Hawthorne & Time & Motion Studies

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IndustrialPsychology

Genap2013/2014



PSIKOLOGI IN!S"#I

Industrial psychology is the systematic study of the

behavior of the people at work. It studies how thesocial, industrial, economic, political and other factorsaect the behaviour of the people at work

Keywords :

Systematic Study, Behavior, eople at !ork



LINGK!P PSIKOLOGI IN!S"#I

• Sele$si $arya%an &erdasar$anil'u pengetahuan

• Pe'&agian pe$er(aan secaratepat

• )ini'alisir waste dari$eter&atasan 'anusia

• Pening$atan $ese(ahteraan$arya%an

• )e'pererat hu&ungan antar

'anusia• )enge'&ang$an hu&ungan

industrial

• )ening$at$an produ$ti*itas

+P+, i*- Psi$ologiIndustri.

• Sele$si danpengetesan

• Penge'&angan'ana(e'en

• Konseling

• )oti*asi $arya%an

•"uman engineering

• Penelitian pe'asaran

• Penelitian P#



PIONEER ERA/TRADITIONALIST

• -- "aylor

• ran$ LillianGil&reth

LATER TRADITIONALIST

• tended and e*eloped thePhilosophical oncept o5

"+6LO#

• e*eloped Graphical +pproach

• !sed In Non )anu5acturingOrgani7ation

• In8uenced &y 9u'an :eha*ior

•9enry L-Gantt

• 9a%thorne

• +%areness 5or the need o5 Iiscipline

• !sed Science and ngineeringPrinciple in the )an;)achineSyste' <or$ Station=



F.W. TAYLOR (MIDVALE STEEL COMPANY)

Prinsip Scienti>c )anage'ent.

• e*elop a science 5or each ele'ent o5 a 'an?s %or$, %hichreplaces the old rule o5 thu'& 'ethod

• Select scienti>cally and then train, teach, and de*elop the

%or$'an, %hereas pre*iously he chose his o%n %or$ 'ethods andtrained hi'sel5 as &est as he could

• ooperate heartily %ith the 'en so as to ensure that all o5 the %or$&eing done is in accordance %ith the principles o5 the science %hichhas &een de*elop

•

"here is al'ost an e@ual di*ision o5 the %or$ and the responsi&ility&et%een 'anage'ent and the %or$'en- "he 'anage'ent ta$eso*er all %or$ 5or %hich they are &etter >tted than the %or$'an-

Keter&atasanA



FRANK & LILLIAN GILBRETH (FATIGUE &MOTION STUDIES)

ran$ )- Gil&reth

• :orn on 1BCB in )aine, !S+

• Instead o5 entering )I", he too$ a (o& as &ric$layer?s helper

• 30 years old, he %as the o%ner o5a pro>ta&le construction >r' %ithoDces throughout the %orld

• In*ented eEecti*e 'ethod 5orincreasing production rate 5ro'

120 &ric$s laid per %or$er per hourto 3F0 &y reducing the nu'&er o5'otions 5ro' 1 to F

• 9e lassi>ed the &asic 'otionsinto %hat he called "9#:LIG

Lillian Gil&reth

• She %as a psychologistgraduated 5ro'!ni*ersity o5 ali5ornia

and Ph- 5ro' :ro%n!ni*ersity

• )ade signi>cant

analysis o5 hu'an %or$&eha*ior %ith her

hus&and ran$GIL:#"9

• :eca'e the 'ost

distinguished %o'anengineer in !S+



HENRY L. GANTT (TAYLOR’S ASSOCIATE)

• Pe'&erian insenti5



HAWTHORNE STUDIES

• Study o5 hu'an per5or'ance at estern lectric o- 9a%thorne Eect

ngineer on Illu'ination

• "here %as no diEerence in producti*ity &et%een

ontrolled and !ncontrolled Group

#elay asse'&ly test roo' eperi'ent

• Producti*ity increase &ecause o5 changed attitudeto%ards %or$ and their %or$ group

)ass inter*ie%ing progra''e• 'ployees? &eha*ior %as &eing in8uenced &y group

&eha*iour

:an$ %iring o&ser*ation roo'

• In5or'al relationship are i'portant 5actor in

deter'ining the hu'an &eha*ior



TIME STUDY

+i's O&(ecti*es o5 "i'e Study.

• "o deter'ine or #$ standards ti'es re@uired 5or anoperation under nor'al situation/conditions

•

"o a*oid unusual idle time an d delay in the eecution o5 thetas$/(o&

• "o use the standard ti'e data so as to > a 5air incentive%age plan

• "o create time consciousness a'ong %or$ers

• "o 'ini'i7e and control the cost

• "o set a 5air hourly output standards 5or a %or$er

• "o i'pro*e working conditions



PROSEDUR TIME STUDY

Pilih pe$er(a dengan$e'a'puan rata;rata

:eri$an $ondisi $er(anor'al disertai

dengan peralatanyang di&utuh$an

Standardisasipe$er(aan

)e'&agi pe$er(aandala' gera$an;gera$an $ecil yangdise&ut H"her&ligs?

O&ser*asi dan catat%a$tu untu$ gera$an

yang &erulang

La$u$an penyesuaian (i$a di&utuh$an untu$

$elelahan, %a$tu'esin, irregular

delay , $e&utuhandasar, dll

"entu$an %a$tustandard &erdasar$an

te'uan di atas



11

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Keuntungan Keuntungan



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• Search

• Select

• %rasp• &ransport loaded

• osition

• re'position

• (ssemble

• )se

• Inspect

• *isassemble

•

+elease load• &ransport empty

• +est for overcoming fatigue

• )navoidale delay

• (voidable delay

• lan

• "old

M! S!u*

)etode untu$ 'enentu$an cara ter&ai$ dala' 'ela$u$an pe$er(aan

T+e%,-"



13

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Keuntungan Keuntungan

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