense. We have seen that thistense is used to talk about the happenings inthe future – both definite and indefinite sÚÛ#aêŸ-îμªiìN, ÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ENz.Remember: Shall with I/ we, and will withyou, he, she it and they indicate indefinitefuture sÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥E òÅ¡N-ù£u꟪hz, whereas, willwith I and we indicates determinationsEøŒaóŸªÙz, intention sÑë¶ÌøŒÙz and promise s÷«åÏ÷yè[Ùz. Similarly, shall with you, he, she itand they indicates command sÎá‘z, duty sNCÅzand necessity sÍ÷-ú£ô¢Ùz.

Shall be + ing with I and we, and will be +ing with you, he, she, it and they talk about acontinuous action in the future. eg: I / we shallbe going to Mumbai next week. (a continuousaction in the future, but not certain – ÷à¶a-î¦ô¢ÙÍêŸìª ÷³Ùñô³ îμüŒ‰h-û¦oè[ª.

eg: He/ she/ it/ they will be coming here intwo days. (A continuous action in thefuture again, but not certain – ÍêŸè[ª /Îîμª/ ÍC / î¦üŒ‰x ·ôÙè[ª ôÁVö˺x ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ÷ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª.z

Íô¢–-îμªiÙC ÚÛë¯: I and We êÁ shall be + ing, you,he, she, it, and they êÁ will be + ing î¦è…ê¶ ÍÙêŸÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ª-óŸªÙö˺

Ú•ìþ§Þœª-꟫Ùè˶ àŸô¢uìª êμL-óŸª-â˶-ú£ªhÙC.However, has been explained in these

columns, whether for definite or indefiniteactions, ‘Will’ is being used with all subjects toindicate certain / uncertain future. Íô³ê¶ ÞœêŸ-î¦ô¢Ù ú£Ù#-ÚÛö˺ àμí‡p-ì-åªdÞ¥ Ïí£pæ¨ ÎÙÞœxÙö˺,ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ áJ¸Þ àŸô¢u-õÚÛª Þ¥F, ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥E àŸô¢u-õÚÛªÞ¥F ÍEo subject õêÁ ‘will’ î¦è˶-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª. ‘Shall’î¦è[ÚÛÙ, ÍÙêŸ ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ö˶ë]ª.THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: theforms of the verb in this tense: Will have +Past participle (V3) / shall have + past partici-ple (V3). This talks about an action likely tohave been completed by sometime in future.Ð future perfect tense ìª òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ª-óŸªÙö˺ í£²ô¢hô³ ÑÙåªÙC Íìª-ÚÛªû¶ àŸô¢uÚÛª î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.eg: a) I / we will have reached Chennai by this

time tomorrow. s¸ôíˆð§-æ¨Ú¨ û¶ìª/ ÷³àμûμjo à¶J ÑÙæ°/ ÑÙæ°Ù. ÍÙç˶ ¸ôíˆ ú£÷ª-óŸ«-EÚ¨ û¶ìª/ ٠àμûμjo à¶ô¢è[Ù í£²ô¢h-÷±-꟪ÙC.z

b) He/ she/ it (the bus)/ they will have left forMumbai by this time tomorrow. sÍêŸìª/Îîμª/ ÍC sÎ ñúà z ¸ôíˆ ú£÷ª-óŸ«-EÚ¨ ÷³Ùñ-ô³Ú¨ñóŸª-õª-ë¶J ÑÙæ°è[ª/ ÑÙåªÙC/ ÑÙæ°ô¢ªz

c) If this film is released, he will have com-pleted his 100th movie. sÐ ú‡E÷« Nè[ª-ë]-öËμjê¶,ÍêŸè[ª êŸì ÷ÙëÁ ú‡E-÷«ìª í£²Jh à¶ú‡ ÑÙæ°è[ª.z

d) By this time next year, she will have com-pleted her B. Tech. s÷à¶a ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù Ðû¦-æ¨Ú¨Îîμª êŸì B. Tech ÚÁô¢ªqìª í£²Jh-à¶ú‡ ÑÙåªÙC.z.

DEo future perfect tense ÍÙæ°Ù.Ïí£±pè[ª future perfect continuous tense ìª

àŸ«ë¯ÌÙ. Ð tense òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ª-óŸªÙö˺ Ú•ì-þ§-Þœª-꟫Ùè˶ àŸô¢uìª (an action likely to be contin-uing at some point of time in future) êμõª-í£±-꟪ÙC.eg: a) She will have been flying to Delhi by

this time tomorrow. s¸ôíˆð§-æ¨Ú¨ Îîμª CMxN÷«-ìÙö˺ ví£óŸ«-é¨ú£«h ÑÙåªÙC.z

b) By this time next year he will have beenbuilding his home in Vijayawada. s÷à¶a ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù Ð ð§æ¨Ú¨ ÍêŸìª Ná-óŸª-î¦-è[ö˺ Ïõªx ÚÛè[ªêŸ«ÑÙæ°è[ªz

c) They will have been studying this project bythis time next month. sÐ vð§âËμÚÛªdìª ÷à¶a ûμõÐð§-æ¨Ú¨ î¦üŒ‰x í£J-Q-Lú£«h ÑÙæ°ô¢ª.z ÏO tenseõìª ÞœªJÙ# N÷-ô¦õª. ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ ÏN à¦ö°÷³ÜuÙ. ÷ªSx ÖÚÛ-þ§J Þœªô¢ªh- à¶-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙë¯Ù:

1) Am/ is/ are – Ïí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ, vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ÑÙè[åÙ, Óí£±pè[« ÑÙè[åÙ. I/ we/ you/ they êÁgo, he/ she/ it êÁ goes vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þí£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.

2) I êÁ am + ing, he/ she/ it êÁ is + ing, we/ you/they êÁ are + ing – Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õìªêμõª-í£±-ê¦ô³. Íô³ê¶ í£E áJ¸Þ ú£÷ªóŸ«EoÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ àμGê¶, ÏN òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ áJ¸Þ í£ìª-õìªêμõª-í£±-ê¦ô³. eg: He is coming here tomorrow.sÍêŸè[ª ¸ôí‡-ÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ÷ú£ªh-û¦oè[ª n ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥z. Theyare leaving for Delhi next week sî¦üŒ‰x ÷à¶a-î¦ô¢Ù CMx îμüŒ‰h-û¦oô¢ª n ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥.z

3) I/ we/ you/ they êÁ Have + V3 (PP), he/she/ it êÁ has + V3 (PP) – ÷´è[ª ô¢Ú¥õ í£ìª-õìª êμõª-í£±-ê¦ô³: i) ÞœêŸÙö˺ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ àμí£p-ì-í£±pè[ª áJ¸Þ í£E, ii) ÞœêŸÙ ìªÙ# Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛª Ú•ì-þ§-Tì í£E iii) just / just now Íìo í£ë¯-õìªî¦è…ê¶, Ïí£±p-è…-í£±pè˶ áJ-Tì í£EE êμõª-í£±-ê¦ô³.

4) Ð we/ you/ they have been + ing, he/ she/it has been + ing, Ú•ÙêŸ-Ú¥õÙ Ú¨Ùë] vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡îμªi,ÏÙÚ¥ Ú•ì-þ§-Þœª-꟪ìo í£EE êμõª-í£±-ê¦ô³.

eg: I/ we/ you/ they have been singing for thepast half an hour. He/ she/ it has beensinging for the past half an hour. sÍô¢-ÞœÙ-åÞ¥ð§è[ªêŸ« Ñû¦oìª/ Ñû¦oè[ª/ ÑÙC/ Ñû¦oô¢ªz šíj÷Fo present tense forms. ÏÚÛ past tense

forms: Was/ were – ÖÚÛô¢ª/ ÖÚÛæ¨ Íô³ê¶ was,ÖÚÛJ ÚÛÙç˶/ ÖÚÛæ¨ ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\î�μjê¶ were = ÞœêŸÙö˺ÑÙè[åÙ. I/ he/ she/ it was here yesterday ÍêŸìª/Îîμª/ ÍC Eìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª/ ÑÙC.

We / you sìª÷±y/ Oªô¢ªz / they sî¦üŒ‰x/ ÍNzwere here yesterday (÷³/ ÷ªìÙ/ ìª÷±y/Oªô¢ª/ î¦üŒ‰x/ ÍN Eìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oô¢ª/ Ñû¦oô³z

ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì í£ìª-õìª êμL-›íÙ-ë]ªÚÛª, past tenseforms (V2) ìª î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍEo subject õÚÛª Ðpast tense form î¦è[ê¦Ù.

He came here yesterday sÍêŸè[ª Eìo ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨÷à¦aè[ªz. – ÍEo subject õÚÛª came î¦è[ê¦Ù.

I / he /she / it êÁ was + ing, we / you / theyêÁ were + ing – ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ú•ì-þ§-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛªî¦è[ê¦Ù.a) When I met him yesterday, he/ she was

going home. sû¶ì-êŸ-è…E ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-ìo-í£±pè[ª ÍêŸè[ªÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îμüŒŠh Ñû¦oè[ª.z

b) When we met them yesterday they weregoing home. sEìo ٠î¦üŒxìª ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-ìo-í£±pè[ªî¦üŒ‰x ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îμüŒŠh Ñû¦oô¢ª.z

NªÞœê¦ N÷-ô¦õª ÷à¶a î¦ô¢Ù.

- M. Suresan

Writer

978

Grammar & Usage

Zohan Saleem Khan, WarangalQ: I will be waiting on / in the ground floor -

Please say correct or not.A: I will be waiting on the ground floor - cor-

rect. Q: î¦üŒ‰x ÏÚÛ\è… ìªÙ# î�μü°hô¢ª - please translate

into English.A: They will go from here. Q: A: My curry was tomatoes

B: So mine is (now she is having food) - isthis above conversation correct?

A: My curry was tomatoes = I ate tomatocurry. My curry was tomatoes - so is mine.- This is correct.

Q: We are reviewing/ watching the pro-gramme - please let's know the right one.

A: Both the sentences are correct, with differ-ent meanings.

H We are reviewing = we are examining thegood and bad points of the programme.

H We are watching the programme = we arenow witnessing the programme.

Malan Shereen Imran, Kothagudem

Q: ÍêŸ-è…E àŸ«ú‡ Îîμª Ó÷-ô¢-ìª-ÚÛªÙC? – Who didshe think on seeing him? – Is this correctsir?

A: Who did she think he was? – This is thecorrect way to say it. Who did she think onseeing him – Wrong. Who did she think hewas on seeing him? – Correct.

1. Incense = i) A gun burnt for sweet smellsduring festivals (ÞœªT_õÙ/ þ§Ùvò°é¨). Alsosweet smelling sticks burnt on sacred occa-sions like festivals, etc. sÍÞœ-ô¢ª-÷-꟪hõªz.

eg: During festivals we burn incense and lightincense sticks (í£Ùè[-Þœ-õ-í£±pè[ª þ§Ùvò°é¨ ÚÛ膓õªîμL-Tþ§hÙ.)

H Incense X Stink (give out a bad smell (ÚÛÙí£±Ú•ådè[Ù.) eg: The whole place was stinkingwith dead animals.

ii) Make a person angry sÖÚÛ-JÚ¨ ÚÁí£Ù êμí‡pÙ-àŸè[Ùí£Ùè[Þœõí£±pè[ªz.

eg: He incensed his father by not following hisadvice.

H Incense X calm down (ø‹ÙêŸ-í£-ô¢-àŸè[Ù). eg: Hecalmed down his father by following hisadvice.

2. Resolute = Determined / decided sÚÛ”êŸ EøŒa-óŸªÙêÁ Ñìoz. eg: He is resolute about starting a business.

H Resolute X Wavering (Unable to decide –ÒT-ú£-ö°-è[åÙz.

eg: He was wavering whether to take up thejob or not.

3. Feeble = Weak (ñõ--ìîμªiìz. eg: Because of his ill health, he was speak-

ing in a feeble voice. H Feeble X Strong / robust. eg: She enjoys strong / robust health, and is

energetic. 4. Crippled = Lame / having a deformity

(ÚÛªÙæ¨/ NÚÛ-ö°Ù-Þœªõª). eg: He had an accident which resulted in his

becoming permanently crippled. H Crippled X Fit. (ÍÙÞœ-î�μj-ÚÛõuÙ ö˶E)

eg: He is fit enough to walk any distance.

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

VOCABULARY

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 18 íƇvñ÷J 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Nagendra, Nellore, Srinu SaibabaQ: Sir, please change this sentence in Passive voice:

''Why is your son not doing homework?"A: Why is the homework not being done by your son?

A.MadhuQ: Sir, I read English newspapers regularly to improve my

communication, but I feel the language is too formal tospeak. Then I started watching English movies but I amunable to follow their American slang. So please sug-gest me some books or any other methods through

which I could improve my English communicationwhile speaking in casual/ Informal discussions.

A: Keep reading the English newspapers though the lan-guage is formal. Read short story books in English andcontinue watching English movies. All English movieshave sub-titles in English, and you gain a lot of knowl-edge by reading them. As far as possible speak inEnglish to people who know English. Practice speak-ing English and it will certainly improve your commu-nication skills.

We have seen the uses of tenses. Tensesin English are very important unlike in Telugu.The more you know about them the better willyou be able to speak. Now let us look at thefollowing:

Remember the uses of do, does and did.‘Do’ is used with I, we, you and they with ‘not’and in questions. I/ we/ you/ they õìª notêÁÞ¥F, questions õö˺ Þ¥F î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª do + IDW Í÷±-꟪ÙCzeg: a) I/ We/ You/ They go there every day X

(negative – with ‘not) I/ We/ You/ Theydo not go there every day.

Q: Do I/ we/ you/ they go there every day? /When do I go there? Where do I go? Etc. ‘Does’ is used with he/ she/ it with ‘not’

and in questions. (He /she / it õìª not êÁ Þ¥F,ví£øŒoö˺x Þ¥F î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª ‘does’ ÷ú£ªhÙCzb) He/ she/ it (the train) goes there once a week

X He/ she/ it does not go there once a weekQ: Does he/ she/ it (the train) go there once a

week?/ When does he/ she/ it go there?/Where does he/ she/ it go there? Etc. (Pasttense form ÍÙç˶ V3 E not êÁÞ¥F, questionsö˺ Þ¥F î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª, did + present tense (V1)÷ú£ªhÙC n DEo ÍEo subjects êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ùz.

c) I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it went there yes-terday X I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they did notgo there yesterday.

Q: Did I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they go thereyesterday? / When did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/she/ it go there? Where did I/ we/ you/ they/he/ she/ it go there? Etc. (Did ÍEo ú£òËμb-ÚÛªd-õêÁî¦è[ê¦Ù – I / we / you / he / she / it and they êÁ)So you see that when the Ist Doing Word

(go, sing, walk, talk, etc. – with I/ we/ you/they) is used with ‘not’ and in questions, weget ‘do’ extra, when the IInd Doing Word(goes, sings, walks, talks, etc – with he/ she/ it)is used with ‘not’ and in questions we get

‘does’ extra and when we use the Past Doingword (went, sang, walked, talked, etc) with‘not’ and in questions we get ‘did’ extra.

Remember too that when the IInd DoingWord used with ‘not’ and in questions, we getdoes + Ist Doing Word, and when the PastDoing Word is used with ‘not’ and in ques-tions, we get did + Ist Doing Word. eg: Go (with not and in questions) = do go;

‘goes’ (with not and in questions) = doesgo and when the Past Doing Word (withnot and in questions) = did go. This shouldbe remembered clearly. Practice the use of do, does and did thor-

oughly. ÍC êμõª-í£±-꟪ÙC, Oª ÎÙÞœx ví£A-òÅ¡ìª. ÐÚ¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨E ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ ô¦óŸªÙè…. 1) ìª÷y-ÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ôÁW îμü°hî¦? 2) ÓÙë]ª-Ú•-þ§hè[ª î¦è…ÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ví£A ôÁV? 3) ìª÷±y Eìo ú‡E-÷«ÚÛª îμü°xî¦? 4) Óí£±pè[ª Ú•û¦o÷± ìªî¦y òËμjÚÂìª? 5) ð»ë]ªÌû¶o ÔÙ à¶þ§h÷± ìª÷±y ví£A ôÁV? 6) FÚÛª ÎÙÞœxÙ ò°Þ¥ ÷à¦a? 7) î¦è[ª FÚÛª þ§óŸªÙ à¶þ§hè¯? 8) î¦èËμÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÷à¦aè[ª Eìo ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨? 9) Ó÷-J-à¦aô¢ª FÚÛª Íìª-÷ªA? 10) ìª÷±y Óí£±pè[ª ñóŸª-ö˶Ì-ô¢-ê¦÷± ÚÛü°-ø‹-õÚÛª ví£A

ôÁV? Key

1) Do you go there every day? 2) Why does he come here every day? 3) Did you go to a movie yesterday? 4) When did you buy the bike? 5) What do you do every morning? 6) Do you know English well? 7) Does he help you? 8) Why did he come here yesterday? 9) Who gave you the permission? 10) When do you start for college every day?

979Grammar & Usage

VOCABULARY

QUESTIONSNEGATIVE (WITH ‘NOT’)

1) He did not meet me yester-day.

2) She does not sing well.

3) They so not know the truth.

4) He did not go to a movieyesterday.

5) They do not do it every day.

6) He does not speak verygood English.

7) They did not think he was agood man.

8) We believe he does notknow anything.

9) They did not ask me for myadvice.

10) I did not met him the daybefore.

Did he meet you yesterday? When did he meet you? Wheredid he meet you? Etc.

Does she sing well?/ How does she sing?/ When does shesing?/ Where does she sing? Etc.

Do they know the truth?/ How do they know the truth? Whydo they know the truth? Etc.

Did he go to a movie yesterday? Where did he go yesterday?/ When did he go to a movie? etc.

Do they do it every day?/When do they do it? Why do they doit every day? Etc.

Does he speak very good English?/ How well does he speakEnglish? Etc.

Did they think he was a good man?/ What did they think ofhim?/ Why do they think he was a good man?, Etc.

Do you believe he knows everything? Why do you believe heknows everything? How do you believe he knows everything?Etc.

Did they ask you for your advice?/ Why did they ask you foryour advice?/ When did they ask you for your advice? Etc.

Did I/you meet him the day before / When did you meet him?/Where did you meet him? Etc.

Exercise

Change the following sentences into negatives(with ‘not’) and into questions. You canchange them into any type of questions: 1) He met me yesterday 2) She sings very well 3) They know the truth

4) He went to a movie yesterday 5) They do it every day 6) He speaks very good English 7) They thought he was a good man 8) We believe he knows everything 9) They asked me for my advice 10) I met him the day before.

KEY

1. Quell = Put an end to something, especial-ly by use of force sñö°Eo Ñí£-óμ«-TÙ#ë¶ûμjoû¦ ÍÙêŸÙ à¶óŸªè[Ùz.

eg: The police were called in to quell theunrest sÍø‹ÙAz in the streets.

Quell X Incite s·ôàŸa-Þ•-ådè[Ùz.eg: The opposition parties incited the people

to rise against the government. 2. Defer = Postpone something until a later

time sî¦ô³ë¯ î¶óŸªè[Ùz.eg: As the committee could not take a deci-

sion on the matter, they deferred the mat-ter for the time being sví£ú£ªh-ê¦-EÚ¨ î¦ô³ë¯î¶ø‹ô¢ªz

Defer X Advance / Expedite (speed up)s÷³Ùë]ªÚÛª Bú£ªÚÛª ô¦÷è[Ùzeg: They advanced the meeting to this week-

end. 3. Ecstasy = Extreme happiness sêŸìt-óŸªêŸyÙ

ÚÛL-TÙචú£ÙêÁù£Ùz.eg: She was filled with ecstasy as her father

agreed to her marriage with the man sheloved.

Ecstasy X Misery së]ªlÜÙ, ò°ëÅ]z.eg: She was filled with misery on hearing the

death of her close friend.

They advanced the meeting to..

Aaryan JQ: Sir please explain the difference among the

modal verbs (Have to, Should, Must, Oughtto, Supposed to, Need to).

A: Should = must = have to = sêŸí£p-E-ú£-JÞ¥à¶óŸ«Lq ô¦÷è[Ùz Something you do 1) fol-lowing an order sÎá‘ìª ð§æ¨Ù-àŸè[Ùz, 2) as aduty sNCÅÞ¥ à¶óŸªè[Ùz and 3) as a necessitysÍ÷-ú£-ô¢ÙÞ¥ à¶óŸªè[Ùz. eg: 1) a) You should /must / have to do it (duty n NCÅz.

b) You should / must / have to stay at officefrom 10 AM to 5 PM (order n Îá‘z.

c) I should / must / have to start immediately orI will miss the train (necessity n à¶óŸ«-LqìÍ÷-ú£ô¢Ùz

Supposed to = Expected to or required tosà¶óŸ«-õE Ó÷-·ôjû¦ Íìª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù, ö˶ÚÛªÙç˶ NCÅÞ¥à¶óŸªè[Ùz. You are supposed to (expected to)help him. You were supposed to be here at six= you are required to be (order / duty) here at 6. Need to = It is necessary for you to do some-thing sîμü°x-Lqì Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù ÑÙCz. I need to go homeimmediately as my guest will be waiting forme. - M. Suresan

Writer

Vivek Boda

Q: Sir I have the following doubts please clarify.

He was born - is it passive form? How? Apassive construction should be in the form

of be form + V3.

A: ‘Born’ here is a past participle (V3)used as an adjective. There is noactive voice for it.

Q: What's the difference between thesetwo sentences? Please clarify.

1. I am gone.2. I have gone.

A: Usually we don’t use, ‘I am gone’ – whenyou are gone, who do you tell you aregone? Is/ are/ was/ were, etc + gone is usedwith other subjects than ‘I’. It is usage(î¦è[ªÚÛ), so we cannot find fault with it. ‘Ihave gone’ is wrong too. When you havegone away, who do you tell that you havegone. The proper way of saying it is, I havegone there / to some place.

Q: What are the passive forms of i) Ishall be going - shall be being gone.ii) We shall have gone - shall havebeen gone. Are these sentences cor-rectly changed?

A: Verbs like go are intransitive verbs,that is, verbs without objects. Put the ques-tions whom / what to ‘go’ and you don’t get theanswer. Except in orders / questions / requests,intransitive verbs have no passive voice.

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 25 íƇvñ÷J 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Manideep Latchupatla

Q: Hi sir, could you translate me the following intoTelugu?

1. Lyon could not have bowled it better.

2. They could not have asked for a worst possible start.

3. I could not have asked for much more.

4. Things could not have been easier for Arya.

5. It could not have come at a better time to nip a flourish-ing partnership in the bud.

A: 1) õóŸªû ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶ îμªô¢ªÞ¥_ ò®öËÀ à¶óŸªÞœL¸Þ î¦è[ª Ú¥ë]ª sÍCÍêŸE ÑêŸh÷ªîμªiì ò®LÙÞÂz

2) î¦üŒ‰x ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶ Íëůyìîμªiì vð§ô¢ÙòÅ°Eo Íè[ޜޜLT ÑÙè˶î¦üŒ‰xÚ¥ë]ª sÍÙç˶ ÍEoÙæ¨ÚÛÙç˶ Íëůyìîμªiì vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ùz

3) ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶ û¶ìª ÓÚÛª\÷ Íè[ޜޜL¸Þ î¦è…E Ú¥ë]ª sÍC û¶ìª Íè…Tìî¦åEoÙæ¨ö˺ ÓÚÛª\÷z

4) Îô¢uÚÛª Nù£óŸ«õª ÍÙêŸÚÛìo ú£ªõòÅ¡îμªiìN Ú¥÷±. sÍN ÍêŸuÙêŸú£ªõòÅ¡îμªiìNz

5) ÍGÅ÷”CÌÄ àμÙë]ªêŸªìo òÅ°Þœþ§y÷«uEo ÍÙêŸÙ à¶óŸªåÙ ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶÷ªÙ# ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺ ô¦ë]ª.

In the last lesson we have learnt the uses ofdo, does and did. Unlike in Telugu, in Englishthe order of words in a question is differentfrom the order of a statement. ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ ÖÚÛNù£óŸªÙ àμ›íp î¦Ú¥uEÚ©, ví£øŒoÚÛ«, ÷«åõ ÷ô¢ªú£ö˺à¦ö° ê¶è¯ ÑÙåªÙC.

Look at the following: Karthik comes hereevery day. This is a statement sÏC ÖÚÛNù£óŸ«Eo àμ›íp î¦ÚÛuÙz. Look at the order ofwords in the statement sDEö˺ ÷«åõ ÷ô¢ªú£àŸ«è[Ùè…z: Karthik (subject) + comes (Verb).So, the order of words in the statement is:Subject (sub) + Verb. ÍÙç˶ ÖÚÛ Nù£óŸªÙ àμ›ípî¦ÚÛuÙö˺ subject ÷³Ùë]ª, Verb êŸô¦yêŸ ÷þ§hô³. a) Now look at the order of words in a ques-

tion: Is he your friend? The order of words here : Verb + Subject

b) Now look at the next question and the orderof words in it: Does he come here everyday?

Order of words in this question: HelpingVerb + Sub + Main Verb. (When there aretwo or more words in a verb, the first verb iscalled the Helping Verb - in this question it is‘does’, and the other word is called the mainverb – in this question, the main verb is‘come’. ·ôÙè[ª ÍÙêŸ ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ÷«åõªìo verbö˺ îμ³ë]æ¨ ÷«åìª Helping verb ÍÙæ°Ù, ÎêŸô¦yêŸ ÑÙè˶ ÷«åìª Þ¥F, ÷«åõìª Þ¥F mainverb ÍÙæ°Ù. ÏC êŸí£pÚÛ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ.z

These two questions (a) and (b) are Non-wh questions, that is, they don’t begin with thewords, what, when, who, whose, whom, howand why. Though ‘why’ and ‘how’ do notbegin with ‘Wh’ let us call them ‘wh’ wordstoo. We usually use these words for askingquestions. There are, however, questionswhich begin with ‘Wh’ words too: Let us lookat them:

c) Where were you yesterday? Look at the order of words here: Where

(‘wh’ word) + were (verb) + you (Sub)d) Where did he go?

Here, the order of words is: Where (‘Wh’word) + did (helping verb) + he (sub) + go?(main verb) Also remember: The answers to ‘Non-wh’questions is yes or no. But the answers to ‘Wh’questions is always a statement. eg: 1) Are they coming today? Answer: Yes

(they are). No (They are not)The answer to ‘wh’ question is always a

statement. eg: a) When are they coming? Answer: They

are coming tomorrow. b) What are theydoing? Ans: They are studying.

H àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛë¯? ‘Wh’ ÷«åö˶E ví£øŒoõÚÛª, yes /no ÍE ú£÷«ëůìÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ú¥F ‘Wh’ ques-tions ÚÛª áî¦ñª Óí£±pè[« ÖÚÛ î¦ÚÛuÙ.

H Whether a question is a ‘Non-wh’ questionor ‘Wh’ question, the IMPORTANT POINTto remember is: the verb always comesbefore the subject, or the subject comes inbetween the helping verb and the main verb.This is very important in English. sÍÙç˶÷ªìÙ ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ. ÖÚÛví£øŒoö˺ ‘wh’ ÷«å Ñû¦o, ö˶ÚÛð¼ô³û¦ ÍÙç˶ ÍC‘wh’ question Íô³û¦, Ú¥ÚÛð¼ô³û¦, VerbÓí£±pè[« subject ÚÛª ÷³Ùë]ªÞ¥F, ö˶ÚÛªÙç˶Helping verb ÚÛª main verb ÚÛª ÷ªëÅ]uö˺ûμjû¦subject ÷ú£ªhÙC. ÏC English ö˺ ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥Þœªô¢ªhšíåªdÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙz

Let us look at the order of words questionsonce again: a) Verb + Subjectb) Helping verb + Subject + main verbc) ‘Wh’ word + verb + subject d) ‘Wh’ word + helping verb + subject + main

verb.

This is very important in English. Alwaysremember the difference between the state-ment word order and the question word order.Now ask questions to get the followinganswers: 1. Yes, they are coming today. 2. They are going to America next week. 3. No, they do not help me. 4. My friends are coming tomorrow because

tomorrow is my birth day. 5. No, they didn’t help me at all. 6. They know him because he is their class-

mate.7. Yes, Kavitha and Rohini are my mother’s

friends. 8. They help me because I helped them in the

past. 9. Yes, I do / I understand10. I spent the last evening watching the TV.

Key 1) Are they coming today? 2) When are they going to America? 3) Do they help you? 4) Why are your friends coming? 5) Did they help you? 6) How do they know him? 7) Are Kavitha and Rohini your mother’s

friends? 8) Why do they help you? 9) Do you understand Hindi? 10) How did you spend last evening?

Practice asking questions in English.Remember once again the question wordorder:

980

Grammar & Usage

VOCABULARY1. Immunity = Protection against a disease

(by some substances in the blood - î¦uCÅEôÁëÅ]ÚÛ øŒÚ¨hz

eg: He is quite healthy and is immune to anydisease

H Immunity X Susceptible (= easily fallingill = ú£ªõòÅ¡ÙÞ¥ ôÁÞ¥õ ò°Jì í£è˶î¦üŒ‰x.z

eg: She lacks resistance and is easily falls ill.

2. Drought (pronounced drout) = A periodwithout rain s÷ô¦{òÅ°÷Ùz.

eg: The country suffered from severedrought last year, and the crops dried up.

H Drought X Flood / abundance of rains÷ô¢ë]õª / ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ÷ô¦{õª ô¦÷è[Ùz

eg: The year before last we had abundance ofrain, and all the rivers were in floods.

3. Wither = Dry up sÓÙè…ð¼÷è[Ùz. eg: The crops all withered due to the drought

last year.

H Wither X Flourish sÍGÅ÷”CÌÄ àμÙë]è[Ù/ ò°Þ¥í£Ùè[åÙz. eg: Because of timely rains thecrops flourished the year before last andwe had abundance of grain.

4. Scalp = The skin that covers the upper partof our head under the hair sVåªd îμ³Lච÷ªìêŸõ šíjòÅ°ÞœÙz / defeated / punisheds×è…ÙàŸè[Ù/ P¤¨ÙàŸè[Ùz.

eg: In the past some tribes used to removethe scalp of a person and eat the brains.

H Scalp (with the meaning of defeated / pun-ished) X Win. eg: The Indian team scalpedthe South African team.

5. Mandatory = compulsory sêŸí£p-E-ú£-JÞ¥à¶óŸ«-Lqìz. eg: It is mandatory for everycitizen to pay taxes if their income isabove a certain level.

H Mandatory X Optional sÕ#aÄÚÛÙzeg: It is optional for you to take the exam or

not.

The answer to ‘wh’ question is..

- M. Suresan

Writer

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

NON-WhQUESTIONSVerb + Subject Helping Verb+ Subject +Main Verb

Wh QUESTIONS‘Wh’ word + Verb +Subject‘Wh’word + Helping Verb+ Subject + Main Verb