Hawaii Volcano Plume and Water Vapor From Satellite and

Ground MeasurementsJohn Porter

HIGP, University of Hawaii

Aerosol Measurements and Optics Satellite VOG MeasurementsLidar MeasurementsSatellite Water Vapor Measurements

Satellite Aerosol Validation Efforts In Hawaii

Porter, J. N., A.D. Clarke, and B. R. Lienert, Aircraft/Surface Derived Aerosol Optical Properties Near Hawaii For Satellite Validation, Proceedings of the SPIE Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment and Space, Sendai, Japan, ISBN 0-7803-6362-0, 167-174, 2000.

Porter, J.N. A. Clarke, J. Reid, G. Shaw, E. Reid, D. Kress, B. Lienert, Handheld Sun Photometer Measurements From Light Aircraft, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 24, 1588-1597, 2007.

Aerosol size distribution models based on inversion of wavelength dependent sun photometer measurements in the volcano plume. Volcano plume aerosols are accumulation mode aerosols below 1 um diameter.

Volcano Aerosol Size Distribution Inverted From Spectral Sun Photometer Measurements

Aerosol Optical Depths Volcano Aerosol Area Size Distributions

Porter, J, M. Miller, C., Pietras, and C. Motell, Ship-Based Sun Photometer Measurements Using Microtops Sun Photometers, Journal of Atmospheric and OceanicTechnology, 18, 765-774, 2001. (Basis of approach used in the NASA Marine Aerosol Network, MAN)

Lienert, B.R., J.N. Porter, and S.K. Sharma, Repetitive Genetic Inversion of Optical Extinction Data, Applied Optics, 40, 21, 3476-3482, 2001

Frouin, R., B. Holben, M. Miller, C. Pietras, E. Ainsworth, J. Porter and K. Voss, Sun and Sky Radiance Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols, chapter 14 in OceanOptics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 3, Volume 2, NASA/TM-2002-210004/Rev3-Vol2, pg 211-230, 2002.

Aerosol size distribution models based on in-situ aerosol measurements.

Porter, J., and Clarke, A., Aerosol Size Distribution Models Based on In-Situ Measurements. J. Geophy. Res., 102, 6035-6045, 1997.

Aerosol Size Models To Constrain Satellite Retrievals

Aerosol size area distribution measured in Kona, Hawaii (Captain Cook, DOH sampling site) with a Moudi Impactor and IC analysis. The aerosol neutralization was between ammoniumbi-sulfate and ammonium sulfate. This larger neutralization was likely due to the nearby fields which have ammonia based fertilizer (Porter, Chuang, Huebert, Howell, unpublished).

Volcano Plume Aerosol Chemistry

Composition: Sulfuric Acid Ammonium biSulfateAmmonium Sulfate

Common Aerosol Size Dist.and Their Phase Functions (at 500 nm)

Deriving the Aerosol Phase Function From Multi-WavelengthAerosol Scattered Light

Calculate Aerosol RadianceFor Many Size, Humidity, And Composition Combinations

Results Depend On Scattering Angle

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0.1

1

10

100

m=1.45+0.0i

m=1.40+0.0i

m=1.36+0.0i

measured data unimodal models

ang

ula

r sc

att

er,

arb

. units

scattering angle, deg

Example Aerosol Phase Function Measurements

Porter, J.N., T.F. Cooney, C. Motell, Coastal Aerosol Phase Function Measurements With A Custom Polar Nephelometer, Ocean Optics XIV Conference, Kona, Hawaii, pp. 5, 1998.

Lienert, B. R., J. N. Porter and S. K. Sharma, Aerosol Size Distributions from Genetic Inversion of Polar Nephelometer Data (accepted in J. Atmospheric and Oceanic Tech., March 2003)

Bates, D.E., and J.N. Porter, AO3D: A Monte Carlo Code for Modeling of Environmental Light Propagation, JOSRT, 109, 1802-1914, 2008.

Aerosol Optical Depth From AVHRR Satellite (1993)

Aerosol Optical Depth From GOES Satellite (2001)

Aerosol Optical Depth From MODIS Satellite

Porter aerosol algorithm

Porter aerosol algorithm

BeachUpwind

4 Day Average Of Scanning Lidar Measurements At Bellows Beach During the SEAS ExperimentPorter, J.N., S.K. Sharma, B. R. Lienert, E. Lau and K. Horton, Vertical and Horizontal Aerosol Scattering Fields Over Bellows Beach, Oahu During the SEAS Experiment, (in press, J. Atmospheric and Oceanic Tech., Dec. 2003).

Drizzle

Cloud Development

Trade Wind Inversion

Mixed Layer

Cloud Layer

Free Troposphere

Spray From Breaking Waves

Hawaii Volcano Plume Flux Measurements.

SO2 Half Life In Hawaii Volcano Plume 6 Hours (+-4 Hours)

Porter, et al., 2002, Lidar and Sun Photometer Measurements of The Hawaii Pu’u O’o Volcano Plume: Estimates of SO2 and Aerosol Flux Rates and SO2 Lifetimes, Geo. Res. Let., 29, 2002GL014744, 2002

Trade Wind Profile (Feature Preserving Average)

Trade Wind InversionBase and Top From Lihue Radiosonde

Mixed Layer DepthLihue Radiosonde And Lidar

Surprising Rapid Variability In Trade Wind Mixed Layer Depth

Porter, J.N., S.K. Sharma, B. R. Lienert, E. Lau and K. Horton, Vertical and Horizontal Aerosol Scattering Fields Over Bellows Beach, Oahu During the SEAS Experiment, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 1375-1387, 2003.

Integrated Water Vapor (Split Window, AVHRR)

                                                 

          

Helios prototype solar aircraft lost in mishapNASA-DFRC NEWS RELEASEPosted: June 26, 2003The remotely operated Helios Prototype aircraft, a proof-of-concept solar-electric flying wing designed to operate at extremely high altitudes for long duration, was destroyed when it crashed today during a checkout flight from the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

Integrated Water Vapor (MODIS) On Day Of Helios Crash

Porter, J.N, D. Stevens, K. Roe, S. Kono, D. Kress and Eric Lau, Wind Environment in the Lee of Kauai Island, Hawaii during trade wind conditions: weather setting for the Helios Mishap, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 123: 463-480, 2007.

Motell, C., J.N. Porter, J. Foster, M. Bevis, and S. Businger: Comparisons of Water Vapor Derived from GPS, Sounding and the Split Window Technique, Int. J. of Remote Sensing, 23, 11, 2335-2339, 2002.

Dry Area Descended To SurfaceOn Last Day Only.

Humid Area Spent ~4 daysNear Surface.

Integrated Water Vapor From NOAA 11 Split Window

Gravity Waves, Integrated Water Vapor (Split Window, AVHRR)

Gravity Waves Off OahuAVHRR 9

Stereo Camera Wind and Current Measurements