Handouts ConEng 01

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University of the Philippines Los Baos College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering 2ndSem AY 2013-2014

Prof. Melvin Blanco Solomon CE 162 Construction Engineering and Project Management Class Handouts and InstructionsPage

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Overview of Project Management for Civil Engineering Infrastructures

Civil engineers can practice the profession in several industries. Services of civil engineers are employed to develop, construct, and operateinfrastructures. In this course, infrastructures refer to the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential toenable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions. These infrastructures are included in the partial list of industries below.

Industries Examples

1. Energy construction of geothermal, hydropower, wind, and coal power plants

2. Water and Sanitation water resources development, and water supply, wastewater and sewerage projects

3. Transportation construction and operation of airports, ports, and highways

4. Environmental Serviceswater quality assessment; environmental compliance and investigations; air pollution, solid wastemanagement, contaminant transport studies

5. Universities research and development activities for new models and methods in engineering

6. Manufacturingsupply and construction of structures for physical production facilities of construction materials: steel,cement, aggregates; and other goods: soap, cigarette, and semiconductors, etc.

7. Bankingprovision of technical assistance to determine funding merits of project proposals for infrastructure

development of public and private institutions8. Insurance development of risk models based on disasters and catastrophe models

9. Soil Engineering provision of soil testing and site assessment works

10.Mapping surveying and mapping works for project sites

11.Land Development / Urban Planning development and construction of industrial parks, residential areas, and commercial establishments

12.Process Plants construction of main and support structures of process plants (e.g. oil and gas)

13.Communication construction of steel towers for communication facilities

14.Logistics management of information, resources, and materials required for projects

15.Building Construction construction of huge buildings, towers, and other vertical structures

16.Power Distribution construction and monitoring of power lines and transmission towers

17.Irrigation, Flood Control, and Drainage construction and operation of water channels and hydraulic structures

18.Government Service formulation of policies related to public works, facilities, and projects

19.Mining development of water balance in mining sites and geotechnical investigations

20.Agriculture construction of farm structures, access roads, and water related studies

21.Offshore: Oil and Gas construction of steel structures and platforms for oil and gas exploration in the sea


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However, some functions of civil engineers across these industries are the following:

Design and Consulting Facility Operation ConstructionManagement andAdministration

Note:

The list of functionalareas is a partial list of

possible roles of a civilengineer in any industry.

Software Development

Surveying and GIS Community Development

or Stakeholder Relations

Procurement and Cost

Engineering

Research andDevelopment

Sales and Marketing EntrepreneurshipSupply ChainManagement

Asset Management Quantity SurveyingContract Administration

and SpecificationsGeotechnical Works

In this course, a project is required for submission. It is a documentation of basicconstruction engineering components and project management processes involved

in development and construction of an infrastructure.

It is recommended to choose an infrastructure depending on your choice so thatthis course will be relevant to students future endeavor as a civil engineer.

Project managers strive to meet the triple constraint by

balancing project scope, time, and cost goals.

However, qualityis

the quadruple

constraint.

Notes:

Civil Engineering civilization building and maintenance.Infrastructure physical structures needed for the operation of a society or the

services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.Industry unit or sector of an economy where exchange of products and services with

cashflow occursProject temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.Project management the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to

project activities to meet project requirementsOperations work done to sustain the business

Assignment: submit a short CV (one-page) containing your top 3 industries and functional areas of choice in your first five years as Civil Engineer


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Examples of Infrastructure Systems

Transport infrastructure

Road and highway networks including structures(bridges, tunnels, culverts, retaining walls)

Railway transit systems (e.g. commuterrail systems, subways)

Canals and navigable waterways requiring continuousmaintenance (dredging, etc.)

Seaports and lighthouses Airports, including air navigational systems

Energy infrastructure

Electrical power network, including generation plants, electricalgrid, substations, and local distribution.

Natural gas pipelines, storage and distribution terminals, as well as thelocal distribution network.

Petroleum pipelines, including associated storage and distributionterminals.

Specialized coal handling facilities for washing, storing,and transporting coal.

Water management infrastructure

Drinking water supply, including the system of pipes,storage reservoirs, pumps, valves, filtration and treatment

equipment and meters, including buildings and structuresto house the equipment, used for the collection,treatment and distribution of drinking water

Sewage collection, and disposal of waste water Drainage systems Major irrigation systems (reservoirs, irrigation canals) Major flood control systems (dikes, levees, major

pumping stations and floodgates) Coastal management, including structures such

as seawalls, breakwaters, and floodgates

Communications infrastructure

Television and radio transmission stations Cable television physical networks including receiving stations and

cable distribution networks Communications satellites and Undersea cables

Solid waste management

Municipal garbage and recyclables collection Solid waste landfills Solid waste incinerators and plasma gasification facilities Materials recovery facilities Hazardous waste disposal facilities

Coal mines, oil wells, and natural gas wells may be classified as being part of the Mining and Resources Infrastructures

Buildings for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes are classified under the Building and Property Infrastructures

NOTE:You may use this as guide in selecting a project. All the structures across all the infrastructures listed are all civil engineeringstructures. The development and construction of these structures need the services of a civil engineer. Likewise, the

construction of these structures requires the knowledge and skills of a civil engineer as project manager.


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Phases of Infrastructure Management (Concept Diagram)

Project Drivers: are the reasons why we have projects

1. Market Demand public need for goods and services

2. Organizational Need expansion or operational

changes in a company or enterprise

3. Customer Request (Complaint) address public

concerns or business need4. Technological Advance employment of new method

or technique in infrastructure development or operation

5. Legal Requirement mandates of law or public rules

6. Social Need due to social concerns and public health

Source: Project Management Institute.A Guide to the ProjectManagement Body of Knowledge3rd Edition. Page 81

Development

1. Feasibility Study checks social, environmental, and economical merits of project

2. Alternatives and Scenarios exploration of possible options and combinations of a

project structure

3. Concept Design initial design of a project

4. Detailed Design project design that is ready for construction

5. Land Acquisition identification and finalization of project constuction sites

6. Stakeholder Management public consultation, survey for willingness to pay,

consumer perception, and management of suppliers, government support


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Dimensions of Project Feasibility

1. Social society and political situations

2. Environmental land, air, and water

conditions

3. Economical financial, business, and

investment climate

Project vs. Operation

Project= development + construction

(attain objectives and then terminate)

Operation= facility operation or maintenance

(sustain the business, adopt new objectives,continue work)

Forms of Project Feasibility

1. Bearable socially and environmentally acceptable

2. Equitable economically and socially acceptable

3. Viable environmentally and economically acceptable

4. Sustainable bearable, equitable, and viable (acceptable in all 3 dimensions)

Source: Dr. Mark Neff of Arizona State University, AGS 2010, Tokyo Japan

Construction

1. Site Condition identified in actual site visits and land survey

2. Design Condition design condition based on construction plans

3. Construction Planning identification of necessary items such as:

a. Components and Phasing

b. Methods and Systems: technology and approach

c. People and Resources: tools, equipment, and labor

d. Temporary Structures: access road, warehouse, bunkers

e. Other requirements: permits

Items b, c, and d are the elements of construction.

Goal of Construction: Site Condition = Design Condition

Notes:

Projectsend when theirobjectives have been reached orthe project has been terminated.

Constructionis consideredfinished if the site condition

reached the design condition.

Construction stops whenpermanent structures are installedand temporary structures areremoved.


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Operations more commonly called as O&M or operations and maintenance (an alternative term is

facilities management). A facility or an operating infrastructure is commissioned right after a project

has been completed, turned-over to operators, and accepted by project owners.

Modes of Service Life Extension of Facilities or Infrastructures

1. Refurbishment parts replacement, repairs, etc.

2. Renovation facility components are improved

3. Restoration reconstruction back to original design

4. Rehabilitation major improvement with revised design

Note: the modes of service life extension which is based on time requirement to finish the task is

proportionalto added value to the facilitys life span.

Decommissioning is the final stage of an

infrastructures service life.

Coordinations in Construction Management

The figure on the right shows the elements, groups,

and people that a project manager in a construction

site has to manage. The given illustration shows the

internal coordinations within the company or

organization that a project manager is commonlyengaged on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.

Note: Stakeholder management is mapping of all

possible coordinations in construction and project

management activities

Stakeholders people involved in or affected byproject activities

Workshop: Illustrate the groups, people, and

institutionsthat a project manager has to deal with

for both INTERNALand EXTERNALparties to the

company or organization.

Stakeholders include: project sponsor, project

manager, project team, support staff, customers,

users, suppliers, even - opponents to the project!

Figure: George Ritz (1994). TotalConstruction Project Management.McGraw-Hill. page 11.


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Project: has a unique purpose and temporary. specifications of the project are initially broad and then

refined and more detailed as the project progresses. requires resources, often from various areas. should have a primary customer or sponsor: the project

sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for

the project. involves uncertainty: unclear objectives, difficult to

estimate time to complete and cost, dependence onexternal factors.

The Sample Project Profile

Instruction: each group will choose a project of your choice. It can be any project

(existing or a concept design) on development and construction of an infrastructure.

Description identify components, industry category, and project drivers. Brief

discussion about the project is requested. The reasons why the project

is planned for construction must be clearly outlined and stated.

Locations mention the location of the project site as well as adjacent and affected

areas in order to describe the extent and impact of the project to the

community. Most projects in conflict areas have problems over political

jurisdiction. Permits are also based on project site location.

Benefits it must be mentioned in the project who are the major beneficiaries of the

project, use of the project, and benefits of the project to be quantified

(if possible) in terms of capacity, service level, and standards complied .

Site Sketch and Layout the construction site of the project must be sketched for

discussion purposes. Imaginations on how the site looks like and

concept design must be itemized together. Indicative locations of

various project components is requested to be drawn in project profile.

Note: Please avoid plagiarism, when in doubt, just cite and acknowledge the sources used.

The Project Profile is requested to have final concept design before Christmas vacation of 2013.


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Project Components and the Construction Site

Project Title: __________________________ Location: __________________________

Categories Site ConditionMethods and

Systems

People and

Resources

Temporary

StructuresDesign Condition

Componentsan

dPhasing

Tests and

Survey

Land cover

conditions

Temporary

Structures

Permanent

Structures

Rule:

1. First, identify the existing site conditions.

2. Next, identify the required design conditions.

3. Then, determine the necessary methods and systems, people and resources, and temporary

structures in order to have the site conditions reach the design conditions.

4. List all applicable and doable items as many as possible.


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Planning Example of Project Components and the Construction Site for illustration purpose ONLY

Categories Site Condition Methods and Systems People and Resources Temporary Structures Design Condition

Compon

entsandPhasing

Tests and

Survey

Area not surveyed Topographic survey Surveyor / Total station device Control stations Mapped project site with 5-

meter contour interval

Unknown water level Water level measurement Groundwater Hydrologist Observation test wells No water level at basement

Unknown flora-fauna Environmental impact assessment Forester / Consultant Plots and transects Complied DENR rules

Land cover

conditions

Hilly terrain Excavation and backfilling Contractor / excavator N/A Paved 1% gradeline

Forested area Land clearing Contractor / bulldozers N/A Parking paved area

Flooded area Dewatering Contractor / pumps N/A Parking paved area

Loose soil Compaction Contractor / compactor N/A Compacted soil

Informal settlers Eviction Police / bulldozers CCTV cameras Landscaped garden

Temporary

Structures

Access roads Road Contractor N/APrior to project completion, all

temporary structures must be

removed.

Warehouse Warehouse construction Contractor N/A

Staff housing Housing construction Contractor N/A

Site office Office construction Contractor N/A

Formworks Concrete building construction Contractor N/A

Permanent

Structures

No structure Foundation-Frames ConstructionContractor / tower cranes /

pile driversFormworks / Scaffoldings Buildings

No road asphalting MMDA / asphalt mixer Lights during night Flexible pavement road

No towers Steel frame construction Contractor / tower cranes N/A Tower

No drainage River diversion installation Contractor / dredger cofferdams Drainage channels

Site Condition: determined based on maps, previous studies, site reconnaisance,field visits and surveys

Design Condition: plotted in construction drawings and blueprint plans, writtenin construction guidelines and other project documents

The site and design conditions are site specific and project specific. Theknowledge of project managers is essential in contruction planning.

List all required elements of constructionfor each PAIRof siteand designconditionson both sides.

Elements of Construction:a. Methods and Systems process, technology, or approachb. People and Resources tools, equipment, and laborc. Temporary Structures access road, warehouse, bunkers

Note: This example is an illustration only. Planners can modify the categories such as infrastructure components: land cover condition, buildings, road, etc.Every civil engineer can determine project components that is specific for a given project site. Prior to project completion, all permanent structures are constructedand passed quality standards.


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Components Phasing1. Field tests and Survey: topographic survey, field measurements (e.g. meteorological

measurements, water level tests, flow measurements), site reconnaissance, hydro-geologicalsurvey, geo-resistivity tests, and geotechnical investigations, etc.

2. Site and Land Cover Conditions: improvement of land terrain, soil quality as foundationmaterial

3. Permanent Structures: construction and installation; buildings, facilities, process units, and

prefabricated components.4. Auxiliary Installations (MEPF)

Mechanical machines in the structure and HVAC components such as heating, ventilation,and air-conditioning units

Electrical power and energy systems, switchboards, lights, etc.Plumbing pipes for water, sewage, and drainage inside the buildingFire Protection sprinkler systems water

5. Architectural:structural finishing, claddings, paints, landscaping, etc.6. Inspections and Tests: structural integrity tests, dimension tests, space clearances, removal

of temporary structures, commissioning of facilities (e.g. test runs, operational checks, etc,)

Projects can be divided into phases according to:

1. Staging:e.g. tailing dams of mining sites, landconversion for housing development, road constructionper town

2. Repeating components:tall and long span structures Roads and bridges divided into sections (network) Buildings or Towers e.g. Tower 1, Tower 2, etc. Pipes divided into sections (sizes or branches)

3. Separable Units:independent unit of construction(e.g. massive prefabrication), special construction (e.g.surveys, wells construction, delivery of pre-ordered unitssuch as pumps, filtration units, etc.)

People and Resources Temporary StructuresPhysical resources: include plant and equipment, distribution networks, proximity of supplies,availability of a raw material, land, and labor.

Human Resources: knowledge, skills, capabilities, and talent of project team members.

Organizational Resources: Organizational resources are the glue that holds all of the otherresources together (e.g. lease contracts, employment bonds, insurances, supply agreements, serviceagreements, project contracts, etc.)

Financial Resources: Financial resources are the firms borrowing capability, credit lines, credit

rating, ability to generate cash, and relationship with investment bankers.

Intangible Resources:There are also intangible resources that include the organizational culture,reputation, brand name, patents, trademarks, know-how, and relationships with customers andsuppliers. Intangible resources do not have the visibility that tangible resources possess, but it canlead to a sustained competitive advantage.

Supports: scaffoldings, formworks, and shorings

Singages: warnings, location information, hazard areas

Flow and Supply: access roads, pipeworks

Storage: warehouse, bunkers, etc.

Housing: staff, workers, visitors, warehouse

Services:canteen

NOTE:

Categorizing the elements and components of

constructionis a prerogativeof the project management

team. The project manager is responsibleto determine

the suitable outline for a particular project or site.Source: Harold Kerzner (2001). Strategic Planning for Project Management using Project Management Maturity Model. John Wiley and Sons. page 34 38.


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Coordinations for Project Management in Construction Site

Source: Harold Kerzner (2001). Strategic Planning for Project Management using

Project Management Maturity Model. John Wiley and Sons. page 24

The figure shown on the left are the stakeholders (groups or

individuals) in a macroscopic business environment. It can be

used as general guide in mapping the coordinations of a

project manager in a construction site.

In order to guide the future project managers in planning.

Let us consider these 2 things: inputs and impacts. Inputs

are the needs while the Impacts are the effects of the

project site to the environment, economy, and society.

Inputs

Law/Standards

Permits

Design

Water

Fuel Electricity

Food

Tools/Equipment

Housing

Impacts

Media

Accidents

Water/wastewater

Noise

Chemical hazards Air emissions

Security


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Coordinations for Project Management in Construction Site (Result of Workshop done in CE 162 Class)

The figure below is an illustration of stakeholders (groups, individuals, or institutions) that a project manager has to deal with in a construction

site. The project manager is in charge of coordinating all the information to the management team or project owners. Communication of project

updates and escalation of problems is a major role that a project manager has to play.

Note: The illustrated model above is proposed by MBS that seems applicable to mostinfrastructure projects in a construction site. A separate or new model for anotherproject siteis requested in order to map out project and site specific requirementsthat a project manager has to coordinate while the project is on-going.

Documents

Handouts ConEng 01