RISING: RISING: Rare Isotope Spectroscopic Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSIINvestigation at GSI

CEA Saclay CSNSM Orsay GANIL CaenIPN Orsay

CLRC DaresburyUniv. KeeleUniv. LiverpoolUniv. ManchesterUniv. PaisleyUniv. SurreyUniv. York

FZ JuelichFZ RossendorfGSI DarmstadtHMI BerlinLMU MuenchenMPI HeidelbergTU DarmstadtUniv. BonnUniv. Koeln

KU Leuven

Univ. Milano INFN GenovaINFN LegnaroINFN/Univ. NapoliINFN/Univ. PadovaUniv. CamerinoUniv. Firenze

KTH StockholmUniv. LundUniv. Uppsala

NBI Copenhagen

IFJ KrakowIPJ SwierkUniv. KrakowUniv. Warszawa

Australian Nat.

Univ., Canberra

M. Górska, GSI DarmstadtM. Górska, GSI DarmstadtOPEN COLLABORATIONOPEN COLLABORATION

Univ. Santiago de Compostela

Univ. MadridUniv. Valencia

IFIN, Bucharest

Introduction

RISING nuclear structure goals

isospin symmetry

shell evolution far from stability

astrophysical interests

Experimental tools

Results on exotic nuclei

Future at FAIR

OutlineOutline

rp-Process

Novae

and X-ray bursts

r-Process and Supernovae

Sp=0

Sn=0

RISING: Nuclear structure interestRISING: Nuclear structure interest

N=Z

Shell evolution/quenching

Isospin competition/symmetry

|Tz|=T =1: Iπ=0+

T=0 : Iπ=1+or (2j)+

Neutron numberPro

ton

num

ber

Shell structure:Shell structure:Experimental evidence for magic numbers close to stabilityExperimental evidence for magic numbers close to stability

21+ state at higher energy

low value of B(E2: 21+→0+)

transition probability

Nuclei with magic number

of neutrons/protons have

If we move away from stability?

Shell evolution away from stabilityShell evolution away from stability

j>

j<

j’<proton

neutron

j’> 32

12Mg20

T. Otsuka et al., PRL 87, 082502 (2001)

T. Otsuka et al., PRL 95, 232502 (2005)

4020Ca20

Shell quenching for very n-rich nuclei Shell quenching for very n-rich nuclei Potential shape: Wood Saxon (WS) Potential shape: Wood Saxon (WS) → Harmonic Oscillator (HO)→ Harmonic Oscillator (HO)

T.R. Werner, J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, Z. Phys. A358 (1997) 169

stable nucleus

neutron rich

nucleus

need for radioactive nuclear beams

Primary beam/reaction selectionPrimary beam/reaction selection

Accelerator facility at GSIAccelerator facility at GSI

The Accelerators:UNILAC (injector) E=11.4 MeV/n

SIS 18Tm corr. U 1 GeV/nBeam Currents:

238U - 108 ppssome medium mass nuclei- 109

pps (A~130)

FRS provides secondary radioactive ion beams:• fragmentation or fission of primary beams • high secondary beam energies: 100 – 700 MeV/u• fully stripped ions

γγ spectroscopy spectroscopy

setup:setup:

Secondary beamSecondary beam

production

selection

identification reaction

spectroscopy

identification

35m

Bρ - ∆E - Bρ

CATE

SI-CsI

<1GeV/u

100-700MeV/u

RISINGRISING experiment typesexperiment types

“beam cocktail” or almost pure beam

(238U fission fragments recorded at the FRS)

experiments at β=0.5-0.7

decay experiments

Each type of experiments requires a dedicated

Ge-detector arrangement !

Ge Cluster

beam

Target chamber

CATE

RISING RISING -array for fast beams-array for fast beams

Ge Miniball

Typically: 100MeV/u, ε=0.06, ∆E/E=0.02

Secondary beam and fragment IDSecondary beam and fragment IDbefore the targetbefore the target after the targetafter the target

Y

X

Z

A/Q

Y

X

E

E

Scattering angleScattering angle

E [keV]C

ou

nts

84Kr (113 AMeV) + Au (0.4 g/cm2)

E [keV]

Cou

nts

882

84Kr 2+ 0+

FWHM ~ 1.5 %FWHM ~ 1.5 %

p

MW MWCATESi CsITarget

reaction selectionreaction selection -ray Doppler shift correction-ray Doppler shift correction

Radioactive beam Coulomb excitationRadioactive beam Coulomb excitationT.R. Saito et.al. submitted to PRC T.R. Saito et.al. submitted to PRC

First observation of a second excited 2+ state populated in a Coulomb experiment at 100AMeV using RISING

2 1+

0+

2 2+

0+

2 2+

2 1

+

136136NdNd

Energy [keV]

Co

un

ts

10% error bar in B(E2)

RISING: Fast beam campaign - physics focusRISING: Fast beam campaign - physics focus

(submitted to EPJA)

(PLB) 2005

Coulex in n-rich Cr isotopes

Pigmy resonance in n-rich nuclei

Coulex in nuclei towards 100Sn

Spectroscopy of mirror nuclei (A~50) via two-step fragmentation

(PRC) 2005

Coulex in triaxial nuclei 136Nd

(submitted to PRC)

PRL in preparation

Spectroscopy of 36Cavia two-step fragmentation

(PLB in print)

convener: P. Reiter, University of Cologneconvener: P. Reiter, University of Cologne

GXPF1KB3G

GXPF1A

New Shell gap ?

Courtesy: T. Otsuka

E(2+)

Shell evolution: Cr isotopes

Prediction of new subshell closures in N=32,34

Coulomb excitation in N=30-34 CrCoulomb excitation in N=30-34 CrA. Bürger et al., Phys. Lett B622, 29 (2005)

Calculations:

GXPF1: T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082502 (2001)

GXPF1A: T. Otsuka et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 13,69 (2002)

KB3G: E. Caurier et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 145 (2002)

Mirror (Isospin) symmetry in T=2 Mirror (Isospin) symmetry in T=2 3636S – S – 3636CaCa

14O 16O

14C

N=Z

Is N=20 shell quenching in 32Mg20

symmetric in isospin projection Tz?

- shell evolution- small neutron binding energy

3636Ca E(2Ca E(2++) in ) in ssecondary fragmentationecondary fragmentationP. Doornenbal PhD thesis, Phys. Lett. B, in printP. Doornenbal PhD thesis, Phys. Lett. B, in print

3015(16) keV

MED: ∆EM = Ex(I, Tz=-T) – Ex(I, Tz=+T) = 36Ca E(2+) - 36S E(2+) = - 276(16) keV !!!

IIn agreement with USD1 calculation using ESPE from 17O and 17F

Reason for the displacement: structure - reduction of Z=20 shell gap coupling to continuum ( small proton binding energy)

[1] B.A. Brown, B.H. Wiedenthal: Ann. Rev. of Nucl. Part. Sci. 38, 29 (1988) [1] B.A. Brown, B.H. Wiedenthal: Ann. Rev. of Nucl. Part. Sci. 38, 29 (1988)

2+

Experiments with Stopped BeamsExperiments with Stopped Beams

production

selectionidentification

stopping

spectroscopy

Ge- array

Stopped Rising Array @ GSI: 15 x 7 element CLUSTERs

εγ =11% at 1.3 MeV, 20% at 550 keV, 35% at 100 keV

flight time ~300ns

RISING: Stopped beams focus

Convenor: P. Regan, University of Surrey

PRL, in prep.

Nature, submitted

PRL, in prep.

PRL, in prep.

Gamma Energy-Time CorrelationsGamma Energy-Time Correlations

D. Rudolph, Lund UniversityD. Rudolph, Lund University

Mirror pair Mirror pair 5454Ni and Ni and 5454FeFe

D. Rudolph, Lund UniversityD. Rudolph, Lund University

Langanke, K. & Martínez-Pinedo, G. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 819-862 (2003)

2+::Kautzsch, T. et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 9, 201-206 (2000)

Dillman et al., PRL, 91, 162503 (2003)

Astrophysics relevance for n-rich nuclei

204Pt

130Cd

2.59 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.69 2.71

130130Cd from fission and fragmentationCd from fission and fragmentation

Lucia Caceres and Ewa Werner-Malento PhD theses Lucia Caceres and Ewa Werner-Malento PhD theses

A. Jungclaus et al., Nature, submittedA. Jungclaus et al., Nature, submitted

-coincidences

130130Cd level scheme and ACd level scheme and A-1-1 scaling scaling

SM

: F.

Now

acki,

G.

SM

: F.

Now

acki,

G. M

art

ínez-

Pin

ed

o e

t al.

Mart

ínez-

Pin

ed

o e

t al.

20478Pt126: 4 proton holes in 208Pb

experiment and theory

Zs. Podolyák, Surrey UniversityZs. Podolyák, Surrey University

Problems:

states with πd5/21

order of πd3/2

-1h11/2-1

and πs1/2-1h11/2

-1

→ description of the observed states requires SPE or INT modification

?

206Hg80 126

204Pt78 126

Stopped Beam - Active StopperP.H. Regan (convenor)

implantation-particle decay correlation

3 double-side silicon-strip detectors - surface 5x5 cm2

- thickness 1 mm - 2 x 16 3.125 mm strips - manufactured by MICRON

New result from yesterday eveningNew result from yesterday evening

190Ta: ion gated delayed -ray spectrum

2+ in 190W T1/2 ~ 16s

P. Regan et al., University of Surrey

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

The Future International Facility at The Future International Facility at GSI:GSI: FAIRFAIR - - FFacility for acility for AAntiproton and ntiproton and IIonon RResearchesearch

100 m

Hadron Physicswith antiprotons

NUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactionswith radioactive beams

Plasma Physicswith compressedion beams & high-intensity (petawatt)laser

Nuclear Matter Physics with35-45 GeV/u HI beams

High EM Field (HI) ---

Fundamental Studies (HI & p)Applications (HI)

Expected rates of rare isotope beams Expected rates of rare isotope beams at FAIR SFRS facilityat FAIR SFRS facility

300:

300 300

300

300

Physics Example: the Zr isotopes (Z=40)Physics Example: the Zr isotopes (Z=40)

T.R. Werner, J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, Z. Phys. A358 (1997) 169

90Zr50 104Zr64 110Zr70 122Zr82

spherical deformed (β=0.45) spherical ?

Coulomb excitation Decay

Lifetime: >1 s 1.2 s <1 s

32/s 0.05/day

NUSTARNUSTAR@FAIR@FAIR

HISPECHISPEC DESPECDESPEC(fast, slow beams) (fast, slow beams) (stopped beams)(stopped beams)

Selectivity and sensitivity improvement ~103

Magnetic Spectrometer

AGATA + ancillary detectors

NEUTRON DETECTOR

GE γ-ARRAY

RADIOACTIVEBEAM

SummarySummary

2003-2005 Scattering experiments:

shell evolution in neutron rich and neutron deficient nuclei isospin symmetry around N=Z

shapes

collective excitations

2005 g-RISING: magnetic moment measurements

2006 Decay experiments: many new isomeric states!

reaching r-process path

2007 Active stopper – first results!

Future: experiments at FAIR/SFRS: e.g. >110Zr...HISPEC/DESPEC

Towards new phenomena at the limits of nuclear existence!

CollaborationCollaboration

A. Banu(Texas I&M), C. Fahlander(Lund), D. Rudolph (Lund),

A. Poves(Madrid), F. Nowacki(Strasbourg),

A. Bürger(Bonn), P. Reiter(IKP Köln), H. Hübel(Bonn),

P. Doornenbal(GSI/Köln), P.Regan(Surrey), H. Grawe(GSI),

L.Caceres(GSI/Madrid), A. Bracco(Milan), J. Jolie(Köln),

P. Nolan(Daresbury), F. Camera(Milan), G. Neyens(Leuven),

D. Balabanski(Sofia), S. Steer(Surrey), R. Hoischen(Lund),

T. Otsuka(Tokyo), S. Pietri(Surrey), M. Hjorth-Jensen(Oslo),

A. Garnworthy(Surrey), A. Jungclaus(Madrid),

M. Pfützner(Warsaw), Zs. Podolyak(Surrey),

E. Werner-Malento(GSI/Warsaw),

H.J. Wollersheim (GSI), J.Gerl (GSI)...and many others

For the RISING collaboration