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HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 1
OhioHazmat & WMD Technician
Module 1 Unit 2
Field Survey Instruments
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 2
Learning Objectives
At the end of this training each student will demonstrate knowledge and the ability to classify, identify, and verify known and unknown chemicals by using field survey instruments.
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 3
Student Performance Objectives
• Know the 9 DOT Hazard Classes
• Know the 3 classes and 2 divisions of inherent safety tested instruments
• Know the 6 types of direct reading instruments and give examples of each type.
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 4
Student Performance Objectives (cont.)
• Demonstrate their ability to operate at least 4 different direct reading instruments
• Must be able to successfully complete competency evaluations 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 016, 017, and/or 018
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 5
DOT Hazard Classes
1 Explosives
2 Compressed gasses
3 Flammable liquids
4 Flam solids, spontaneous combustible, dangerous when wet
5 Oxidizers and organic peroxides
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 6
DOT Hazard Classes (cont.)
6 Toxic, biological
7 Radiological
8 Corrosives
9 Misc. (ORM)
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 7
Real Time Air Monitors
• Assessing health risks
• PPE
• Work zones
• Dispersion
• Mitigation actions
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 8
Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments
• Portable and rugged
• Easy to operate
• Inherently safe
• Reliable and useful results
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 9
Inherently Safe
• Class I, II and III
• Division 1 and 2
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 10
Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments (cont.)
• Reliable and useful resultsResponse timeSensitivityAmplificationAccuracyPrecisionSelectivityCalibration and relative response
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 11
Types of Direct reading instruments
• Corrosive gas
• Oxygen
• Flammability
• Toxic
• Radiological
• Specialized
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 12
Corrosive Gas
• pH paper
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 13
Oxygen
• Normal air–20.9% oxygen
• Oxygen levels less than 19.5%
• Oxygen levels above 23.5%
• Some instruments require sufficient oxygen for operation
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 14
Schematic of Oxygen Sensor
(-) Meter Face
(+)
Electrolyte Solution (KCL or KOH)
Electrode
Membrane
O2 O2 O2 O2
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 15
Limitations and Considerations
• Atmospheric pressure
• Temperature
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 16
Combustible-Atmosphere Indicators
• Combustible Gas Indicators (CGI)
• Concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air
• Percentage of the LEL
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 17
Flammable Range
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 18
Principle of Operation
• Wheatstone Bridge
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 19
Limitations
• Temperature
• Lack of oxygen
• Lead vapors and silicon compounds
• Response factors
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 20
Relative Response for a Combustible Gas
ChemicalConcentration (%
LEL)
Meter Response(% LEL)
Relative ResponseFactor
Methane 50 85 1.7
Acetylene 50 60 1.2
Pentane 50 50 1
1,4,-Dioxane 50 37 .74
Xylene 50 27 .54
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 21
Toxic-Atmosphere Monitors
• Identify airborne concentrations
• Evaluate risk
• Determine the need and type of PPE
• Establish work zones
• PPM
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 22
Radiological
• Survey meters
• Contamination
• Dose & Rate
• Max dose for:Life safety - 50,000mremProtecting critical property - 10,000mremEmergency worker - 5000mrem
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 23
Specialized Monitoring Devices
• NFPA’s list of 181) Biological immunoassay indicators2) Chemical Agent Monitors3) Colorimetric indicators4) Combustible Gas Indicators5) DNA Fluoroscopy6) Electro chemical cells7) Flame Ionizing detector8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer9) Infrared Spectroscopy10) Ion mobility spectroscopy11) Mass channel analyzer12) Metal oxide sensor13) Photo ionization detector14) Polymerase chain reaction15) Radiation detection and measurement instruments16) Raman spectroscopy17) Surface acoustical wave18) Wet chemistry
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 24
Colorimetric Tubes
• Glass tube with an indicating chemical
• Tube is connected to a pump
• Contaminant reacts with the indicator
• Chemical-specific
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 25
Limitations and Considerations (cont.)
• Poor accuracy and precision• Affected by temperature• Store tubes at moderate temperatures• Humidity• Shelf life
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 26
Limitations and Considerations (cont.)
• Interfering compounds
• Difficult to read
• Sampling times
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 27
Photoionization Detector (PID)
• Detect concentrations of gases and vapors in PPM
• Fan or pump draws the air into the detector
• Contaminants are exposed to a high-frequency radiation light source
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 28
Ionization PotentialChemical Ionization Potential (eV)
Hydrogen cyanideCarbon dioxideMethaneHydrogen chlorideWaterOxygenChlorinePropaneHydrogen sulfideHexaneAmmoniaVinyl chlorideAcetoneBenzenePhenolEthyl amine
13.913.813.012.512.612.111.511.110.510.210.110.0 9.7 9.2 8.5 8.0
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 29
Specialized for WMD
• M8• M9• M256A1• ICAM• APD2000• SAW Mincad
• GC/MS• Biological detection
and ID
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 30
Exercise Module 1 Unit 2Air Monitors
Time Allotted: 60 minutesEquipment needed: (2) 4 gas air monitors
P.I.D.pH paper Calibration gas
Supplies needed: AcetoneAcetic Acid (vinegar)Hydrochloric Acid (The Works toilet bowl cleaner)Ammonia (window cleaner)4 small containers with lids or coversCalibration Gas
Methodology: The instructor will give you a scenario that is based on the student performance objectives in this unit.
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 31
Unit 2 Quiz
HazMat Technician Mod 1 Unit 2 Slide 32
Questions