HCERES evaluation of CSNSM IMNC Laboratoires de la vallée

HCERES evaluation of Laboratoires de la vallée d’ rsay

Neutrino Physics Speaker : A. Giuliani On behalf of the neutrino physics group

CSNSM IMNC

IPNO LAL LPT

15 january 2019

SuperNEMO SoLid CUPID-Mo

The physics cases

15/01/2019 HCERES evaluation – Neutrino Physics 2

Neutrinos have shown to be an essential probe of new physics beyond the Standard Model

Very successful description of oscillation phenomena with a three flavor / mass state model

Neutrinos mix and at least two states are massive

Great success but many open questions: Why lepton mixing is so different from quark mixing? Is the mass ordering normal or inverted? What is the value of the phase δ in UPMNS? → CP violation What is the ν mass scale? Why are neutrinos so light? Are neutrinos equal to antineutrinos? (Majorana/Dirac)

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β)

Long-baseline neutrino oscillations

The physics cases


Beyond the three-state model: Are there other massive neutrino states? Are there non-standard neutrino interactions? Does neutrino have a magnetic moment?

Search for sterile neutrinos

Detection and study of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENNS)

In the laboratories of the Orsay’s valley, there are projects – well-established or under discussion – which address most of the unknowns in neutrino phsyics.

List of experiments/activities and laboratories


SuperNEMO (LAL)

CUPID (CSNSM, LAL)

SoLid (LAL)

XENON (0ν2β) (LAL)

Established activities in Orsay:

Starting or future activities in Orsay:

DUNE (LAL, IPNO)

RICOCHET (CSNSM)

JUNO (LAL)

LiquidO R&D (LAL)

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) Neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana?)

Neutrino mass scale

Sterile neutrinos Non-standard neutrino properties

CP violation (phase δ in UPMNS)

Mass ordering: sign of ∆m322

Precision measurements of UPMNS and weak-interaction parameters

Supernova- and geo-neutrinos

Human resources (2014 – 2018)


7 PhD theses defended 6 PhD theses started 9.2 PostDoc × y

TOTAL staff: 62.2 FTE × y C/EC: 26.6 FTE × y ITA: 35.6 FTE × y

SuperNEMO*+CUPID**+SoLid

* * LUMINEU+CUORE+ CUPID-Mo+CROSS

* NEMO-3 + SuperNEMO demonstrator

Breakdown per activity Staff

10 PhD students in total (5 Women + 5 Men)

Financial support (2014 – 2018)


885 k€ (average 177 k€/y) of which: 623 k€: Equipment / Consumables 262 k€: Missions (∼ 4.2 k€ / (FTE y) )

TOTAL: Main funding sources: SuperNEMO: IN2P3 – LAL CUPID: ANR (LUMINEU, CLYMENE) – ERC (CROSS) – CSNSM SoLid: LAL – IN2P3 – ANR (SoLid)

SuperNEMO+CUPID+SoLid Breakdown per activity

Publications and conferences (2014 – 2018)


Articles in refereed journals

SuperNEMO CUPID SoLid

SuperNEMO: 13

13

31

3 Articles in conference proceedings

45

47

5 presentations at GDR neutrino

Presentations in international conferences

16 oral presentations (5 invited reviews on 0ν2β) 10 posters

Prizes, Honors and ERC


Mathieu Bongrand (LAL): médaille de bronze CNRS in 2014

Laurent Simard (LAL): member of IUF Junior during 2013-2018

Andrea Giuliani (CSNSM): ERC Advanced Grant 2016 CROSS – Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity Fedor Danevich (KINR-Kyiv): Senior Chaire d’Excellence « Jean

d’Alembert » (Université Paris-Saclay) at CSNSM

Teaching activities + Outreach


University course lectures: • mathématiques en L3/Magistère 1ère année de physique fondamentale • option techniques expérimentales à l'agrégation • electromagnétisme en classe préparatoire l'Essouriau/Paris Sud de 2015 à 2018 • préparation à l'épreuve de TIPE en classe préparatoire l'Essouriau/Paris Sud de 2015 à 2018 • Travaux pratiques de L1 de physique nucléaire de 2011 à 2014 Erasmus and stages • Three Erasmus-program stages have been performed in collaboration with foreign Universities • Two L3 stages (2014) Schools and training • école d’été TES-HEP de 2012-2014 • école de Gif sur la physique des neutrinos à basse énergie en 2016 • Rencontres de l’infiniment grand à l’infiniment petit en 2017 • training entitled "Du détecteur à la mesure" of IN2P3: Détecteurs bolométriques refroidis: principes et applications : 2013 – 2015 – 2018 • school Détection de Rayonnement à Très Basse Température, Aussois, 2018 Outreach Participation to « la fête de la science », construction and operation of a cloud chamber (LAL, 2017)

Scientific achievements (2013 - 2018)


Achievements – NEMO -SuperNEMO


Main isotope : 100Mo, 34.3 kg.y : T1/2(0ν2β) > 1.1 1024 y (90% CL) <mν> < [0.33-0.62] eV No event in [3.2-10] MeV for 47 kg.y -> promising for 96Zr, 150Nd

Search for exotic processes : 0ν4β, Lorentz violation, bosonic neutrino…

Searching for 0ν2β Precise measurement of the full kinematics of the 2ν2β : test of nuclear models

SuperNEMO demonstrator Half-detector (tracker, calorimeter)

Commissioning : 1st half 2017

Closure of the detector : November 2018

NEMO-3

Phys. Rev. B 89 (2014) 111101 Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 072011 [Editor’s sugg.] Eur. Phys. J. C. (2018) 78:821 Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 012007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 062504 Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 072003 [Editor’s sugg.] Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 041801 [Editor’s sugg.] Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 112008 [cover picture]

Achievements – CUPID


Reject α’s (main background source in CUORE) by detecting the feeble Cherenkov light emitted by β’s → α’s are below the Cherenkov threshold (LSM)

Phys. Rev. C 97, 032501(R) (2018)

Light-heat scatter plot

Cherenkov-light detection in TeO2 bolometers (CUPID-Te)

CUPID-0

Limit: T0ν1/2[82Se] > 2.4×2024 y

(the best ever achieved on 82Se)

PRL 120, 232502 (2018)

Pilot experiment with ZnSe scintillating bolometers to study

0ν2β of 82Se (LNGS, Italy)

Succesful development of the Li2100MoO4 technology to search for 0ν2β of 100Mo

In May 2018, the CUORE collaboration selects the Li2100MoO4

technology as a baseline for the next-generation 0ν2β search CUPID

LUMINEU – CUPID-Mo

Prototypes and CUPID-Mo demonstrator (LSM)

EPJC 77, 785 (2017) [cover picture]

Achievements – SoLid


Demonstrated neutron PID

Proved background rejection thanks to the fine segmentation (5 cm)

Search for sterile neutrino at BR2 reactor with a 288 kg target prototype

5.5 m from 60 MW nuclear core

Anti-neutrinos detected through inverse beta decay (IBD)

2018 J. Inst. 13 P05005

Energy resolution 20 % @ 1 MeV

SM1 prototype

1600 kg – 12800 PVT cubes 2 6LiFZnS/cube - 3200 fibers + SiPMs

Phase 1 detector: construction and characterization

LY > 60 PE/MeV Energy resolution 12 %

Very good uniformity Energy linearity behaviour confirmed

Compton edge 22Na spectrum

Neutron detection efficiency > 65 %

First IBD-like events Detector installed at BR2

in November 2017 Commissioning end of 2017

Stable running since April 2018

Reactor ON-OFF transition for IBD-like

Project (2018 – 2023 and

longer term future)


CUPID


Baseline option for CUPID: Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometers (see Achievements) 130TeO2 Cherenkov bolometers → viable backup solution (see Achievement )

CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID) is a proposed 0ν2β bolometric experiment exploiting the CUORE infrastructure (LNGS) and with a background 100 times lower at the ROI

CUPID « pre-collaboration » ∼150 physicists/engineers

7 countries (Italy, US, France,…) Leading roles from CSNSM/LAL

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Demonstrators CDR

(under writing) TDR

Enrichment Crystallization Construction

Stop CUORE

CUPID Phase 1 ∼100 kg 100Mo

CUPID Phase 2 ∼300 kg 100Mo

Sensitivity to Majorana neutrino mass: 7 – 19 meV

Next general CUPID meeting: LAL, 6-7 March 2019

Uniquely favorable position when compared to other next-generation searches

Infrastructure exists + detector R&D completed

SoLid


Experiment goals: - Baseline 6-9 m - Thermal power 60 MWth - Detector dimensions 0.8x0.8x2.5 m3

- Detector mass 1600 kg - Energy resolution 14 % @ 1 MeV - IBD efficiency 30 % - Signal to background 3:1 - Background spectrum taken from SM1

Reactor anomaly best fit can be excluded in 1 year

3 years of data taking to reach target sensitivity

5 reactor ON cycles already on tape for 2018

Measurement of 235U antineutrino

energy spectrum for Reactor shape anomaly

Results by Summer

Longer term after SoLid: interest in LiquidO R&D or joining JUNO experiment

XENON


0νββ of 136Xe

• Very good energy resolution for scintillator based experiments (1.5% σ)

Background dominated by 228Th from materials and 214Bi from 222Rn

XENON Preliminary

XENON Preliminary

XENON Preliminary

Main research topic: Dark Matter

International collaboration with US leadership Experiment in LNGS

DUNE


Mechanical implication for the design and the installation of the 240 « chimneys » of the dual phase module of DUNE. Interest : possibility to change the front-end electronics without contaminating the liquid Argon Design studies in 2019 Prototype built at LAL in Spring 2019 Contribution to the writing of the TDR : mid- 2019 Installation of the chimneys at Nusag in 2024 Start of data taking in 2026 : CP violation in the ν sector, ν mass hierarchy, ν from supernovae, proton decay… Possible participation to the data analysis of ProtoDune (under discussion), and of the DUNE detector

Also: proton decay

Leading-edge international experiment for neutrino science

at Homestake, US

RICOCHET


Coherent Elastic ν-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS)

Cross section ∝ (neutron number)2

Largest ν cross section at low energies by some oders of magnitude

No energy threshold

Change of paradigm in ν physics: • From tonne-scale to kg-scale targets • From discovery to high precision

Flavour independent

RICOCHET (US, France,…)

Sub-100 eV CENNS measurement at a nuclear reactor

New physics signatures call for very low-energy thresholds

(O(10 eV))

• Nuclear site finalized by end-2019 • 1 kg array → 27 crystals of 30 g • Nuclear recoil identification • Data taking in 2022

Strong synergy with EDELWEISS

IPNL 32 g Ge detector +

high impedance meander NbSi TES

σ(baseline) ∼ 65 eV

Prptotype with outstanding performance

Detector development at CSNSM

JUNO


Also: proton decay

New researcher from APC

with Post-Doc and

PhD student

LiquidO R&D


Mid long-term strategy


→ CUPID

→ JUNO → DUNE

→ Ricochet SoLid

Search for 0ν2β

ν’s from artificial

and natural sources

→ Liquid0

→ DARWIN

Two research lines emerge from the current activities

SuperNEMO CUPID-Mo

SWOT analysis


STRENGTHS • CUPID-Mo technology is well-established and very

promising in terms of background and energy resolution.

• SuperNEMO technology is the only one that can provide full 0ν2β even reconstruction.

• The SoLid group is giving important contributions to the experiment in good synergy with the SuperNEMO one.

• Capability to attract funds beyond IN2P3 support (ANR, ERC, Labex).

OPPORTUNITIES • Participation to CUPID with major roles in the collaboration. • Merging of the local 0ν2β community. • Exploit synergies between 0ν2β and dark matter (XENON,

bolometers). • Exploit bolometric expertise to push RICOCHET (Coherent

Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus scattering). • Participation to key projects in neutrino-oscillation physics

(JUNO, DUNE). • Possibility of a far reaching strategy in neutrino phsyics

WEAKNESSES • The bolometric technology depends on challenging

cryogenics. • The SuperNEMO technology is difficult to

extrapolate to large masses.

THREATS • The neutrino physics group is largely undersized with respect

to its engagements and ambitions. • Unclear funding prospects, with strong dependence on non-

reproducible / non-predictable sources. • Lack of support to CUPID in France can undermine the

prominent role and unique expertise of the local CUPID group.

Backup



Approximative estimation of the man-power -2018/2019



2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Research/teaching staff (C/EC) Technical staff (ITA) FTE

SuperNEMO*+CUPID**+SoLid

* * LUMINEU+CUORE+CUPID+CROSS C/EC: 26.6 FTE × y

ITA: 35.6 FTE × y

7 PhD theses defended

6 PhD theses started

9.2 PostDoc × y

TOTAL: 62.2 FTE × y * NEMO-3+SuperNEMO demomstrator



FTE × y

C/EC

ITA

PhD students

PostDoc

Breakdown per activity

SuperNEMO 51.15 FTE × y

CUPID 26 FTE × y

SoLid 9.3 FTE × y



FTE

FTE FTE

SuperNEMO

CUPID SoLid

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Research/teaching staff (C/EC)

Technical staff (ITA)

PhD students

PostDocs

PhD Theses


2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Guillaume Eurin

Steven Calvez

Delphine Boursette

Cloé Girard Carillo

Noë Roy

Hawraa Khalife

Valentina Novati

Michele Mancuso

Dmitry Chernyak

Margherita Tenconi

CUPID

SuperNEMO

SoLid

W M (5) (5)



2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

k€ Equipment / Consumables Missions

885 k€ (average 177 k€/y)

of which: 623 k€: Equipment / Consumables 262 k€: Missions (∼ 4.2 k€ / (FTE y) )

TOTAL

Main funding sources: SuperNEMO IN2P3 – LAL

CUPID ANR – ERC – CSNSM SoLid LAL – IN2P3 – ANR




k€

SuperNEMO: 426 k€

CUPID: 342 k€

SoLid: 117 k€

Breakdown per activity

Funding sources


IN2P3 (flagship project for 0ν2β)

ANR

LAL

CSNSM ERC

SuperNEMO

CUPID

SoLid LAL

ANR IN2P3

ASPERA

LUMINEU (2012-2017) coordinated by CSNSM CLYMENE (2016-2020)

ISOTTA (2012-2014)

CROSS – ERC Advanced Grant (2018-2022)

SoLid (2017-2019) Other projects P2IO PICS PHC Chaire excellence U-PSUD

Publications


2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Articles in refereed journals


SuperNEMO: 13

13

31

3

Articles in conference proceedings

45

47

0 5 10 15

PRL PLB EPJC PRC PRD

Articles in high impact factor

journals

Presentations at conferences (2014 – 2018)



Presentations in international conferences

Invited (reviews on 0ν2β)

Plenary

Parallel

Posters

16 oral presentations 10 posters

1. A. Giuliani (CSNSM) II International Meeting for Large Neutrino Infrastructures Fermilab, Batavia, US, 20-21 April 2015 2. L. Simard (LAL) 17th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics Moscow, Russia, 20-26 Aug 2015 3. A. Giuliani (CSNSM) Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Part.icle Physics Vulcano, Italy, 22-28 May 2016 4. A. Giuliani (CSNSM) NEUTRINO 2018 Heidelberg, Germany, 4-9 June, 2018

4 presentations at GDR neutrino

Teaching activities


Laurent Simard (LAL) – lectures: mathématiques en L3/Magistère 1ère année de physique fondamentale : 36h de cours/an et 36h de TD/an, de 2017 à 2018 option techniques expérimentales à l'agrégation : 25 h/an de 2014 à 2018 electromagnétisme en classe préparatoire l'Essouriau/Paris Sud de 2015 à 2018 préparation à l'épreuve de TIPE en classe préparatoire l'Essouriau/Paris Sud de 2015 à 2018 Mathieu Bongrand (LAL) – lectures: 3x3 h à l’école d’été TES-HEP de 2012-2014 4 h à l’école de Gif sur la physique des neutrinos à basse énergie en 2016 1 h aux rencontres de l’infiniment grand à l’infiniment petit en 2017 Travaux pratiques de L1 de physique nucléaire de 2011 à 2014 (30 h/an) Pierre de Marcillac (CSNSM) – lectures: Lectures in the framework of the formation entitled "Du détecteur à la mesure" of IN2P3 for engineers and doctors: Détecteurs bolométriques refroidis: principes et applications (3h): 2013 – 2015 – 2018 Emiliano Olivieri, Denys Poda (CSNSM) – lectures: Lectures in the framework of the school « Détection de Rayonnement à Très Basse Température », Aussois, 2018 Andrea Giuliani (CSNSM) – supervision of stagiaires: Three Erasmus-program stages have been performed in collaboration with foreign Universities (2015 – 2016 – 2018) Two L3 stages (2014)

Achievement 1 - NEMO-3


Main isotope : 100Mo, 34.3 kg.y : T1/2(0ν2β) > 1.1 1024 y (90% CL) <mν> < [0.33-0.62] eV No event in [3.2-10] MeV for 47 kg.y -> promising for 96Zr, 150Nd

Searching for 0ν2β, but not only

Precise measurement of the full kinematics of the 2ν2β : test of nuclear models

Search for exotic processes : 0ν4β, Lorentz violation,

bosonic neutrino…

Achievement 2 - NEMO-3


Isotope 0ν2β, Majoron n=1 2ν2β Majoron n= 2,3,7 Exotic :Lorentz violation,

Bosonic neutrino

Quadruple beta decay

100Mo Phys. Rev. B 89 (2014) 111101 Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015)

072011[Editor’s suggestion]

Under preparation -

82Se Eur. Phys. J. C. (2018) 78:821 - 116Cd Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 012007 - 130Te Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 062504 - 150Nd Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 072003 [Editor’s suggestion] Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 041801

[Editor’s suggestion] 96Zr 48Ca Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 112008

[cover picture]

Achievement 3 - SuperNEMO demonstrator


Calorimeter at LSM : end 2015-> mid 2016 Half-detector (tracker, calorimeter) comissioning : 1st half 2017

Achievement 4 - SuperNEMO demonstrator


End of the sources making : october 2017 (6.23 kg 82Se)

Measurement of the sources radiopurity

by the BiPo-3 detector (Canfranc)

Closure of the detector : November 2018

Achievement 5 – α rejection in TeO2 bolometers


Reject α’s (main background source in CUORE) by detecting the feeble Cherenkov light emitted by β’s → α’s are below the Cherenkov threshold

Neganov-Luke-amplified light detector

Phys. Rev. C 97, 032501(R) (2018)

Full rejection of α background in a TeO2 bolometer for the study of 0ν2β of 130Te (2017)

TeO2 780 g crystal

This result keeps open the path for a Te-based CUPID (follow-up of CUORE), even if as a back-up solution

Light-heat scatter plot

Achievement 6 – CUPID-0: ZnSe bolometers


Pilot experiment with ZnSe scintillating bolometers to study 0ν2β of 82Se (CUPID-0) (2017) 26 bolometers (24 enriched + 2 natural ) arranged in 5 towers Experiment installed in Gran Sasso (Italy)

Total calibration spectrum

Limit: T0ν1/2[82Se] > 2.4×2024 y (the best ever achieved on 82Se)

PRL 120, 232502 (2018)

Light-detector wafers prepared at CSNSM

Achievement 7 – Lithium molybdate technology


Multiple tests with natural and enriched crystals (2014-2017) in LSM and LNGS with outstanding results in terms of:

High-purity crystals → negligible loss of enriched material Reproducibility → excellent performance uniformity Energy resolution → ∼ 4-6 keV FWHM in RoI α/β separation power → > 99.9 % Internal radiopurity → < 5 µBq/kg in 232Th, 238U; < 5 mBq/kg in 40K

Succesful development of the Li2100MoO4 technology (LUMINEU -2017)

EDELWEISS set-up

NIM A 729, 856 (2013) JINST 9, P06004 (2014) EPJC 74, 3133 (2014) JINST 10, P05007 (2015)

In May 2018, the CUORE collaboration selects the Li2100MoO4 technology as a baseline for

the next-generation 0ν2β search CUPID

EPJC 77, 785 (2017) Preliminary high-precision measurement of 2ν2β of 100Mo – EPJC cover (785,11 – 2017)

Achievement 8 – CUPID-Mo


Commissioning of CUPID-Mo demonstrator in the Modane Underground Laboratory (2018) CUPID-Mo is a pilot experiment with 20 Li2MO4 crystals enriched in 100Mo to study neutrinoless double beta decay of this isotope It is the most important demonstrator towards CUPID

CUPID-Mo sensitivity is 1.3×2024 y on T0ν1/2[100Mo] in 6 months.

Energy resolution in the commissioning run: 4 – 8 keV FWHM; in the total spectrum, 6 keV FWHM.

@2615 keV

baseline

Achievement 9 : SM1 prototype


2 scintillator types for e+ and n detection of the IBD products

Demonstrated neutron PID

Proved background rejection thanks to the fine segmentation (5 cm)

Search for sterile neutrino at BR2 reactor with a 288 kg target prototype 5.5 m from 60 MW nuclear core Started data taking in 2015 only few days before the long shutdown of BR2 reactor

Anti-neutrinos detected through inverse beta decay (IBD)

16x16 cubes x 9 planes 288 optical fibers + sipms

2018 J. Inst. 13 P05005

Energy resolution 20 % @ 1 MeV

Achievement 10 : SoLid Phase 1 detector

15/01/2019 HCERES evaluation – Neutrino Physics 45 2018 J. Inst. 13 P09005

French funding: LAL/Subatech/LPC – IN2P3 – ANR more than 1/3 of the total detector cost

Phase 1 detector: 1600 kg – 12800 PVT cubes 2 6LiFZnS/cube 3200 fibers + sipms Cooling at 10 °C to reduce sipm noise Dedicated neutron trigger Construction in Gent Univ 2016-2017

Light yield (LY) of SoLid detector was improved by studies on a dedicated test bench at LAL Factor 2.8 improvement in LY and better uniformity Energy resolution 14 % @ 1 MeV

Achievement 11 : light-yield and quality assurance


Detector construction by planes of 16x16 cubes in Gent

Right after construction complete scan of the plane with gamma (22Na) and neutron (AmBe) sources : - Identify and fix minor construction defects - Early performances and calibrations

ArXiv:1811.05244 - accepted by J. Inst.

22Na calibration head from LAL

LY results better than test bench values > 60 PE/MeV Energy resolution 12 % and very good uniformity Energy linearity behaviour confirmed

Neutron detection efficiency > 65 %

Compton edge 22Na spectrum

Light-yield and neutron efficiency of 12800 cubes

Calipso LPC Caen

Achievement 12 : first IBD like events

15/01/2019 47

Backgrounds being measured and rejection under study

Development of improved reconstruction tools ongoing

Commissioning end of 2017 Early 2018 detector and electronics optimisation

Stable running since April 2018 Intensive calibration campaigns over Summer

Detector installed at BR2 in November 2017 Cooled container at 10 °C for sipm noise Shielding: water, cadmium, polyethylene Participation of LAL to design and construction Calibration and run coordination @ LAL

Thèse de Delphine Boursette 09/2018

Reactor ON-OFF transition for IBD-like

Documents

HCERES evaluation of CSNSM IMNC Laboratoires de la vallée