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Hatchery and Design Hatchery and Design ConsiderationsConsiderations
What to do BEFORE you start?What to do BEFORE you start?
OCEAN
1mm WELLSCREEN
OVERFLOW
EFFLUENTTREATMENT
MAIN SWPUMPS (2)
SEAWATER TREATMENT SCHEMATIC
PRESSURIZEDSAND FILTERS(PSF)
OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR
OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR
LARVALMODULECULTURETANKS
MATURATIONMODULECULTURETANKS
HEATEXCH.
HEATEXCH.
UV
UV
MA
IN D
RA
INL
INE
DE-GASSTORAGERESERVOIR
PUMPS
PSF
5 MICRONFILTERS
1 MICRONFILTERS
OZONECONTACTCOLUMNS
COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR
OZONEUNIT
OZONEUNIT
BLOWER
BLOWER
MATURATIONMODULERESERVOIRS
LARVALMODULERESERVOIRS
FRESHWATER
BRINETANKS
Lecture 1: Farm Site Selection
Objectives:• Proper approach to site selection:
conceptualization• “Good” vs. “bad” information• Water (part 1): quality criteria, source, capacity,
tidal issues• Soil (part 2): texture, chemical properties• Vegetation, climatic, other determinants• Evaluation process (part 3)
Conceptualizing the SiteConceptualizing the Site
• WHAT WENT WRONG?WHAT WENT WRONG?– IMPROPER SITE SELECTIONIMPROPER SITE SELECTION– INAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERINGINAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERING– INADEQUATE FINANCINGINADEQUATE FINANCING– INEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRYINEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRY
SITE SELECTION IS CRITICAL:IT CAN DETERMINE:
• LOAN POTENTIALLOAN POTENTIAL• ENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNSENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNS• LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCYLEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCY• PRODUCTION METHODOLOGYPRODUCTION METHODOLOGY• BUSINESS STRATEGYBUSINESS STRATEGY• MARKETING/SALES STRATEGYMARKETING/SALES STRATEGY
WHY "BAD" SITES ARE SELECTEDALL THE WRONG REASONS!
• "THE LAND PRICE WAS A BARGAIN!“
• "THE GOVERNMENT WUS JUS’ GIVIN’ IT AWAY!“
• "HEY, IT WAS NEAR THE WATER!“
• “...BUT THERE WERE OTHER FARMERS NEARBY.“
• "NOBODY ELSE WANTED IT!"
CONCEPTUALIZE THE SITE:WHAT CONSTITUTES A SITE?
• A PIECE OF LAND? COAST? COUNTRY?
• A SPECIFIC PROFIT CENTER?
• A SPECIFIC PRODUCT?
• SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION?
ASSUMPTIONS
• STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
• PLAN TO UTILIZE EVERY INCENTIVE
• STRIVING FOR INTEGRATIONVERTICAL
DISCLAIMERS
• NO SITE IS TYPICAL
• NO PROJECT IS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE
• NO GOVERNMENT IS ENTIRELY ACCOMODATING
• MONEY DOES NOT GROW ON TREES
• THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES!!!
Hatchery Sanitation
• Purpose 1: prevent foreign agents from entering hatchery (What does this control?)
• Purpose 2: limits disease spread to tank of origin (doesn’t run from
tank to tank, etc.
Is clear water clean??
Pick a good site!!!
Hawaiian Hatcheries, Phillipines
Typical Well Abstraction
Perforated well Perforated well screen (500 µM), 4 screen (500 µM), 4 in. PVCin. PVC
Perforated well Perforated well screen (250 µM)screen (250 µM)
2 in. 2 in. PVCPVC
2-3 hp self-2-3 hp self-priming/coolipriming/cooling centrifugal ng centrifugal pumppump
Discharge to Discharge to hatcheryhatchery
Sealed concrete pump house
high tidehigh tide
low tidelow tide
hydrologic zone
Seawater Abstraction: well-point
Microscreen- 1mm
Pea gravel
sand substrate
Ocean bottom
24 in. perforated pipe
6-8 ft
Seawater Abstraction: open ocean intake
Hatchery Sanitation
Preventive Guidelines
• Reduces vertically-transmitted pathogens:• 1) import only eggs, never juveniles/adults• 2) eggs should be from SPF/high health facilities• 3) wild individuals should be prohibited or all
water, etc. needs to be disinfected• 4) disinfect all eggs prior to stocking hatching
containers (also disinfect/destroy all shipping containers)
• chemicals: iodophores (Argentyne) 100 ppm for 10-15 min
Guidelines for Limiting Spread
• Disinfect all hatchery and personal equipment after or between use (equipment must be clean prior to disinfection)
• sports fishermen or farmers should never be allowed near facility (political issue)
• transfer/shipping equipment, vehicles must all be disinfected whenever leaving grounds
• do not overlook any possible source of contamination
• proper hatchery design limits spread
Biosecurity: General Issues
• Definition: the sum of all procedures in place to protect shrimp from contracting, carrying and spreading diseases
• critical to identify all known and potential vectors • critical: use only seed from SPF or high-health
facilities• stocks monitored periodically for disease using
rapid methodologies• infection of facility = shut-down, complete
disinfection (chlorine gas, formaldehyde, etc.)
Biosecurity: General Issues
• Other potential disease sources: incoming water
• facility should be isolated from other farms, processing plants, capture fisheries
• water should be recycled• replacement water disinfected by chlorine,
ozone, ultraviolet light• avoid vectors: gulls, dogs, crabs, etc.• feeds ( prepared vs. raw)
Part 2. Biosecurity
• Recently, fish/shrimp disease agents and associated problems have spread from foreign countries to the U.S.
• major efforts established defense against disease
• due to severity of issue, parallel efforts were undertaken to design production systems to exclude diseases
• such systems are called “biosecure”• key issue: zero water exchangezero water exchange