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HC #2: Challenging
Jim Crow Civil Unrest
Objective…Summarize the incidents of civil
disobedience that challenged segregation and the federal governments reaction to the fight against desegregation.
MLK’s background…• PHD- Boston U.- Theology• 1957 - Founder of SCLC • Philosophy: Nonviolent
Civil disobedience • Nobel Prize in 1968• Assassinated April, 1968
Civil disobedience…• Historically used to rebel against unfair laws. • Protests are confrontational, but non-violent
The influence of Walter Rauschenbusch on King…
The influence of Gandhi on King…
SCLCSouthern Christian
Leadership Conference• Organized black churches to conduct
nonviolent protests in order to obtain civil rights reform.
Dr. MLK leading local CRs workers in a prayer
Montgomery, Ala. 1955
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat
Fingerprinting Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks going to jail
Edgar Daniel "E.D." Nixon
-Leader of the MIA-Encourages Rosa Parks to
fight the arrest
Arrest record…
Dr. MLK - Spokesperson Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
“We are here this evening for serious business …. we are determined to apply our citizenship to the fullest of its means.”
- MLK
The principles of the boycott…
- Non-violence - Christian love - Unity
MLK & Abernathy being booked by Montgomery, ALA police. The civil rights leaders had been indicted for their
roles in the MBB. King & Abernathy's homes were firebombed during the boycott.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott• Lasts 381 days• Effects 42,000 African Americans• Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (MIA) coordinates
20K rides per day for ride • MLK & E.D. Nixon arrested and found guilty of
“hindering business”
Empty buses…Bus revenue drops by 67%
The Supreme Court ruled busing segregation illegal Dec, 1956
Significance of the MBB…• MLK becomes a national figure• Gave the CR movement momentum• The SCLC is founded & galvanizes the
non-violence tactic
The Rosa Parks bus at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Mich.
The Little Rock Crisis (1957)
“I had thought - we'd all thought - that once we got the Brown case, the thing was going to be over. You see, we were always looking for the one case to end all of it.” -Thurgood Marshall, 1977
The Little Rock Crisis (1957)• A Federal judge orders LR schools to desegregation• LR school board complies• Gov. Faubus defied the order• DDE federalizes AK National Guard• Sends in the 101st Airborne to enforce the law
DDE meets with Arkansas Gov.
Faubus, Sept., 1957
The Little Rock Nine
1960-1961: Sit-InsGreensboro, Nashville, Atlanta
• CORE & SNCC• Sit- in segregated diners in the South… Activism• Refuse to leave until served…hurts business profit….
Powerful method of protest.
The Greensboro Four
SNCC (pronounced Snick)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee...
• 1960 – Black college students• Youth branch SCLC - Gives Black youth a voice in CRs• More militant• SNCC activist strategies…
- Direct confrontation
- Mass action
- Civil disobedience
SNCC membership posters for SNCC…
